대학생 소비자의 스마트폰 소비행태와 경제적 합리성과의 관계 연구

최소망 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2014 국내석사

시장 경제의 발전 및 생활수준의 향상으로 인한 소비문화의 발달로 인해 대학생 소비자의 소비규모 및 범위가 크게 확대되었다. 대학생 소비자는 아동기의 단순한 소비행위로부터 성인으로서의 독자적인 소비행태로 이행되는 과도기적 시기에 속하며, 아직 확립되지 않은 소비 가치관으로부터 오는 혼란으로 인해 비합리적인 소비행태가 다수 발생하고 있어 사회적으로 문제화 되고 있다. 이로 인해 사회적 차원에서 대학생 소비자에게 합리적으로 소비하고 선택하며 행동할 것을 강하게 요청하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 오늘날 정보화 시대의 필수품으로 인식되는 스마트폰의 소비행태와 대학생 소비자의 경제적 합리성의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 경제학은 인간의 합리적인 의사결정과 선택을 기본 전제로 하는 합리성의 학문이다. 그렇다면 경제학을 배우거나 학습하면 할수록 개인적 문제 상황에서 항상 합리적인 선택과 의사결정이 가능하며, 경제교육을 많이 받을수록 경제적 합리성은 증진되는지에 대한 의문이 제기된다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 스마트폰을 구입한 대학생 소비자가 경제생활에서 요구되는 합리성을 얼마나 습득하고 있는지를 여섯 가지 경제 실험 문항(기회비용, 매몰비용, 비용-편익 분석)으로 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 스마트폰 소비행태와의 관계를 파악하였다. 본 연구에서 경제적 합리성은 ‘자신의 이익을 극대화하고, 그의 선호와 이행성과 완전성이 있으며, 한계적으로 추구하는 것’이라고 정의하였으며, 스마트폰 소비가치는 선행연구를 바탕으로 쾌락적 가치와 차별화·상징적 가치로 구분하였다. 연구 대상은 서울 소재 남·여 대학생 200명으로 오프라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 대학생 소비자의 스마트폰 소비행태와 경제적 합리성과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 t-test 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트폰 소비가치에 따른 스마트폰 소비행태를 분석한 결과, 스마트폰을 통해 차별화·상징적 가치를 추구하는 집단이 스마트폰 구매이력에서 비합리적 소비행태가 나타났으며, 스마트폰을 통해 쾌락적 가치를 추구하는 집단은 오락 기능을 통해 새로운 라이프 스타일을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경제적 합리성 정도에 따른 스마트폰 소비행태를 분석한 결과, 스마트폰 구매이력, 사용기간, 1일 평균 사용시간, 한 달 평균 이용요금의 모든 영역에서 경제적 합리성과 유의한 값이 나타났다. 특히 1일 평균 스마트폰 사용시간에 따른 경제적 합리성 정도에서 높은 상관관계를 도출하였다. 이는 일상생활의 필수품이라고 생각하는 스마트폰 소비자일수록 합리적인 스마트폰 소비를 한다는 기존의 연구들과 유사한 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 소비에 대한 가치관 형성이 중요한 시기인 대학생 소비자의 건전한 소비생활을 위해 학교 경제교육에서는 학생들이 경제 현상들을 지배하는 기본원리를 이해하여 일상생활에서의 경제문제를 합리적으로 해결할 수 있는 의사결정능력과 경제적인 사고방식을 키우고, 국민경제 개발에 기여할 수 있는 민주시민은 물론 합리적 경제인을 양성할 수 있어야 할 것을 제언한다. The consumption scale and the consumption possibility boundary of college students have been greatly increased for development of consumer culture based on development of market economy and standard of living. College students are considered as being in a transition period from simple consuming actions of childhood to independent consuming behaviors of adulthood. They often provoke social concerns over irrational consuming behaviors for confusions from immature consumption values. In the light of a social dimension, college students are highly asked to consume, choose and behave with rationality. Moreover, Economics is established on the belief of rational decision making and choice of human. However, this study addresses two questions: a) Are people who have studied or learned Economics always able to make rational choice and decision under personal problematic situations?; b) Is economic rationality positively improved along with high degree of economic education? This study examines the relationship between economic rationality of college students and consumption behaviors on smartphones which are regarded as one of the daily necessities in an Information Technology society. The study defines economic rationality as maximizing self-interest, having completeness and transitivity of preferences, and pursuing things marginally. In the light of the literature reviews, the research divides the consumption value of smartphones into enjoyment value and differentiate·symbolic value. To identify how college students who have purchased smartphones acquire economic rationality, a quantitative approach is employed to data collection. An offline questionnaire surveys are conducted to 200 college students in Seoul on six economic experimental questions of opportunity cost, sunk cost and cost-benefit analysis. It also uses t-test analysis to investigate the relationship between the consumption behaviors on smartphones of college students and economic rationality. The results of the research are as follows. First, from the analysis on consumption behaviors with consumption values on smartphones, the differentiate·symbolic value group through smartphones shows irrational consumption behaviors in their purchasing data, while enjoyment group establishes a new life style with an entertainment function. Second, from the analysis on consumption behaviors with economic rationality, four factors are statistically significant: a) the purchasing data of smartphones; b) the time of use; c) the average time of use per day; d) the average charge of use per month. Especially, the average time of use per day is highly correlated to the economic rationality. These findings show the similarity to those of preceding researches that those who considers smartphones as daily necessities in an Information Technology society do rational consumptions on smartphones. Conclusions draw attention to more general and practical issues that needs to be dealt with in schools. The study suggests that the school economic education is ought to achieve three goals for constructive consumption of college students who are in the period of establishment of consumption value: a) to make students understand the basic economic principles; b) to raise the ability to make rational economic decisions and the economic mind; c) to fundamentally foster rational market participants as well as democratic citizens who are able to contribute to develop the national economy.

북한 기후변화 외교 연구, 1992-2022

최소망 경남대학교 북한대학원대학교 2024 국내박사

이 논문의 목적은 북한이 지난 30여 년간 왜 기후변화 외교를 수행했는지, 어떤 방식으로 외교를 수행했는지 밝히는 것이다. 1992년 브라질 리우에서 열린 유엔환경개발회의(UNCED)를 기점으로 기후변화 외교를 시작한 북한은 개발도상국에 대한 지원이 부각된 교토체제에서 탄소중립이 강조된 신(新)기후체제까지 국제기후변화 체제에 적극 가담했다. 1990년대 대내외적 어려움에 직면한 북한은 국가 생존과 위신을 우선으로 하는 국가정체성을 기후변화 외교정책 결정 과정에 개입시켰다. 교토체제와 신기후체제를 마주하면서 국가정체성은 재생산되어 국가이익을 재조정했고, 상징적인 이득보단 재정‧기술‧에너지적 차원의 물리적인 이득에 중점을 둔 외교를 구사했다. 기후변화 체제 변화에 달라진 외교정책 결정 동인과 외교 적극성을 기준으로 시기를 UNCED부터 교토의정서 채택 전까지 발생기(1992-1996), 교토의정서 채택부터 신기후체제 설립 결정까지 성장기(1997-2011), 신기후체제 협상부터 현재까지 도약기(2012-2022)로 구분했다. 외교 수행 기관과 인물도 달라졌다. 1992년 UNCED엔 강희원 정무원부총리와 외교부‧당 국제부 인물이 참가하고, 1997년 교토의정서가 채택된 유엔기후변화협약 제3회 당사국총회엔 참가자가 없었으며, 2015년 파리협정 채택 땐 리수용 외무상과 국가환경조정위원회 인물이 참가했다. This article aims to shed light on why and how North Korea has practiced climate change diplomacy over the past three decades. North Korea began its climate diplomacy at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and has actively participated in international regimes on climate change, including the Kyoto Protocol and the New Climate regime. The Kyoto Protocol emphasized support for developing countries, while the New Climate Regime emphasized the definition of carbon zero. Faced with internal and external challenges in the 1990s, North Korea's national identity, which prioritized national survival and national prestige, was incorporated into its decision-making process for foreign policy on climate change. Later, in the face of the Kyoto regime and the new climate regime, national identity was reproduced to recalibrate national interests. After Kyoto regime, North Korea’s diplomacy focused on physical benefits to developing countries in the form of financial, technological, and energy benefits rather than symbolic gains. The history of climate diplomacy is divided into three periods based on the drivers of North Korean foreign policy decisions that varied with changes in the international climate change regime. I categorized the period from the UNCED to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol as the Emergence period(1992-1996), the Growth Period(1997-2011) from the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol to the decision to establish a new climate regime, and the Leap Period(2012-2022) from the negotiation of the new climate regime to the present. The institutions and personalities conducting diplomacy have also changed. A delegation led by Vice Prime Minister Kang Hee-won that also included officials from the international department the ruling Workers’ Party’s and foreign ministry attended UNCED in 1992. No one attended the third Conference of the Parties(COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), where the Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997. In 2015, officials from the North’s National Coordination Committee for Environment(NCCE), including Foreign Minister Ri Su-yong, attended the 21st COP, where the Paris Agreement was signed.

Numerical simulation of optimization of performance of a radial collector well for riverside groundwater intake

최소망 서울대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

Riverside groundwater intake has been considered as an effective method to supply sustainably stable quantity and safe quality of the water. The most suitable well type for riverside groundwater intake is a radial collector well because of advantages such as high intake rate and low drawdown. Before construction of a radial collector well in real fields, a quantitative evaluation of its performance and efficiency is necessary to reduce cost and to control amount or quality of intake water. A series of numerical simulations using a detailed numerical modeling technique is performed to optimize performance of radial collector well. First, a model for an aquifer-river linked radial collector well was constructed to consider effects of interaction of a river and an aquifer. Impacts of the radial arm configurations on performance and efficiency of radial collector well were evaluated. And then, impacts of radial collector well specifications and riverbed characteristics on performance of radial collector well ware evaluated. In the results of evaluation of impacts of radial arm configurations, performance and efficiency of radial collector wells are affected by the direction of radial arms, the number of radial arms and the angle between radial arms. On the model for an aquifer-river linked radial collector well, the configuration of optimum performance of radial collector well is when 3 radial arms to river and the angle between adjacent to radial arms is 45°. In the results of evaluation of impacts of radial collector well specifications, the length of radial arms is a more sensitive parameter than the opening ratio of radial arms on performance of radial collector well. In the results of evaluation of impacts of riverbed characteristics, performance of radial collector well is affected by thickness of riverbed and conductivity of riverbed. The performance of radial collector well is the highest when the riverbed does not exist. As the conductance of riverbed increases, the performance of radial collector well is optimized more when the riverbed exists. These detailed numerical simulation results provide a useful guideline for applications to other research fields related for riverside groundwater intake using a radial collector well.

<성실한 나라의 앨리스>와 <위로공단>에서 구성된 한국 여성노동자의 타자성에 관한 연구

최소망 공주대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

The background of this study starts with interest in diversity films produced for social minorities such as female workers inside the industrial structure where commercial movies with large capital dominate. Also, taking notice on how narratives in the form of drama film and documentaries selectively provide various stories of real life and give significance to the reality as a strong culture field which assumes the role of public sphere, this study observed how drama films and documentaries select which realities and how it provides them as stories. This study selected the drama film <Alice in Eamesland> and the documentary <Factory Complex>, both of which handle the common theme of female workers of Korea, for analysis , first, to see how the reality of female workers of Korea is composed using the narrative analysis method, second, to analyze how the otherness of female workers of Korea is represented using visual representation analysis, and finally, to observe how undertone in the otherness of female workers of Korea is composed in each piece of work. For this, narrative structure and video representation analyses are set as research methods and used to analyze the film and the documentary. Narrative structure analysis first analyzes the entire story of the two pieces in units of sequence, observing the flow and changes of story, and based on this analysis, navigates the characteristics of the narrative structure’s main composition factors of character, plot, and setting. Visual representation analysis is conducted with focus around scene analysis, and description of camera techniques, audio and video. The result of this study is observed as the following: First, in the result of analysis of narrative structure and aspects of female workers in <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex>, <Alice in Eamesland> takes the structure of repeated misfortune and happiness taking place in the normal status of the character within a story of diligent female worker dreaming of happiness. Within this structure, the film takes plot composition in which conflict is amplified and eventually concluded in revenge. Based on such a narrative structure, the female worker in <Alice in Eamesland> is reflected in the aspect of a character dreaming unrealistic desire and transformed into an inhumane character to achieve it. <Factory Complex> describes transformation of female labor and history of female labor movement through interviews with female workers of different generations. Such stories proceed with structure where female workers in abnormal status from unfortunate labor face continued misfortune, and through this misfortune, the conflict is amplified. The movie takes plot in which the events amplifying conflict progress through misfortune, sympathy, and concludes with comforting. Based on this narrative structure, female workers of <Factory Complex> transformed from manual laborer in the industrial era to temporary worker in the sophisticated contemporary era, and even the change of the era shows that low wages and poor labor conditions are widespread. Second, through the visual reflection method of the two pieces, this study observed how image of female workers' labor is reflected, and how image of men and result of female labor are reflected in the pieces. Labor carried out by female workers of <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex> is reflected in each piece as a life-threatening labor and a life-threatened labor. <Alice in Eamesland> reflected female workers' labor as an unrealistically sophisticated and skilled technique, to reflect the paradox in which the worker has to kill others (generally men) to survive in the male-centered social structure. On the other hand, labor carried out by female workers of <Factory Complex> is reflected using abstract factors such as poverty, hope, hell, and pain, which threaten their life. Through this reflection, the reality is emphasized in that female workers’ life can be sufficiently threatened only with work. The male perspective in <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex> is reflected in images of lost helper, onlooker, observer, and antagonist, in which men in <Alice in Eamesland> are portrayed as incompetent objects otherizing women who are competent subjects, showing strong disdain and contempt not only against the female workers, but against the female gender itself, reflecting female workers as the object of otherization. The result of female workers’ labor in <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex> is reflected in each piece as ‘cruel revenge’ in <Alice in Eamesland>, and ‘comforting through solidarity’ in <Factory Complex>. Third, observing the undertone from analysis results of narrative structure and visual reflection method of <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex>, both pieces present the gap between personal misfortune of the female workers and the social structure as the core of the theatrical motif. The female workers in both pieces are poor and from lower class, portrayed to be deprived of freedom of occupation although it is a vital condition to escape the poverty they are suffering, and through the social structure which makes the escape impossible, the pieces tell the story that her (their) misfortune is caused more by the society than the individual(s) themselves. Also, as antagonists presented in <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex>, the powerlessness in perspective of the male towards the female workers supports further otherization of the female. In the two pieces, the male workers are one-dimensional antagonists who live in the same era as the female workers, but the Korean social structure itself, including the male workers themselves, is implied as the strong antagonist of the female workers. Also, <Alice in Eamesland> and <Factory Complex> only sympathize with their situation, but do not present a solution. The narrative structure and reflection method that do not present a solution signify the otherization of the female and the workers. The female workers in both pieces are others that exist externally to the male. Once they realize the gap between their desire and the male-dominated social structure, they are frustrated and hurt. The two pieces describe and reflect the despair of female workers who cannot be included into the governing structure, each based on fiction and reality. Through this process of description and reflection, the two pieces can be said to emphasize the importance of discussion about others and otherness, which presents sense of existence of oneself actively within the society and records oneself. The limits of this study is that, first, this study utilized the methodology of narrative structure and the visual reflection method of drama film and documentary, and it is assumed there is a certain level of difference in the methods of meaning construction of drama film based on fiction and documentary based on reality, but in the two pieces which were the objects of analysis, no meaningful differences could be found, other than the differences in formalities. Second, in the same context as the first limitation above, this paper selected one drama film and one documentary to be studied, and there is a clear limitation in generalizing the results of this research. It can be said as a limitation. Third, the discussion regarding otherness of female workers needs further expansion into discourse studies about the keywords ‘others, workers, female’, audience studies, and feminism studies, together with the analysis of a specific visual artwork, to achieve deeper discussion.

한국 예술가곡을 통한 중학교 음악교과와 역사교과의 통합지도방안 연구 : 가곡 <금강에 살으리랏다>, <기다리는 마음>을 중심으로

최소망 동아대학교 교육대학원 2019 국내석사

일제식민지 시대인 1920년대에 탄생한 한국 예술가곡은 근현대사와 함께 우리 민족의 역사적 아픔과 한을 음악을 통해 승화시키고 발전해왔으며, 우리나라 음악교육에서도 중요한 의의를 가진다. 2015 개정교육과정에서 음악은 그 시대의 정신과 정서를 반영한 문학과 사회, 역사 등과 밀접한 관계 속에서 만들어지기 때문에 음악의 특징을 역사・문화적 배경과 연관지어서 설명하도록 하라고 명시되어 있다. 또한 한 시대의 음악에 대한 이해는 역사·문화적 상황에 대한 탐구를 통해 이루어질 수 있도록 하며 타 교과와 연계하여 음악의 폭넓은 역사・문화적 배경지식을 학습하도록 한다고 명시하여 음악교과와 타 교과와의 통합교육을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 예술가곡을 음악적 특징·기능 학습과 더불어 작곡된 시대적 배경과 우리 민족이 겪었던 어려운 상황, 감정을 포함한 정서적인 영역까지를 맥락적 관점으로 접근하여 음악교과와 역사교과의 통합지도방안을 연구하고 제시하였다. 지도방안의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 맥락적교육과 통합교육의 개념을 알아보고, 통합교육의 유형을 살펴보았다. 둘째, 2015 개정교육과정에 의한 중학교 음악교과서 14종에 수록된 한국 예술가곡을 정리하고 그 중 역사교과와 통합수업이 가능한 홍난파의 <금강에 살으리랏다>, 장일남의 <기다리는 마음>을 제재곡으로 선정하고 분석하였다. 셋째, 중학교 역사교과서의 내용 체계를 정리하고 국권 피탈부터 제재곡의 작곡 배경인 1930년대 일제의 식민지배정책과 시대적 상황, 6·25 전쟁의 배경과 전개 과정을 분석하였다. 넷째, 통합교육 유형을 적용하여 음악교과와 역사교과의 통합지도방안을 설계하였다. 교수-학습 지도안은 총 3차시로 구성하였으며, 포가티의 여러 교과 간의 통합모형 중 계열형과 거미줄형, 공유형을 적용하여 개발하였다. 1차시에서는 한국 예술가곡에 대한 이해와 감상 활동을 구성하여 국권 피탈부터 6·25전쟁까지의 역사적 흐름을 설명하는 것을 목표로 구상하였다. 2차시는 1930년대의 일제의 식민지배 정책과 홍난파의 <금강의 살으리랏다>의 작곡된 배경과 음악적 특징을 이해·가창하는 활동을 제시하였다. 3차시는 6·25전쟁의 전개 과정과 배경을 이해하고, 장일남의 <기다리는 마음> 가창과 모둠별로 제재곡을 개사하고 발표하는 수업을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 학생들이 우리나라의 역사를 바르게 인식하고 한국 예술가곡의 가치를 깨닫기를 바라며, 앞으로 중학교 음악교과와 역사교과와의 통합지도방안 연구가 활발하게 개발되어지기를 기대한다. The Korean art song born in 1920s, the Japanese colonial period has been developed by sublimating historic pain and regret of our nation through music and has an important implication even for Korean music education. The 2015 Revised Curriculum specifies that music's characteristics should be explained by associating it with historical/cultural backgrounds, as it is created in the close relationship with literature, society, history and so on, all of which reflect the contemporary spirit and emotion, and that music should be understood by exploring historical/cultural circumstances and it is necessary to grasp the historically/culturally wide background knowledge of it, by connecting it with other subjects. This study examined and suggested the integrated instruction methods of both music and history subject, by approaching to Korean art songs' musical characteristics, functions and learning, as well as the historical background in which it was created and difficult circumstances our nation experienced and even emotional areas including feelings, from the contextual perspective. The teaching-learning guidance plan consists of a total of 3 sessions and was developed by applying the sequential, the spider-web and the shared type, among Forgaty's integrated models of many subjects to it. The 1st session consisting of the understanding and appreciation activities of Korean art songs was designed to explain the historical flow from the loss of national rights to the Korean War. The 2nd session involved the understanding of Japanese colonial policies and the composition background and musical characteristics of <I Will Live in Geumgang> of Hong Nanpa in 1930s and the singing of it. The 3rd session provided the class in which the developmental process and the background of the Korean War were understood and <A Waiting Mind> of Jang Ilnam and theme songs by groups were rewritten and presented.

Use of Hard Mask for Finer (<10 ?m) Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) Etching

최소망 명지대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

다기능 모바일 컴퓨팅 디바이스의 수요가 증대함에 따라 소비자들은 경박 단소한 모바일 컴퓨팅 디바이스에 대한 요구가 증대하고 있다. 이에 따라 소형화되고 기능이 복합화 된 디바이스 구현을 위한 실리콘 관통전극(TSVs)을 통한 3D 반도체 패키징 기술이 핵심요소로 발전하게 되었다. 실리콘 관통전극 관련기술은 깊은 비아 형성을 위한 실리콘 식각, 비아 주변 절연층 증착, 비아에 전도성 금속을 채우는 기술 등을 포함한다. 본 연구는 깊은 실리콘 식각에 대해 연구하였다. 본 연구는 동일한 공정 조건 하에서 세 가지 식각 마스크를 사용한 실리콘 관통전극 식각 반응을 연구하였다; 포토레지스트, 산화규소, 알루미늄. 실험 결과, Aspect-ratio-dependent-etching (ARDE) 현상이 관찰되었다. Differential charging과 Ion shadowing이 ARDE 현상의 원인으로 알려져 있다. 한편, 소프트마스크를 사용한 식각 결과 10 ㎛까지만 정상적인 식각이 이루어졌으나, 하드마스크를 사용한 식각은 그보다 더 작은 2 ㎛까지 정상적인 식각이 이루어졌다. 하드마스크를 사용한 것이 더 좁은 패턴크기의 식각에 더 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. 포토레지스트 erosion과 ion angular dispersion의 상호 작용이 실험 결과의 주원인으로 간주된다. Per recent request for lighter and faster mobile application, three dimensional (3D) semiconductor chip packaging with direct chip to chip interconnection employing through silicon vias (TSVs) became crucial. TSV interconnection technology includes, deep silicon etch for via formation, insulating liner layer deposition, and via filling with conductive metal. This research investigated for deep silicon etch. This research investigated the etch responses of TSV under the same process condition employing three different etch mask materials; photoresist, silicon dioxide, and aluminum. As a result, Aspect-ratio-dependent-etching (ARDE) effect was observed in this research. Differential charging and ion shadowing are considered as its cause. Besides, it was observed that successful via etching with photoresist for lager via size greater than 10 µm; however, hard mask is preferred for smaller sized vias. Interaction between photoresist erosion and ion angular dispersion is considered as the cause of the results.

콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스 확장 관점에서 본 웹 3.0 시대 NFT 활용 연구

최소망 중앙대학교 첨단영상대학원 2023 국내석사

2021년부터 새로운 형태의 디지털 자산인 NFT(Non-fungible Token: 대체불가능토큰)가 주목받기 시작했다. 블록체인으로부터 부여된 고윳값으로 인해 유·무형 자산을 대체 불가능하게 만들 수 있다는 NFT의 특성은 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스에 새로운 자극과 변화로 작용했다. NFT는 콘텐츠의 원본과 소유권을 입증할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 콘텐츠 IP의 가치를 확장할 수 있기 때문에 콘텐츠 산업 종사자들은 NFT를 적극 활용하려 시도하고 있다. 이와 함께 NFT 가치 체계의 기반이 되는 탈중앙화 실현을 추구하는 차세대 인터넷 생태계인 웹 3.0 시대가 함께 도래하기 시작했다. 본 논문은 NFT의 근간이 되는 웹 3.0에 대한 탐구를 바탕으로 NFT가 확산하고 있는 현상을 이해하고 시사점을 도출하여 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스 확장의 관점에서 적합한 NFT 활용 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 NFT와 콘텐츠 IP에 대한 이론적 이해를 바탕으로 NFT가 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 논의하고 콘텐츠 IP와 NFT 사이의 쟁점을 살펴봄으로써 NFT가 해결 과제에 대해서 고찰했다. 이어 거의 모든 유무형 자산을 디지털 자산화할 수 있다는 NFT의 고유한 능력이 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스 차원에서 어떻게 구현되고 있는지 다양한 실제 사례 분석을 통해 관찰 조사했다. 기존 콘텐츠 IP를 이용하여 NFT를 제작한 국내외 대표사례를 콘텐츠 형태별로 선별하고 분석했으며, NFT를 활용하여 신규 콘텐츠 IP를 생성하는 사례도 함께 다루었다. 신규 콘텐츠 IP 사례는 NFT 프로젝트 발행을 통해 성공적으로 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스 모델을 수립한 경우와 NFT를 이용해 2차적 저작물을 제작하여 새로운 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스를 전개하는 경우로 분류하여 분석했다. 이를 통해 NFT가 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스를 다각도에서 효과적으로 확장하고 있음을 규명할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 앞선 논의와 분석에 기초하여 NFT를 활용한 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스의 확장 방안을 세 가지를 제안하였다. 특히 국내에서 광범위하게 연구되지 않았던 웹 3.0에 대한 세밀한 탐색과 분석을 바탕으로 NFT가 지닌 웹 3.0 철학을 견지하고 웹 생태계의 변화를 긍정적으로 수용할 수 있는 비즈니스 방안을 제시하였다. NFT의 역사가 빈약하기에 관련 시장과 산업의 성숙도가 낮다는 한계에도 불구하고, 다른 한편으로 NFT 시장은 아직 잠재력이 제대로 발휘되지 않은 미래 가능성이 높은 시장으로 평가받고 있다. 따라서 NFT의 효용성을 발견해내는 지속적인 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다. 향후 활성화가 기대되는 콘텐츠 IP 비즈니스 내 NFT 활용과 관련 연구를 촉발하는 데 본 논문이 도움이 될 수 있기를 희망한다. Beginning to attract public attention in 2021. NFTs, which give irreplaceable characteristics to tangible and intangible assets by utilizing blockchain, has become a new driver for the content IP business. Not only can NFTs prove the originality and ownership of content but they also expand the value of content IP, which leads to the content industry practitioners’ active attempting to utilize NFTs. In the meanwhile, the Web 3.0 has begun to take shape as the next generation of a decentralized web, which establishes the NFT value system. In this context, this thesis aimed to investigate the phenomenon of how NFTs are spreading via Web 3.0, to derive implications, and to suggest appropriate ways to make use of NFTs for the content IP business. Based on the theoretical understanding of NFTs and content IPs, this study discussed the positive impact of NFTs on the content IP business. It also analyzed the challenges of NFTs by examining the issues centered on content IPs and NFTs. Subsequently, various cases using NFTs were analyzed. These cases were analyzed to explore how NFTs' unique ability to convert almost any physical or virtual asset into digital assets is utilized in the content IP business. For the case studies, cases in which NFTs were produced using existing content IPs and those where new content IPs were created using NFTs were selected. Existing content IP cases were classified by content type while new content IP cases were categorized by NFT project issuance and secondary work production. Through this, it was confirmed that NFTs can be effectively used to expand related content IP business in various ways. Finally, based on the previous discussion and analysis, three business plans to expand the content IP business were presented. In particular, by exploring and analyzing Web 3.0 in detail, which has not been extensively researched in Korea, I presented a business plan that can positively accept changes in the Web 3.0 philosophy and web ecosystem of NFTs. In general, the NFT industry is considered immature yet because of their short history. On the other hand, however, it means a promising market that has not yet been fully exploited. For NFTs to be of greater utility, further follow-up studies will need to be conducted. It is hoped that this thesis will trigger the utilization of NFTs, which will be activated in the future, as well as thoughtful studies in content IP Business.

(The) development of nanodiamonds-based therapeutic nanomaterials for osteoarthritis therapy

최소망 Graduate School, Korea University 2022 국내박사

본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 이카린/탄닌-나노다이아몬드를 준비하였다. 이카린은 타닌에 의해 흡수되어 나노다이아몬드 표면에 부착되었고 (이카린/타닌-나노다이아몬드), 지방다당류로 활성화된 대식세포와 Monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)에 의해 유도된 골관절염 랫드 모델에서 항염증 효과와 연골 보호 효과를 평가하였다. 이카린/탄닌-나노다이아몬드는 나노다이아몬드로부터 최대 28일동안 지속적으로 이카린이 방출되는 것을 보여주었다. 이카린/탄닌-나노다이아몬드는 지방다당류로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 염증반응 요소인 matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 및 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)의 mRNA 수준을 억제하고 항염증 요소인 IL-4 와 IL-10의 mRNA 수준을 증가시켰다. 동물 연구는 MIA 유도 골관절염 쥐 모델에서 이카린/탄닌-나노다이아몬드의 관절강 내 주입이 혈청수준에서 IL-6, MMP-3, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 및 TNF-α을 약물 의존적으로 현저하게 억제하는 것을 보여주었다. 뿐만 아니라, 이카린/탄닌-나노다이아몬드의 눈에 띄는 항염증 효과는 미세단층촬영, 총체적 소견, 조직학적 조사 등에서 나타난 바와 같이 MIA 유도 골관절염 진행과 연골 저하를 보호하였다. 따라서 시험관내 및 생체내 실험결과는 이카린/탄닌-나노다이아몬드를 통한 장기간 이카린 전달에 따른 골관절염에 대한 방어 뿐 만 아니라 염증의 개선도 확인하였다. In the present study, icariin (ICA)/tannic acid (TA)-nanodiamonds (NDs) were prepared as follows. ICA was anchored to ND surfaces, absorbed by TA (ICA/TA-NDs), and evaluated on its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and cartilage protective effects on a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). The ICA/TA-NDs showed prolonged release of ICA from the NDs for up to 28 days in a sustained manner. ICA/TA-NDs inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory elements matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and increased the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Animal studies demonstrated that intra-articular injection of ICA/TA-NDs notably suppressed serum levels of IL-6, MMP-3, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TNF-α in MIA-induced OA rat models in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the noticeable anti-inflammatory effects of ICA/TA-NDs protected the progression of MIA-induced OA and cartilage degradation, as exhibited by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), gross findings, and histological investigations. Accordingly, in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrated improved inflammation as well as defense against OA following prolonged ICA delivery through ICA/TA-NDs.

Volatile composition and sensory characteristics of onion powders prepared by convective drying

최소망 Korea University 2017 국내석사

The global production of dry onion is steadily increased every year. However volatile compounds and sensory characteristics are changed during drying. Volatile composition and sensory characteristics of the onion powders prepared by convective drying at different temperatures (50, 70, and 90°C) were investigated. Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) was used to collect the volatile compounds, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile compounds. Dipropyl disulfide was the major volatile compound in fresh onion (77.70% of total volatile compounds). However it was considerably lost during drying reaching to 6.93-32.25 µg/g solids. Dipropyl disulfide showed a positive correlation with green sensory attribute perceived by a descriptive sensory analysis. Thiophenes, which were responsible for caramel and sweet attributes, were produced by drying process especially when the drying temperature was high. Aldehydes, which were another type of volatile compounds found in fresh onion, showed a positive correlation with humidity attribute. The aldehyde content in dried onion was the highest at the lowest drying temperature, possibly because the aldehydes were produced by the residual enzymes in fresh onion. Using a low temperature for drying was ideal to retain the aroma of fresh onion. Contribution of each volatile compounds to sensory characteristics can guide further investigation into flavor development during onion drying at food industry.