특별세션 1 : 유기폐자원 순환이용 현상과 발전방안 ; 저탄소 녹색마을/녹색도시 조성 및 확산 관련 공단의 추진현황과 국내외 사례

진효언 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2013 No.3

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of cefaclor in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies

진효언,맹한주,김유철 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.2

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the positiveelectrospray ionization mode was developed and validatedin order to analyze cefaclor, a second generation cephalosporinantibiotic, in rat plasma. The plasma was pre-treatedby a single step of protein precipitation with methanol, andthen injected directly into the LC/MS/MS system forquantification. Drugs were separated on a Synergi 4lPolar-RP 80 A column (150 9 2.0 mm) with a mixture of0.1 % formic acid and methanol (65 : 35, v/v) as the mobilephase at 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed with multiplereaction-monitoring modes at m/z 368.1 ? 174.2 (forcefaclor) and m/z 396.0 ? 227.1 (for cefdinir, the internalstandard). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determinedto be 10 ng/mL with acceptable linearity rangingfrom 10 to 10,000 ng/mL. Validation parameters for cefaclor,including accuracy, precision, absolute matrix effect,and stability in rat plasma, were acceptable according tothe assay validation guidelines of the FDA (U.S. Departmentof Health & Human Services, Food and DrugAdministration, Guidance for Industry, BioanalyticalMethod Validation, 2001). The developed analyticalmethod was successfully applied to the pharmacokineticstudies of cefaclor in rats. These observations suggest,therefore, that the validated assay can be used in routinepharmacokinetic studies of cefaclor in rats.

산업계 유기성폐기물 바이오가스 생산 효율에 관한 연구

이호령,진효언,신대윤 대한상하수도학회 2012 상하수도학회지 Vol.26 No.5

This study focuses on the feasibility of bio-gas production using anaerobic digestion by measuring methane generation and biodegradability through the BMP test of industrial organic wastes. Organic wastes consist of entrails of pigs and organic residues of rumen generated from slaughter houses, wastewater sludge from slaughter waste water, fish offal and residues of vegetables from public wholesale markets, and wastewater sludge from the process of wastewater treatment in paper mill. The cumulative methane production by BMP test ranges from 149.3 ㎖/g-VS to 406.6 ㎖/g-VS and this is similar to methane generation of the normal wastewater sludge and food waste. As a result of measurement of biodegradability, wastewater sludge (S1~S4) is low, ranging from 27.1% to 58.9% and organic residues of rumen (G1) is low at 49.6%. In conclusion, it turned out that raising the hydrolysis by various pre-treatments is necessary in order to produce bio-gas by using industrial organic wastes. This study focuses on the feasibility of bio-gas production using anaerobic digestion by measuring methane generation and biodegradability through the BMP test of industrial organic wastes. Organic wastes consist of entrails of pigs and organic residues of rumen generated from slaughter houses, wastewater sludge from slaughter waste water, fish offal and residues of vegetables from public wholesale markets, and wastewater sludge from the process of wastewater treatment in paper mill. The cumulative methane production by BMP test ranges from 149.3 ㎖/g-VS to 406.6 ㎖/g-VS and this is similar to methane generation of the normal wastewater sludge and food waste. As a result of measurement of biodegradability, wastewater sludge (S1~S4) is low, ranging from 27.1% to 58.9% and organic residues of rumen (G1) is low at 49.6%. In conclusion, it turned out that raising the hydrolysis by various pre-treatments is necessary in order to produce bio-gas by using industrial organic wastes.

Altered Pharmacokinetics and Hepatic Uptake of TBuMA in Ethynylestradio-Induced Cholestasis

홍순선,최종문,진효언,심창구 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.4

The objective of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of organic cations in intrahepatic cholestatic rats. A pretreatment with 17α-ethynylestradiol was used to induce intrahepatic cholestasis, and tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA) was used as a representative model organic cation. When [3H]TBuMA was intravenously administered, the AUC value for TBuMA was significantly increased by 79% in cholestasis, and its total systemic clearance was consequently decreased by 46%. In addition, the in vivo hepatic uptake clearance of TBuMA from the plasma to the liver was decreased by 50% in cholestasis. The concentration of bile salts in plasma was increased by 2.1 fold in cholestatic rats. Since TBuMA forms ion-pair complexes with anionic components such as bile salts, the decreased hepatic uptake of TBuMA in cholestasis may be due to a change in endogenous components, e.g., bile salts in the plasma. In isolated normal hepatocytes, the uptake clearance for TBuMA in the presence of cholestatic plasma was decreased by 20% compared with normal plasma. Therefore, we conclude that the inhibition of the hepatic uptake process by the cholestasis may be in part due to the increased formation of ion-pair complexes of TBuMA with bile salts in the plasma.

폐자원 활용시설 종합관리시스템 개발

이미경,안영미,손창인,오세홍,진효언 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2012 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.-

Effect of Ion-Pair Formation with Bile Salts on the In Vitro Cellular Transport of Berberine

Hye-Won Chae,김인화,진효언,김대덕,정석재,심창구 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.1

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ion-pair complexation with endogenous bile salts on the transport of a quarternary ammonium organic cationic (OC) drug, berberine, across the Caco-2 and LLC-PK1 cell monolayers. The basolateral-to-apical (BL-AP) transport of berberine in Caco-2 cells was temperature dependent and 10-fold higher than that of the apical-to-basolateral (AP-BL) transport. Similar results were observed for the transport of berberine across the LLC-PK1 cells. Moreover, the BL-AP transport in the Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced by the cis-presence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors such as cyclosporine A, verapamil, and digoxin. These results suggest that an efflux transporter, probably P-gp, is involved in the Caco-2 cell transport. The Km and Vmax values for the carrier-mediated transport were estimated to be 83.4 mM and 7640 pmole/h/cm2, respectively. The apparent partition coefficient (APC) of berberine between n-octanol and a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was increased by the presence of an organic anion (OA), taurodeoxycholate (TDC, a bile salt), suggesting the formation of a lipophilic ion-pair complex between an OC (berberine) and an OA (TDC). Despite the ion-pair complexation, however, the BL-AP transport of berberine across the Caco-2 and LLC-PK1 cells was not altered by the cis-presence of bile salts or the rat bile juice. This is consistent with the reportedly unaltered secretory transport of a quarternary ammonium compound, tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA), across the Caco-2 cell monolayers in the cis-presence of bile salts or the rat bile juice, but not with our previous report in which the secretory transport of TBuMA across the LLC-PK1 cell was increased in the cis-presence of TDC. Therefore, the effect of ion-pair formation with the bile components or bile salts on the secretory transport of OCs appears to depend on the molecular properties of OCs (e.g., molecular weight, lipophilicity and affinity to relevant transporters) and the characteristics of cell strains (e.g., expression and contribution of responsible transporters to the transport).

음식물류폐기물과 축산분뇨의 혼합소화를 위한 최적 조건 설정에 관한 연구

박진규,정새롬,강정희,안영미,진효언,이남훈 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2012 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.29 No.4

In this study, optimization of anaerobic co-digestion for food and livestock wastes was studied by an experimental design method. A central composite design (CCD) was applied in designing experiments. Selected two independent variables for this study were initial substrate concentration and mixing rate of livestock wastes. The ranges of experiment for initial substrate concentration and mixing rate of livestock wastes were 2~10 g-VS/L and 0~100%, respectively. Selected responses were methane yield, maximum methane production rate and volatile solids (VS) removal rate. The experimental design was analyzed using a response surface methodology (RSM). Models obtained by the RSM were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA demonstrated that the models were highly significant. Optimal conditions obtained for the models were initial substrate concentration of 2.1 g-VS/L and mixing rate of livestock wastes of 48.8%, respectively. The measured values under the optimal conditions were well in agreement with the predicted values from the models. Thus, it showed that the CCD and RSM were appropriate for determination of an optimal mixing condition in the anaerobic co-digestion process for food and livestock wastes.

Three-Dimensional Printing for Oral Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Kim Ji Hoon,Kim Kyeongjin,진효언 한국약제학회 2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.52 No.3

Background The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printers in the pharmaceutical industry is making a leap forward. 3D printing technology can be applied to patient-friendly drug development by adjusting drug dose, shape, flavor, and dug release pattern to meet individual patient needs. Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms can be printed using various 3D printing technologies, and it is necessary to understand the characteristics and applied conditions of each printing technology. Area covered This article covers five commonly used 3D printing technologies (binder jetting, material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, material jetting, and powder bed fusion) and the properties of four oral pharmaceutical dosage forms (immediate-release tablets, modified-release tablets, orodispersible tablets, and orodispersible films) produced using 3D printing technology. Expert opinion 3D printing technologies are suitable for preparing drugs in oral dosage forms. Based on the understanding of the factors of 3D printing that influence drug release, it is possible to develop patient-friendly 3D-printed drugs for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

2023년 FDA 승인 펩타이드 의약품

정혜웅(Hye Ung Jeong),오창민(Changmin Oh),진효언(Hyo-Eon Jin),정종화(Jong-Wha Jung) 대한약학회 2024 약학회지 Vol.68 No.2

Peptide drugs generally show high performance in terms of safety, target affinity, and efficacy, but have limitations such as low bioavailability and short half-life. To improve this, new synthetic and analytical techniques have been developed, and the global market for peptide drugs has made great strides in the past few years, with novel peptide drugs being applied to multiple therapeutic areas. In line with this trend, 5 out of 55 new molecular entities (NMEs) approved by the FDA in the year 2023 were peptide drugs, which is an increasing trend in the last few years. In this review article, we will discuss the mechanisms of action and clinical indications, chemical structure and design, and pharmacokinetic perspectives of 6 FDA-approved peptide drugs in 2023 including 5 NMEs.