산업재해 요양기관 이용자의 정신건강에 관한 연구

차봉석,박종구,Cha, Bong-Suk,Park, Jong-Ku 대한예방의학회 1986 예방의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Our study was designed to identify the difference in the mental health status among hospitalized patients due to occupational diseases and accidents and pre-employment physical examinees, and to identify the relationship between mental health status and socio-demographic variables, and to provide information useful to non-psychiatric clinicians in caring of such patients. Samples were comprised of 189 pneumoconiotic patients, 132 industrial accident-induced patients and 122 pre-employment physical examinees who were interviewed with 90-item symptom cheklist (SCL-90). The following results were obtained: 1) Mean scores of symptom dimension on socio-demographic subgroup showed higher tendencies in older aged, male, lower educated, miner, married, mining residence, and pneumoconiotic patients. 2) Mean scores of total samples on all symptom dimensions were as follows in the order of their magnitudes; Depression, Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Anxiety, Psychoticism, Interpersonal sensitivity, Phobic-anxiety, Hostility, and Paranoid ideation. 3) The highest mean scores on each socio-demographic subgroup were as follows; Depression in younger aged and Somatization in older aged; Depression in male Somatization in female; Somatization in lower educated and depression in higher educated; Somatization in miners and depression in non-miners; Somatization in married and Depression in unmarried; Depression in all kind of residences; Somatization in patients and Depression in pre-employment physical examinees(normal). 4) In consequence of stepwise multiple regression, the important socio-demographic variables were age, occupation, diagnostic classification, and residence. Age was the most imprtant variable in Somatization, Depression, Obsessive-compulsive, Anxiety, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, and Psychoticism. Occupation was the most important one in Interpersonal sensitivity and Hostility and also had significant realtionships with all symptom dimensions.

기계소(機械騷) 음(音)과 회전(回轉) 속도(速度)

차봉석,Cha, Bong-Suk 대한예방의학회 1977 예방의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Noise pollution, both in the environment and in the workplace, has been recognized as a major health hazard -one that can impair not only a person's hearing but also his physical and mental well-being. As industrialization progresses, the prevalence rate of occupational diseases is increasing, especially hearing loss, which has the highest prevalence rate among the occupational diseases. The major cause of noise is the construction of various large industries without any regulation of noise sources. Therefor, we must establish an enactment to control mechanical noise sources. as soon as possible. For the purpose of controlling the noise source, we must have exact data about such things as the sound level, the frequency of the peak sound and the revolutions per minute (r.p.m.) of the machine (a measure of the power of its motor). This study was undertaken in order to define the noise characteristics, the power of the machine's motor, the change of the sound level and the peak sound as the r.p.m. increases, and the permissible exposure time. The sample size of this study was 74 machines at 11 plants in 6 industries. The results are as follows; 1. The breakdown of the types of mechanical noise noted was : 63.6% continuous normal sound, 26.9% intermittent sound, 4.7% continuous repeating sound and 4.6% impulsive sound. 2. With respect to the type of industry, the overall sound level was the highest in the mechanical industry, with $103.8{\pm}2.8dB(A)$, and lowest in the textile industry, with $89.2{\pm}1.43dB(A)$. 3. With respect to the type of machine, the highest sound level was 124 dB(A) caused by Gauzing(II), in the mechanical industry, and the lowest was 76 dB(A) caused by Attachment (Jup Chack) (I) in the timber industry. 4. The shortest permissible exposure time to Gauzing(II) in the mechanical industry was less than 15 minutes. 5. Among 74 machines, 68.2% of the peak sound was situated in the high frequency range (52.7% at 2 KHz, 4.1% at 4 KHz and 1.4% at 8 KHz). 41.8% of the peak sound was in the middle frequency range (4.1% at 250Hz, 14.8% at 500Hz and 22.9% at 1KHz). 6. If one machine had two motors or more, the peak sound was shifted to the low frequency range. 7. As the r.p.m. increased, the overall and peak sound levels were increased without any change of the frequency of the peak sound. 8. Whenever the machines had the same kind and the same r.p.m., the overall and peak sounds were changed by the physicochemical characteristics of the raw materials and the management.

적출간 관류법을 이용한 카드뮴과 니켈의 간독성 비교

차봉석,장세진,이중우,왕승준,Cha, Bong-Suk,Chang, Sei-Jin,Lee, Jung-Woo,Wang, Seung-Jun 대한예방의학회 2000 예방의학회지 Vol.33 No.1

목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 적출간 관류법을 통하여 염화니켈과 염화카드뮴의 간 독성을 비교하는 데에 두었다. 방법 : AST(aspartate aminotransferase ferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), LDH(lactate dehydrogenase) 등의 간기능을 나타내는 생화학적 지표와 관류속도를 간독성 지표로 이용하였으며 산소 소모율은 생존력을 나타내는 지표로 이용하였다. $300({\pm}50)g$ 정도의 흰쥐를 대조군과 각 노출군($50{\mu}M$ 및 $200{\mu}M$의 염화니켈과 염화카드뮴)에 5마리씩 총 25마리를 무작위로 할당하였다. Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution을 관류액 용도로 제조하여 간문맥에 투입하고 간세포를 통과하여 vena cava로 배출되는 관류액을 일정한 시간 간격을 두고 계속적으로 채취하였으며 채취한 관류액은 간독성 지표를 측정하는 데에 이용하였다. 결과 : AST, ALT, LDH 모두 염하니켈 보다는 염화카드뮴 투여군에서 시간의 경과에 따라 큰 폭으로 증가하였으며 반복 측정된 2요인 분산분석을 실시한 결과, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 생존력은 두 물질 모두에서 시간의 경과에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 결론 : 결론적으로, 이 실험상에서는 염화니켈 보다 염화카드뮴의 간독성이 더욱 강한 것으로 드러났다. 적출간 더욱 강한 것으로 드러났다. 적출간 관류법의 특성상 급성 간독성 평가에서 적절한 기법으로 보이며 국내 연구에서도 이 방법이 널리 이용되기를 기대한다. Objectives : It is the objective of this study to compare hepatotoxicity of nickel chloride and cadmium chloride with each other through IPRL(Isolated Perfused Rat Liver) method. Methods : Biochemical indicator of hepatic function such as AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), LDH(lactate dehydrogenase) and perfusion flow rate were used as the indicator of hepatotoxicity. Oxygen consumption rate were used as vability indicator. $300({\pm}50)g$ - weighted rats were allocated randomly to each group($0{\mu}M,\;50{\mu}M,\;200{\mu}M\;NiCl_2\;and\;CdCl_2$ exposure) by 5, totally 25. After Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate butler solution flowed into the penal vein and passed the liver cell, it flowed out of vena cava. Liver was administered with each $NiCl_2\;and\;CdCl_2$ of each concentration and observed with buffer solution sampling time. Butler which got out of liver was sampled and then biochemical indicator of hepatotoxicity was measured. Results : AST, ALT, and LDH in buffer increased with sampling time much more in $CdCl_2$ exposure group than $NiCl_2$ exposure group in both 50 and $200{\mu}M$ and statistical significance w3s verified with 2-way repeated ANOVA. Viability was decreased more and more in all substances during passed time. Conclusions : It is inferred that $CdCl_2$ has stronger hepatotoxicity than $NiCl_2$. IPRL method would be used widely for acute hepatotoxicity when considerating the benefit of it.

흰쥐에서 카드뮴과 니켈이 혈압에 미치는 효과

차봉석,왕승준,Cha, Bong-Suk,Wang, Seung-Jun 대한예방의학회 2001 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.34 No.2

카드뮴과 니켈이 혈압에 미치는 영향과 더불어 복합적 노출이 혈압에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자, 250 g 정도의 흰쥐를 대조군과 노출군(두 농도의 카드뮴 노출군, 니켈 노출군, 복합노출군)에 각각 10마리씩 할당하고 염화카드뮴과 염화니켈을 생리식염수에 녹여 일주일간 매일 복강 내에 투여한 후 1, 5, 10, 20, 30일 경과 후 혈압의 변화를 관찰하였다. 각각 5회씩 혈압을 측정하였으며 최고치와 최저치를 제외한 3회 측정치의 평균값을 이용하여 각 시간대에서 각 물질간에 혈압의 차이가 있는지 확인하기 위하여 일요인 분산분석을 실시하였으며 시간을 반복측정요인으로 보고 반복측정된 이요인 분산분석을 실시하였다. 혈압의 변화에 있어서 0.1 mg/kg bw의 염화카드뮴 투여 후 1, 5, 10일 째에서 대조군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 주었으며 같은 농도의 염화니켈은 전기간 동안 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 주지 못했다. 이 농도에서 동시 노출시 대조군과는 1, 5, 10일째에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보여 주었으며 염화카드뮴 투여군과는 5일째에서, 염화니켈 투여군과는 5, 10일째에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 주었다. 1.0 mg/kg bw의 염화카드뮴 투여 후 1, 5, 10, 20일째에서 대조군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 주었으며 같은 농도에서 염화니켈의 경우, 1, 5일째에서 대조군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 주었다. 이 농도에서 동시 노출시에는 대조군과 전 시간대에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 주었으며 염화카드뮴 투여군과는 10, 20, 30일째에서, 니켈 투여군과는 5, 10, 20, 30일째에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결과적으로 카드뮴이 니켈에 비하여 혈압의 상승효과가 크며 복합 노출시 혈압의 상승이 오랫동안 지속되었다. Objective : To verify the separate and combined effects of cadmium and nickel on blood pressure in rats. Methods : Following the daily administration of cadmium chloride$(CdCl_2)$ and nickel chloride$(NiCl_2)$ to rats both individually and in combination with intraperitoneal injection method for one week, systolic blood pressure of the tail was measured at 1 day and 5, 10, 20, 30 days after administration. Each substance was injected into the rats with 0.1 mg/kg bw and 1.0 mg/kg bw concentration. Results : After 0.1 mg/kg bw $CdCl_2$ was injected, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group(only saline) after 1, 5 and 10 days. After 0.1 mg/kg bw $NiCl_2$ was injected, a statistically significant difference was not found compared with the control group. After 0.1 mg/kg bw $CdCl_2$ and 0.1 mg/kg bw $NiCl_2$ were injected simultaneously, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group after 1,5 and 10 days and compared with 0.1 mg/kg bw $CdCl_2$ group after 5 days and as compared with 0.1 mg/kg bw $NiCl_2$ group after 5 and 10 days. After 1.0 mg/kg bw $CdCl_2$ was injected, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group after 1, 5, 10 and 20 days. After 1.0 mg/kg bw $NiCl_2$ was injected, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group after 1 day and 5 days. After 1.0 mg/kg bw $CdCl_2$ and 1.0 mg/kg bw $NiCl_2$ were injected in combination, a statistically significant difference was found after 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days as compared with 1.0 mg/kg bw $CdCl_2$ after 10, 20 and 30 days and as compared with 1.0 mg/kg bw $NiCl_2$ after 5, 10, 20 and 30 days. Conclusion : It was found that the effect of $CdCl_2$ on blood pressure was much more than $NiCl_2$ and a high concentration $CdCl_2\;and\;NiCl_2$ in combination delayed the recovery of blood pressure.

직장인의 스트레스와 사회적 지지의 상관성에 관한 연구

차봉석,장세진,박종구,Cha, Bong-Suk,Chang, Sei-Jin,Park, Jong-Ku 대한예방의학회 1992 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.25 No.4

The effects and roles of social support and stressors (stressful life events and chronic strains) on psychosocial distress were examined in a model with data from a sample of the white-collar workers (N=416) in Korea. The findings of this study present that mean levels of psychosocial distress were higher in the female, youth, unmarried and divorced, and low economic status (monthly income). The analysis also shows that, as expected, stressful life and chronic strains as stressors are positively related to occurrence of psychosocial distress, and social support is negatively related to psychosocial distress. Further, the contribution of social support to predicting psychosocial distress is greater in magnitude than that of stressful events, chronic strains, and seciodemographic variables. There is no evidence that social support buffers the impacts of stressors on psychosocial distress, rather social support takes a role of mai or direct effects on psychosocial distress. Therefore, the strength of the social support is an important and meaningful strategy to prevent from stress and mental, physical illness.

산업장 근로자의 직업성 스트레스와 정신건강에 관한 연구

차봉석,장세진,이명근,박종구,Cha, Bong-Suk,Chang, Sei-Jin,Lee, Myung-Keun,Park, Jong-Ku 대한예방의학회 1989 예방의학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Recently concerns on work stress and mental health status of industrial workers were increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the work stress measured by PSI (psychiatric symptom index) according to socio-demographic variables. The study population was consisted with two types of group; manual and clerical workers. The major findings of this study were as follows; Mean scores of psychiatric symptom in manual workers were higher in female, youth, educated, unmarried and divorced, noisy condition, that in clerical workers was higher in aged. Mean scores of psychiatric symptom were highly affected by degree of work autonomy, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in both groups. The higher the work autonomy, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, the lower the mean scores of work stress it showed. Psychiatric symptom index was explained with the work autonomy, self-esteem, self-efficacy through multiple stepwise regression. The annual admission rates were high in highly ranked groups on each psychiatric symptom dimension.

농약의 복합투여가 백서의 혈장 콜린에스테라제 활성도 및 요중 파라-니트로페놀 배설에 미치는 영향

차봉석,박정균,박종구,장세진,Cha, Bong-Suk,Park, Jung-Gyun,Park, Jong-Ku,Chang, Sei-Jin 대한예방의학회 1992 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.25 No.2

The effects of multiple exposures to pesticides on plasma cholinesterase(ChE) activities and urinary p-nitrophenol excretion were evaluated in rats. Rats were received single dose i.p. with $LD_{50}/100(mg/kg)$ of organophosphorous(OP), organophosphorous-organochroline(OP-OC), organophosphorous-carbamate(OP-CAB), organophosphorous-organoarsenate(OP-OA) pesticides for 4 consecutive days. In repeated administration of pesticides, plasma ChE activities were decreased, but urinary p-nitrophenol were increased after the first injection and then decreased gradually The recovery rates of ChE activities and p-nitrophenol excretion at 48 hours after the fourth Injection were delayed in comparision with the baseline value of 24 hours before the first injection. Statistical significances were found between OP and other groups except OP-OA group after the second injection in plasma ChE activities, but in urinary p-nitrophenol excretion there was statistical significance only between OP and OP-CAB.

직업적 특성, 사회심리적 스트레스 및 호모시스테인의 관련성

차봉석,고상백,장세진,Cha, Bong-Suk,Koh, Sang-Baek,Chang, Sei-Jin 대한예방의학회 1998 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.31 No.4

This study was carried out to assess the relationship between jobstrain, psychosocial distress and homocysteine. The study design was cross-sectional, and included 152 industrial workers in middle sized city. A self-adminstered questionnaire measured general characteristic, job strain and psychosocial distress. Blood was drawn into EDTA tube, and total plasma homocysteine was measured by HPLC. Homocysteine in the high job demand group was sagnificantly higher than that in the low job demand. Cholesterol in the high job control group was significantly higher than that in the low job control. Homocysteine was significantly higher in the high job strain group than that in the other group. Folate and vitamin B12 showed a significantly negative correlation with homocysteine. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the psychosocial distress and other variable contributed to explaining the homocysteine. Stress correlates with the homocysteine.

직업성 긴장과 근로자 결근

차봉석,장세진,최홍렬,김형식,고상백,Cha, Bong-Suk,Chang, Sei-Jin,Choi, Hong-Ryul,Kim, Hyong-Sik,Koh, Sang-Baek 대한예방의학회 1999 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.32 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between job strains and absenteeism from work. Methods : The study design was cross-sectional, and the study subjects consisted of 1,166 workers who were employed in the small-sized industries. A self administered questionnaire was used to measure the general characteristics, job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor support) at work. The Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) was used to assess job demand(2 items) and decision lattitude(10 items). Social support at work (10 items) was measured using JCQ. Sick absence was collected using self-report and were rechecked by the attendance record of their company. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between job strain and sick absence were estimated. The modifying effect of social support was evaluated by stratification. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between job strain and sick absence. Results : In the bivariate analysis, the variables related to sick absence were age, marital status, occupation, job demand. Four distinctly different kinds of level of job strain were generated by the combination of job demand and job control: low strain group, high strain group, active group, and passive group. The crude odds ratio of high job strain was 1.78(95% CI: 1.26-2.53), and those of active group and passive group were 1.33(95% CI: 1.07-1.66) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.88-1.47), respectively. The odds ratio of high job strain after adjusting for age and occupation were still significant The odds ratio of high job strain in low social support was 5.96(95% CI: 2.45-14.51), but that in high social support was 0.73(95% CI: 0.26-2.01). Conclusions : Job strain was associated with increased risk of absenteeism from work, and social support at work modified the association between job strain and sick absence.

일부 제조업 근로자의 스트레스와 정신건강에 관한 연구

차봉석,박종구,이명근,장세진,Cha, Bong-Suk,Park, Jong-Ku,Lee, Myung-Keyn,Chang, Sei-Jin 대한예방의학회 1988 예방의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Information on work stress and mental health status of industrial workers was required for optimum staffing and health care management. This study dealt with the relationship between mental health status examined by PSI(psychiatric symptom index) and socio-demographic variables. Especially this study attempted to find relevant determinants of the stress and mental health through multiple stepwise regression analysis based on data obtained from 687 occupational workers. The findings of this study were as follows; Mean scores of symptom dimension were higher in youth, female, more educated, unmarried and divorced, and workers in the noisy condition and short duration in job. And it showed high scores in long duration in job for anxiety; college educated for anger; unmarried for cognitive disturbance. The factors affecting the mean scores of psychiatric symptom index were varied according to the types of symptom: age, sex and duration in job for anxiety; age, sex, living with parent, education and marital status for anger; sex and marital status for depression; noisy condition and sex for cognitive disorder.