저소득층 공동주거 재개발계획안

최강영,정진원,민선주 대한건축학회 1998 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.14 No.7

Spatio-temporal expression patterns of Runx2 isoforms in early skeletogenesis

최강영,이상원,박미현,배용철,신홍인,남순현,김영진,김현정,류현모 생화학분자생물학회 2002 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.34 No.6

Skeletogenesis occurs through either intramem-branous or endochondral ossification. In adition, some parts of the skeletal components maintain their cartilaginous characteristics throughout life without mineralization. Runx2 is known to be a cesses. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of two major isoforms of Runx2 in early skeletogenesis. During intramembranous bone for-mation, Runx2-type I (Runx2-I) was widely expres-sed in osteoprogenitor cels and active osteo-blasts, while Runx2-type II (Runx2-I) expression was stringently restricted to cels lining mineral-ized bones. Cels in permanent cartilage expressed colagen type II (Col-I) but never expresed Runx2 or Col-X. These permanent cartilages were wel Runx2-I was negative. In endochondral bone for-mation, Runx2 expression temporarily disappeared in Col-II-positive proliferating chondrocytes, but a secondary surge of Runx2-I expression occurred in the prehypertrophic zone before the minerali-zation of cartilage. Collectively, both Runx2 iso-forms showed very similar expression patterns in active bone forming areas; however, Runx2-I has an exclusive role in the early comitment stage of intramembranous or endochondral bone form-ing processes or in cels surrounding permanent cartilage.

비부 파라핀종의 제거와 동시에 시행한 자가진피지방이식을 이용한 융비술

최강영,곽인수,조병채 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.6

Purpose: Paraffin has been used to augment depressed nasal contour for many years by illegally. Reported complications of nasal paraffinoma were skin thinning, displacement of nasal profile, redness, chronic inflammation and malignant change to skin cancer. The current authors report results of the secondary rhinoplasty after excision of nasal paraffinoma. Methods: Through the open rhinoplasty incision, paraffinoma was removed under direct vision. Saline irrigation and meticulous hemostasis were performed. Simultaneously, the secondary depressed nasal deformity was corrected with autogenous dermofat graft harvested from inferior gluteal fold. The dermofat was fixed to the nasofrontal area with bolster suture, and the interdormal area of the tip. Results: A total of 13 patients underwent secondary augmentation with autogenous dermofat graft after removal of paraffinoma from 2000 to 2004. The mean follow-up period was 15 months. There were no postoperative complications. All patients were satisfied with their surgical results. However, there were 10 to 20 percent resorption of the grafted dermofat.Conclusion: It is suggest that autogenous dermofat be one of good materials for the correction of the secondary deformity after removal of nasal paraffinoma. In addition, autogenous dermofat graft presented easy harvesting and manipulation for transfer, high survival rate by firm fixation to the recipient site and stable surgical results.

Discussion: Cephalometric Angular Measurements of the Mandible Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scans in Koreans

최강영,강낙현 대한성형외과학회 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.1

Analysis of Facial Asymmetry

최강영 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2015 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.16 No.1

Facial symmetry is an important component of attractiveness. However, functional symmetryis favorable to aesthetic symmetry. In addition, fluctuating asymmetry is morenatural and common, even if patients find such asymmetry to be noticeable. However,fluctuating asymmetry remains difficult to define. Several studies have shown that a certainlevel of asymmetry could generate an unfavorable image. A natural profile is favorableto perfect mirror-image profile, and images with canting and differences less than3°−4° and 3−4 mm, respectively, are generally not recognized as asymmetry. In thisstudy, a questionnaire survey among 434 medical students was used to evaluate photosof Asian women. The students preferred original images over mirror images. Facialasymmetry was noticed when the canting and difference were more than 3° and 3 mm,respectively. When a certain level of asymmetry is recognizable, correcting it can helpto improve social life and human relationships. Prior to any operation, the anatomicalcomponent for noticeable asymmetry should be understood, which can be divided intohard tissues and soft tissue. For diagnosis, two-and three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetryand radiometry are used, including photography, laser scanner, cephalometry,and 3D computed tomography.

Current Concepts in the Mandibular Condyle Fracture Management Part I: Overview of Condylar Fracture

최강영,양정덕,정호윤,조병채 대한성형외과학회 2012 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.39 No.4

The incidence of condylar fractures is high,but the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle continues to be controversial. Historically, maxillomandibular fixation, external fixation, and surgical splints with internal fixation systems were the techniques commonly used in the treatment of the fractured mandible. Condylar fractures can be extracapsular or intracapsular, undisplaced, deviated, displaced, or dislocated. Treatment depends on the age of the patient, the co-existence of other mandibular or maxillary fractures, whether the condylar fracture is unilateral or bilateral, the level and displacement of the fracture, the state of dentition and dental occlusion, and the surgeonnds on the age of the patient, the co-existence of othefrom which it is difficult to recover aesthetically and functionally;an appropriate treatment is required to reconstruct the shape and achieve the function ofthe uninjured status. To do this, accurate diagnosis, appropriate reduction and rigid fixation, and complication prevention are required. In particular, as mandibular condyle fracture may cause long-term complications such as malocclusion, particularly open bite, reduced posterior facial height, and facial asymmetry in addition to chronic pain and mobility limitation, great caution should be taken. Accordingly, the authors review a general overview of condyle fracture.

Cleft Palate and Congenital Alveolar Synechiae Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

최강영,정호윤,조병채,정기호,양정덕 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2008 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.9 No.1

Cleft palate and congenital alveolar synechia is a rare syndrome. Only eight cases have been previously reported. It consists of a spectrum of facial anomalies always including cleft palate and congenital alveolar synechiae without other abnormalities. This report described an unusual case of congenital alveolar synechial band spanning posterior alveolar of the two jaws with cleft palate. Previously reported cases showed bilaterally or anteriorly located fibrous band. In our department, a new born revealed unilateral posterior synechia. Under brief intravenous sedation, synechium was divided using bipolar diathermy in the nursery at 3 days of age because of poor feeding. This division allowed full jaw opening after brief passive exercise. The patient is growing and maturing as expected with no complications. This patient is supposed to be the first reported case of isolated unilateral alveolar synechium combined with cleft palate in the worldwide.

전산화단층촬영법을 이용한 하악 전돌증 환자의 하악지 시상 골절단술후 하악과두 위치변화 분석

최강영 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1996 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.13 No.-

본교실에서 하악지 시상 골절단순을 시행한 하악전돌증 환자 20명(남자 9명, 여자 11명)을 대상으로 술전, 술직후 장기관찰기간동안의 전산화단층촬영법을 이용한 하악과두의 위치변화와 술전, 술직후, 악간고정제거 24시간후 및 장기관찰기간동안의 측모두부방사선사진에서의 재발과의 상관관계를 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 두부 축방향 전산화단층에서의 과두간거리(MM')는 84.45±4.01mm 였으며, 장축각은 우측 11.89+5.1 9˚ 좌측 11.65±2.09˚로 좌우 비슷하였으며, 기준선(AA')에서 과두의 외측점은 12mm,내측점은 7mm 정도 전방에 위치하였다. 관상면 전산화단층사진에서의 과두간 거리(mm')는 84.43±3.96mm였으며, 사축각은 우측 78.12±3.43˚ 좌측 78.09±6.12˚ 로 좌우 비슷하였다. 2. 술전후 과두위치 변화 (T2C-T1C)는 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나(p>0.05), 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 장기관찰에 따른 회귀성향(TLC-T2C)에서는 LMD,LLD(p<0.05),RLD, RMD(p<0.01), mm'(P<0.001)는 모두 감소하였다. 3. 측면두부방사선사진상에서 술직후와 악간고정제거 24시간후(T3-T2)에서 하악의 초기재발은 통계적인 의의가 없었으며(p>0.05)하악전치의 경우만 평균 0.33mm 전방이동 하였다(p<0.05). NN'L1, NN'Pog, NN'Gn, NN'Me, over-jet에서 통계적인 유의성이 있었으며(p<0.05), NN'L1 1.2%, NN'B 5.0%, NN'Pog 2.0%, NN'Gn 9.1%, NN'Me 10.3%의 총재발량을 보였다, 4. 하악골의 술전, 술후 변화량(T2-T1)이 총재발량에 미치는 영향에 대한 희귀분석에서 후퇴량이 많을수록 하악골의 총재발량이 많은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 5. 하악골 변화량(T2-T1)과 하악과두 변화량 (T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), 하악과두 변화량 (T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C)과 총재발량(TL-T2), 술전 하악과두 형태(T1C)와 하악과두 변화량(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), 그리고 술전 하악골 외형(T1)과 하악과두 변화량 (T2C-T1C,TLC-T2C)에 대하여 단순 및 복잡회귀분석에서 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 6. 술전 하악과두 형태(T1C)가 총재발량(TL-T2)에 미치는 영향에 대한 복잡회귀분석결과 우측과두에서는 과두간 거리가 멀고 장축각이 적고 사축각이 클수록 하악골의 수평적인 재발(NN'L1, NN'B, NN'Pog, NN'Gn, NN'Me)이 많은 것으로 나타났으며 (p<0.05), 좌측과두에서는 NN'L1, NN'Me에서 같은 결과를 보였다. 7. 술전 하악과두 형태 (T1C)가 술전 하악골외형(T1)에 미치는 영향에 대한 복잡회귀 분석결과 우측과두에서는 과두간 거리가 멀고 장측각이 적고 사축각이 클수록 하악골의 수직고경이 큰 것으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 좌측과두에서는 과두간 거리가 멀고 장축각이 적고 사축각이 클수록 수직고경이 크며, 전돌된 양상으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 8. 술전 하악롤 외형(T1)이 총재발량(TL-T2)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 단순희귀분석을 시행한 결과 NN'L1 NN'B, NN'Gn, NN'Me, over-jet 등의 계측점에서 하악골이 전돌된 양상을 보일수록 NN'B에서의 총재발량은 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또 수평피개량(over-jet)이 클수록 NN'B, NN'Pog, NN'Gn, NN'Me에서의 총재발량이 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05).따라서 과두보존술을 이용하여 과두를 안정화시키고 난후 악골 형태를 재구성하였을 때 이로 인하여 생기는 하악과두 이동은 미미하여 술후 재발에 크게 영향을 미칠 정도는 아니라고 사료된다. This study was intended to perform the influence of condyle positional change after surgical correction of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after BSSRO in 20 patients(males 9, female 11) using computed tomogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, immediate, and long term after surgery and lateral cephalogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, 7 days within the period intermaxillary fixation, 24hours after removing intermaxillary fixation and long term after surgery. 1. Mean intercondylar distance was 84.45±4.01nm and horizontal long axis of condylar angle was 11.89±5.19˚ on right, 11.65±2.09˚ on left side and condylar lateral poles were located about 12mm and medial poles about 7mm from reference line(AA') on the axial tomograph. Mean intercondylar distance was 84.43±3.96mm and vertical axis angle of condylar angle was 78.72±3.43˚ on right, 78.09±6.12˚ on left. 2. No statistical significance was found on the condylar change(T2C-T1C) but it had definitive increasing tendency. There was significant decreasing of the distance between both condylar pole and the AA(p<0.05) during the long term(TLC-T2C). 3. On the lateral cephalogram, no statistical significance was found between immediate after surgery and 24 hours after the removing of intermaxillary fixation but only the lower incisor tip moved forward about 0.33mm(p<0.05). 4. There was statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back to the total mandibular relapse(p<0.05) 5. There was no statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back(T2-T1) to the condylar change(T2C-T1C), the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C) to the mandibular total relapse, the pre-operaive condylar position to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), the pre-operative mandibular posture to the condylar change(T2C-T1C,TLC-T2C)(P>0.05). 6. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the total mandibular relapse revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condyalr head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular horizontal relapse(L1,B,Pog,Gn,Me) on the right side condyle. The same result was founded in the case of horizontal relapse(L1,Me) on the left side condyle(P<0.05). 7. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the pre-operative mandibular posture revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condylar head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibulaar vertical length on the right side condyle. and increasing of vertical lengh & prognathism on the left side condyle(p<0.05). 8. The result of simple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative mandibular posture to the mandibular total relapse revealed that the more increasing of prognathism, the more increasing of mandibular total relapse on B and the more increasing of over-jet the more increasing of mandibular total relapse(p<0.05). Consequently, surgical mandibular repositioning was not significantly influenced to the change of condylar position with condylar reposition method.

Current Concepts in the Mandibular Condyle Fracture Management Part II: Open Reduction Versus Closed Reduction

최강영,양정덕,정호윤,조병채 대한성형외과학회 2012 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.39 No.4

In the treatment of mandibular condyle fracture, conservative treatment using closed reduction or surgical treatment using open reduction can be used. Management of mandibular condylar fractures remains a source of ongoing controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma. For each type of condylar fracture,the treatment method must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient’sadaptation, patient’s masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, and deviation of the mandible. In the past, closed reduction with concomitant active physical therapy conducted after intermaxillary fixation during the recovery period had been mainly used, but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of an open or closed method for treatment of condylar fractures, identifying their indications, advantages,and disadvantages, and to appraise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that are used in the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle.

전산화단층촬영법을 이용한 하악 전돌증 환자의 하악지 시상 골절단술후 하악과두 위치변화 분석

이상한,최강영 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.4

This study was intended to perform the influence of condyle positional change after surgical correction of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after BSSRO in 20 patients(males 9, females 11) using computed tomogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, immediate, and long term after surgery and lateral cephalogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, 7 days within the period intermaxillary fixation, 24hour after removing intermaxillary fixation and long term after surgery. 1. Mean intercondylar distance was 84.45 ±4.01㎜ and horizontal long axis of condylar angle was 11.89 ±5.19°on right, 11.65 ±2.09°on left side and condylar lateral poles were located about 12㎜ and medial poles about 7㎜ from reference line(AA') on the axial tomograph. Mean intercondylar distance was 84.43 ±3.96㎜ and vertical axis angle of condylar angle was 78.82 ±3.43°on right, 78.09 ±6.12°on left. 2. No statistical significance was found on the condylar change(T2C-T1C) but it had definitive increasing tendency. There was significant decreasing of the distance between both condylar pole and the AA'(p<0.05) during the long term(TLC-T2C). 3. On the lateral cephalogram, no statistical significance was found between immediate after surgery and 24 hours after the removing of intermaxillary fixation but only the lower incisor tip moved forward about 0.33㎜(p<0.05). Considering individual relapse rate, mean relapse rate was 1.2% on L1, 5.0% on B, 20.% on Pog, 9.1% on Gn, 10.3% on Me(p<0.05). 4. There was statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back to the total mandibular relapse(p<0.05). 5. There was no statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back(T2-T1) to the condylar change(T2C-T1C), the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C) to the mandibular total relapse, the pre-operative condylar position to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), the pre-operative mandibular posture to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C)(p>0.05). 6. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the total mandibular relapse revealed that the more increasing ofintercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condyalr head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular horizontal relapse(L1,B,Pog,Gn,Me) on the right side condyle. The same result was founded in the case of horizontal relapse(L1,Me) on the left side condyle.(p<0.05). 7. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the pre-operative mandibular posture revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condylar head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular vertical length on the right side condyle. and increasing of vertical lengh & prognathism on the left side condyle(p<0.05). 8. The result of simple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative mandibular posture to the mandibular total relapse revealed that the more increasing of prognathism, the more ncreasing of mandibular total relapse in B and the more increasing of over-jet the more increasing of mandibular total relapse(p<0.05). Consequently, surgical mandibular repositioning was not significantly influenced to the change of condylar position with condylar reposition method.