Two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy

최은진,이섭,Choi, Eun Jin,Lee, Sub The Korean Pediatric Society 2007 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.50 No.3

Chylothorax is a rare complication following cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases. Although conservative management is successful in the majority of cases, surgical intervention is required in a refractory one. Recently, subcutaneous or intravenous infusion of octreotide has been used as a safe treatment that helps avoiding surgical intervention. Herein, we report two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy. 선천성 심장병의 수술후 발생되는 유미흉은 드문 합병증이다. 이는 수분, 전해질 및 영양의 불균형을 초래할 뿐만 아니라 감염에 취약함을 보이기도 한다. 지금까지의 보존요법에 대해 비교적 치료성적이 좋으나 치료에 반응하지 않는 경우에는 수술적 중재가 불가피하다. 저자들은 보존요법과 octreotide 주입을 병행하여 수술적 중재를 피하고 효과적으로 치료한 수술후 발생된 유미흉 2례를 보고하는 바이다.

Evaluation of the Dependence of the Exposure Dose on the Attenuation Correction in Brain PET/CT Scans Using 18F-FDG

최은진,정문택,장성주,최남길,한재복,양남희,동경래,정운관,Yun-Jong Lee,류영환,Sung-Hyun Choi,Kyeong-Jeong Seong 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.1

This study examined whether scanning could be performed with minimum dose and minimumexposure to the patient after an attenuation correction. A Hoffman 3D Brain Phantom was used inBIO 40 and D 690 PET/CT scanners, and the CT dose for the equipment was classified as a low dose(minimum dose), medium dose (general dose for scanning) and high dose (dose with use of contrastmedium) before obtaining the image at a fixed kilo-voltage-peak (kVp) and milliampere (mA) thatwere adjusted gradually in 17 - 20 stages. A PET image was then obtained to perform an attenuationcorrection based on an attenuation map before analyzing the dose difference. Depending on tubecurrent in the range of 33-190 milliampere-second (mAs) when BIO 40 was used, a significantdifference in the effective dose was observed between the minimum and the maximum mAs (p <0.05). According to a Scheffe post-hoc test, the ratio of the minimum to the maximum of theeffective dose was increased by approximately 5.26-fold. Depending on the change in the tubecurrent in the range of 10-200 mA when D 690 was used, a significant difference in the effectivedose was observed between the minimum and the maximum of mA (p < 0.05). The Scheffe posthoctest revealed a 20.5-fold difference. In conclusion, because effective exposure dose increaseswith increasing operating current, it is possible to reduce the exposure limit in a brain scan can be reduced if the CT dose can be minimized for a transmission scan.

Study of the Kinetic Effects on Relativistic Unmagnetized Shocks using 3D PIC Simulations

최은진,민경욱,최청림,Choi, Eun Jin,Min, Kyoung W.,Choi, Cheongrim,Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2

Shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas: bow shocks are formed by the interaction of solar wind with planetary magnetic fields, and supernova explosions and jets produce shocks in interstellar and intergalactic spaces. The global morphologies of these shocks are usually described by a set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations which tacitly assumes local thermal equilibrium, and the resulting Rankine-Hugoniot shock jump conditions are applied to obtain the relationship between the upstream and downstream physical quantities. While thermal equilibrium can be achieved easily in collisional fluids, it is generally believed that collisions are infrequent in astrophysical settings. In fact, shock widths are much smaller than collisional mean free paths and a variety of kinetic phenomena are seen at the shock fronts according to in situ observations of planetary shocks. Hence, both the MHD and kinetic equations have been adopted in theoretical and numerical studies to describe different aspects of the physical phenomena associated with astrophysical shocks. In this paper, we present the results of 3D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for ion-electron plasmas, with focus on the shock structures: when a jet propagates into an unmagnetized ambient plasma, a shock forms in the nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. As the shock shows the structures that resemble those predicted in MHD systems, we compare the results with those predicted in the MHD shocks. We also discuss the thermalization processes of the upstream flows based on the time evolutions of the phase space and the velocity distribution, as well as the wave spectra analyses.

지리적 기원이 다른 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae 균주들의 표현형적 특성

최은진,이영선,김경희,고영진,정재성,Choi, Eun Jin,Lee, Young Sun,Kim, Gyoung Hee,Koh, Young Jin,Jung, Jae Sung 한국미생물학회 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae는 참다래 속(genus Actinidia) 식물에 궤양병을 일으키는 원인세균이다. 7개의 필수 유전자와 11개의 타입 III 효과기 유전자에 대한 다중염기서열 분석을 통해 전 세계 여러 곳에서 분리된 병원성 균주들은 세 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었고 각각 Psa1-Psa3 그룹으로 명명되었다. 본 연구에서는 3개의 Psa1, 3개의 Psa2 및 우리나라와 이탈리아에서 분리된 3개씩의 Psa3 균주 등 총 12 균주를 대상으로 그룹별 표현형을 비교하였다. 그 결과 모든 그룹의 균주가 $22^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 최대의 성장을 보였으며, Psa3 균주들은 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 성장이 정지되었다. 또한 우리나라의 Psa3 균주의 지연기가 이탈리아 Psa3 균주 보다 긴 특징을 보였다. API 20NE 시험에서 Psa2 균주는 potassium gluconate, capric acid 및 trisodium citrate를 이용하지 못하는 점에서 Psa1과 Psa3 균주와 구별되었다. 다른 그룹과 달리 우리나라 Psa3 균주는 esculin을 가수분해할 수 있었다. API ZYM 시험에서는 Psa3에 속하는 균주들에서만 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Psa 그룹에 따라 ampicillin, novobiocin 및 oleandomycin 등의 항생물질에 대한 민감성 양상이 서로 달랐다. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (genus Actinidia). Multilocus sequence analysis of seven housekeeping and 11 type III effector genes differentiated the virulent P. syringae pv. actinidiae isolates worldwide into three groups designated as Psa1-Psa3. In this work, a total of 12 P. syringae pv. Actinidiae strains, including three Psa1, three Psa2, three Psa3 strains isolated from Korea and three Psa3 strains from Italy, were compared based on their phenotypic properties. Strains with different geographic origins had unique growth patterns as demonstrated by growth rate at several temperatures; all tested strains exhibited maximum growth at temperatures below $22^{\circ}C$, while the growth of Psa3 strains was completely inhibited above $30^{\circ}C$. Psa3 strains isolated from Korea had longer lag phases than the Psa3 strains from Italy. The Psa2 strains were different from Psa1 and Psa3 strains in the API 20NE test, in which the Psa2 strains could not utilize potassium gluconate, capric acid and trisodium citrate. Psa3 strains isolated from Korea could hydrolyze esculin. The API ZYM test showed that ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity was detected only from Psa3 strains. The strains belonging to the three Psa groups differed with regard to their susceptibility to ampicillin, novobiocin, and oleandomycin.

연수기 - 일본 성마리아 병원 연수기(1차)

최은진,Choi, Eun-Jin 한국가톨릭의료협회 2003 한국가톨릭병원협회지 Vol.33 No.-

Evaluation of Images Depending on an Attenuation Correction in a Brain PET/CT Scan

최은진,정문택,동경래,곽종길,Jiwon Choi,Jae-Kwang Ryu (사)한국방사선산업학회 2018 방사선산업학회지 Vol.12 No.4

A Hoffman 3D Brain Phantom was used to evaluate two PET/CT scanners, BIO_40 and D_690, according to the radiation dose of CT (low, medium and high) at a fixed kilo-voltage-peak (kVp) with the tube current (mA) varied in 17~20 stages (Bio_40 PET/CT scanner: the tube voltage was fixed to 120 kVp, the effective tube current (mAs) was increased from 33 mAs to 190 mAs in 10 mAs increments, D_690 PET/CT scanner: the tube voltage was fixed to 140 kVp, tube current (mA) was increased from 10 mAs to 200 mAs in 10 mAs increments). After obtaining the PET image, an attenuation correction was conducted based on the attenuation map, which led to an analysis of the difference in the image. First, the ratio of white to gray matter for each scanner was examined by comparing the coefficient of variation (CV) depending on the average ratio. In addition, a blind test was carried out to evaluate the image. According to the study results, the BIO_40 and D_690 scanners showed a <1% change in CV value due to the tube current conversion. The change in the coefficients of white and gray matter showed that the Z value was negative for both scanners, indicating that the coefficient of gray matter was higher than that of white matter. Moreover, no difference was observed when the images were compared in a blind test.

일본과 식민지 조선의 지주제와 소작문제 비교

최은진(CHOI Eun-jin)(崔銀珍) 한국근현대사학회 2021 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.99 No.-

Comparing the characteristics of the landlord system in Japan and colony Chosun, we can see that both secured the landowner’s landholding institutionally according to the Meiji Civil Law. In Japan, however, they entered the world market dramatically due to the 1st World War, and with this as an opportunity, as industrialization and urbanization advanced, the monopolistic capitalism system was established. As a result, the landholding of landowners went into the phase of disturbances and dismantling. Meanwhile, in colony Chosun, under the Japanese landowners intending to export grains to Japan and the colonial agricultural policy to improve farming productivity, landowner-tenant relationship in the colonial landlord system developed considerably. The colonial landlord system was either extended or maintained up to the mid-1940’s. Also, as far as tenant farming problems are concerned, colony Chosun’s landlord system was poorer and more insecure than homeland Japan’s. 일본과 식민지 조선의 지주제 성격을 비교하면, 모두 메이지민법에 의해 지주적 토지소유가 제도적으로 보장되었다. 일본 민법의 특징은 자본주의가 형성되면서 성립된 지주적 토지소유를 공인하고 이것을 자본주의체제의 구조적 일환으로 定置하는 것이었다. 그러나 일본에서는 제1차 세계대전에 의한 세계시장으로의 비약적 진출을 계기로 본격적으로 도시화·공업화가 진전되면서 독점자본주의체제가 확립되었고, 그 결과 지주적 토지소유는 동요기에 들어갔다. 대토지소유의 해체 경향은 1920년대 중반부터 가속화되어 대공황 이후 심화되었다. 반면에 식민지 조선에서는 일본으로 곡물을 이출하기 위한 일본인 지주와 식민농정의 농업생산력 향상 방침하에 식민지지주제의 지주소작관계가 고도로 발달했다. 식민지 조선의 지주들은 대공황기에도 토지소유 규모를 증대·유지했고, 1940년대 중반까지 지주제가 확대·유지되었다. 소작문제를 보면, 식민지 조선의 지주제는 일본 본국의 지주제보다 열악하고 불안정했다. 보통 소작기간이 일본은 3~5년, 식민지 조선은 1년 정도로 더 짧았다. 소작료는 일본보다 식민지 조선에서 훨씬 고율이었다. 중간착취자로서 소작지관리자의 폐해도 일본보다 식민지 조선에서 심각했다.

논문(論文) : 남경국민정부시기 지방자치와 교육: 절강성(浙江省) 난계자치실험현(蘭溪自治實驗縣)의 사례를 중심으로

최은진 ( Eun Jin Choi ) 이화사학연구소 2015 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.51

The background in which Lanxi county was selected as experimental Prefecture was related to the political purpose that Chiang Kai-shek and CC wave and the Kuomintang government were trying to seize the political initiative and to take control of the base layer of the regime in the unstable unified nation. In order to justify and rationalize the attempt of expanding influence of the government and ruling party in the base layer, it was inevitable to put forward that the proliferation of the education based on Three Principles of the People for the realization of local autonomy was the legacy of the Sun Yat-sen In Lanxi experiments, the local government enforced resolute plans to promote systematization and proliferation of the Three Principles of the People education and achieved the conversion of outdated pre-modern life style and the sweeping change in local leading forces. Specifically, in order to strengthen central government’s educational policy. the head of education department proceeded schemes to construct primary schools(Central Primary School, ranked private primary school, county-administered private class)from top to bottom, from the center to periphery. In addition, primary schools, especially central primary schools were designated as centers in charge of public educations, various athletic and Health Conference, PTA meetings aiming at modernization of Lanxi community. Thus, primary school in Lanxi County was functioned as a base to drive the social changes in the period of Nanjing national government. The strengthening of military training and national education, the core part of the Three Principles of the People education, was carried out by the Scouts organization under the request of Kuomintang which also indicated strongly that the nature of movement was top-down. From the educational experiments in Lanxi autonomy experiment County, it could be construed the educational activities acted as a mechanism to remove existing local autonomy flow in the region during the 1920s and to stabilize the government-led base layer regime even though they claimed to advocate local autonomy in the implementation process of centralized governance.

소나무재선충병 발생 곰솔임분의 간벌에 따른 토양 호흡 동태

최은진 ( Eun Jin Choi ),서희영 ( Hui Yeong Seo ),이광수 ( Kwang Soo Lee ),유병오 ( Byung Oh Yoo ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),조현서 ( Hyun Seo Cho ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.1

경남 진주시의 남부산림자원연구소 월아시험림 내 소나무재선충병 발생 곰솔임분의 간벌 처리구를 대상으로 토양 이산화탄소(CO2) 방출량과 토양환경요인 변화를 조사하기 위하여 강도구, 약도구, 대조구를 설치하고 2012년 3월부터 2013년 2월까지 토양 CO2 방출량, 토양온도, 토양수분함량, 토양 pH 변화를 조사하였다. 토양 CO2 방출량의 월별 변화는 간벌처리구와 대조구 사이에 유의적 차가 없었다(P>0.05). 연 평균 토양 CO2 방출량의 경우 처리간 유의적인 차는 없었으나 약도구 0.58 g CO2 m.2 h.1, 강도구 0.49 g CO2 m.2 h.1, 대조구 0.45 g CO2 m.2 h.1 순으로 약도구가 높게 나타났다. 토양 CO2 방출량은 토양온도와 유의적인 지수함수 관계(P<0.05)가 있었으나 토양수분과 토양 pH 와는 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다(P>0.05). Q10 값의 경우 약도구 3.40, 강도구 3.20, 대조구 3.06으로 약도구가 가장 크게 나타나 소나무재선충병 발생 곰솔임분의 간벌처리는 토양온도 상승과 함께 토양 CO2 방출에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the change on soil CO2 efflux rates, soil temperature, soil water content and soil pH by thinning intensity treatments (heavy thinning, light thinning, control) of a black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) stand disturbed by pine wilt disease in Wola National Experimental Forests in Jinju, Gyeongnam province. Monthly variations of soil CO2 efflux rates were not significantly different between the thinning and the control treatments (P>0.05). The annual mean soil CO2 efflux rates were 0.58 g CO2 m.2 h.1 for the light thinning, 0.49 g CO2 m.2 h.1 for the heavy thinning and 0.45 g CO2 m.2 h.1 for the control treatments, respectively. There was a significant exponential relation between soil CO2 efflux rates and soil temperature, but no correlation between soil water content or soil pH and soil CO2 efflux rates. The values of Q10 were 3.40 for the light thinning, 3.20 for the heavy thinning and 3.06 for the control treatments, respectively. The results indicate that soil CO2 efflux rates in a black pine stand disturbed by pine wilt disease could be affected by thinning treatments.

한국의 경제 발전과정과 재벌기업 규제 패러다임의 변화 - 경제력집중 규제를 중심으로 -

최은진 ( Eunjin Choi ) 연세법학회(구 연세법학연구회) 2017 연세법학 Vol.29 No.-

우리나라 “독점거래 및 공정거래에 관한 법률”(이하 “공정거래법”이라 한다)이 재벌기업을 통제하기 위한 시책이 도입되어 시행된 지 약 30년이 지났다. 특히, 공정거래법 `제3장의 기업결합의 제한 및 경제력집중`의 억제는 대표적인 재벌기업의 규제라 할 수 있다. 사실 경제력집중 억제정책은 세계적으로 그유래를 찾아보기가 힘들다. 그러나 우리나라가 처음부터 재벌기업에 대한 규제를 시작한 것은 아니었다. 과거에는 우리나라의 경제성장을 위하여 정부가 주도적으로 기업을 대상으로 `성장중심주의` 정책을 지향하였기 때문이다. 그러나 기업의 과도한 성장으로 특정 기업의 독점화가 발생하고, 자유로운 시장경제가 위태롭게 되는 등 부작용이 발생하자 재벌기업들을 규제해야 할 필요성이 절실해졌고, 그 결과 `경제력집중`을 규제하기 위한 법규가 생긴 것이다. 이러한 법체계의 변화는 우리나라 공정거래법 역사에서 큰 패러다임의 변화라고 볼 수 있겠다. 본 논고는 법의 영역에서도 과학적 패러다임의 변화과정을 적용할 수 있다고 보며 그 예시로써 공정거래법에서 기업규제 측면에서의 지배적인 견해가 어떠한 다른 지배적인 현상으로 변화하였는지 살펴보고, 이를 법적 패러다임주의(legal paradigmism)를 적용해보고자 한다. About 30 years have passed since the introduction of the “Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act" (hereinafter referred to as the “Fair Trade Act") by the Korean government to control `Chaebol` enterprises. Particularly, Chapter 3 Restriction on M&A and Repression of Economic Power Concentration of Fair Trade Act can be regarded as a typical conglomerates(Chaebol) regulation. In fact, the policy restraining economic power concentration is difficult to find out its origin in the world. However, Korea did not start to regulate Chaebol from the beginning. This is because in the past the government has been leading the `growth centered` policy for companies to promote the economic growth of Korea. However, when the adverse effects such as the monopolization of a specific company due to excessive growth of the company and the risk of a free market economy have arisen, the necessity of regulating the Chaebol has been urgently needed, and as a result, there has been legislation to regulate the economic power concentration. This change in the legal system can be considered as a great paradigm change in the history of the Korea Fair Trade Act. In this paper, we can see that the change process of scientific paradigm can be applied in the field of law as well. As an example, we examine the change of the dominant view on corporate regulation in Fair Trade Act into another dominant phenomenon, and apply it to legal paradigmism.