부산지방에서의 해륙풍 Simulation ( A Simulation of the Land and Sea Breeze in Pusan )

진병화,문승의,김유근 한국대기환경학회 1991 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Vegetation Canopy 의 접지층 환경에 대한 열적 영향 제1부 : 수치실험 Numerical Experiment

진병화,황수진 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

To estimate the thermal effect of the vegetation canopy on the surface sublayer environment numerically, we used the combined model of Pielke's^1) single layer model for vegetation and Deardorff's^2) Force restore method(FRM) for soil layer. Application of present combined model to three surface conditions, ie., unsaturated bare soil, saturated bare soil and saturated vegetation canopy, showed followings; The diurnal temperature range of saturated vegetation canopy is only 20K, while saturated bare soil and unsaturated bare soil surface are 30K, 35K, respectively. The maximum temperature of vegetation canopy occurs at noon, about 2 hours earlier than that of the non-vegetation cases. The peak latent heat fluxes of vegetation canopy is simulated as a 600Wm^-2 a at 1300 LST. They have higher values during afternoon than beforenoon. Furthermore, the energy redistribution ratios to latent heat fluxes also increased in the late afternoon. Therefore, oasis effect driving from the vegetation canopy is reinforced during late afternoon compared with the non-vegetated conditions.

분지내의 야간 접지역전층 변화와 관련된 기상요소에 대한 연구

진병화,황수진 한국환경과학회 1998 한국환경과학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Meteorological measurements were carried out in the basin of Cheong-Kwan located Yang-San near Pusan city, from Oct. 30 to Nov. 1, 1988. According to the measured data, we verified the close relationship between the variation of nocturnal inversion layer and the meteorological elements. The nocturnal inversion layer by radiative cooling in this site extends up to 130 meters or so. And the nocturnal jet appears just above or at the top of the inversion layer, and the stronger of the prevailing wind blows, and the lower of the jet level appears. Some meteorological features such as heating, cooling etc., began to change in or in the slightly higher level of the inversion layer, when they are formed, reinforced and disappeared. And the air in the basin preserves its character because it is not affected by local scale air flow.

김해공항 시정장애 원인의 통계적 분석

진병화,황수진,박만성 한국환경과학회 1996 한국환경과학회지 Vol.5 No.6

To research the cause of the low and the poor visibility phenomena of Kimhae international airport statistically, we analyzed the field routine data for the last five years from 1985 to 1989. The poor visibilities below l㎞, 3㎞, and 5㎞ usually occurred at about 6 o'clock in the morning under the condition of calm or light wind from south to southwest direction, and lasted for from 1 to 3 hours. They were caused by the radiative cooling and the inflow of moisture from the South Sea. The frequency of the low visibility(below 9㎞) recorded 48.1% a year. And the low visibility below 8㎞ with relative humidity below 70% often occurred in the case of southeast, southwest, and northwest wind. And it reveals a peak at 11:00 a.m.. It is supposed to be caused by the pollutants flowing from the neighbouring industrial complex, Sasang, Jangnim and by the photochemical reaction. And, when the industrial complex is built in Sinho, Myongji, Noksan located southwest, and Changyu area located northwest direction from Kimhae international airport, the visibility and the air pollution may become worse and worse by the increased pollutants.

증발량 추정을 위한 지표면 가용 수분 계수

진병화,황수진 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.5

In order to discuss the differences among the SMAP(Surface Moisture Availability Parameter), by previous researchers on the basis of their own theoretical and empirical background, we assessed the SMAP according to the soil types and volumetric soil water contents. The results are as follows. There are differences among all the five SMAPs. There's a tendency that the larger grain size, the higher value of parameters. And they divided into two groups for their value: one group has parameters with exponential function and the other with cosine and linear function. The maximum difference between the two groups appears when the volumetric soil water contents are 0.07㎥m^-3 for sand, 0.11㎥m^-3 for loam, 0.12 for clay, and 0.13㎥m^-3 for silt loam. So, these differences must be considered when we estimate the surface evaporation rate. From field data, the paddy field soil around Junam reservoir is classified as a silt, has high wetness, 0.56. So, the parameter obtained from the field measurement is much higher than that of Clapp and Hornberger(1978)'s Table. This study treated the SMAP for a certain point of time in winter season. But if we measured the soil water contents continuously, we could obtain better time-dependent parameter.

Vegetation Canopy 의 접지층 환경에 대한 열적 영향 : 제 2 부 : 벼 식피층 관측 Measurement for Rice Vegetation Canopy

진병화,황수진 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

To verify the accuracy of the numerical experiment of Part I, measurements at the matured rice canopy located around Junam reservoir were performed at August 14, 1995. According to the measured data, the foliage temperature recorded the highest value, and the ground temperature was the lowest around noon, and these results coincided with those of the numerical experiment using the combined model of Part I. From the estimation using measured data, the maximum value of the latent heat flux was 380 Wm^-2, the highest value among energy balance terms, and the energy redistribution ratio of the latent heat flux was averaged as 0.5, the highest values among redistribution ratios. These results are the same as those of the numerical experiment in tendency, but they reveals a little lower in the absolute values than those from the numerical experiment.

녹지대 분포가 도시 지역의 소기후에 미치는 영향

진병화,변희룡 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Through numerical experiment using simplified OSU-ID PBL(Oregon State University One-Dimensional Planetary Boundary Layer) model and field measurement, we studied the impacts of vegetation canopy on heat island that was one of the characteristics of local climate in urban area. It was found that if the fraction of vegetation was extended by 10 percent, the maximum air temperature and the maximum ground temperature can come down about 0.9℃, 2.3℃, respectively. Even though the field measurement was done under a little unstable atmospheric condition, the canopy air temperature was lower in the daytime, and higher at night than the air and ground temperature. This result suggests that the extention of vegetation canopy can bring about more pleasant local climate by causing the oasis, the shade and the blanket effect.

난방 연료 절약에 대한 한지-유리 창호의 효과

진병화,황수진 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 環境硏究報 Vol.14 No.1

Air pollutants due to the combustion of fossil fuel can be reduced by making specially designed glass windows with Korean paper. The heat transfer coefficients were estimated from the manufactured three types of experimental glass, paper-glass, paper-air-glass window. And they were calculated as 8.961×10^-2 ㎡ ℃ for glass, 1.531×10^-1 ㎡ ℃ W^-1 for paper-glass, and 1.855×10^-1 ㎡ ℃ W^-1 for paper- air-glass window. And heat outflow rates from indoor to outdoor through these three types of window are high when the outdoor temperatures is low, and vise versa. The fuel of a 102.3 ㎡ apartment was spared by 41.5% in the case of Korean paper-glass window, 51.7% of Korean paper-air-glass window compared with glass window. And heat transmission was reduced by 53% in the case of paper-pair glass compared with pair glass window. Therefore, the air pollution which due to the domestic heating and cooling can be reduced about 41.5%~53% from the use of glass window with Korean paper.

Vegetation Canopy의 열적 효과에 관한 수치실험

진병화,황수진 한국기상학회 1996 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.-

大邱市內 住宅 및 街路 周邊에 堆積된 먼지중의 重金屬 含量

陳炳和,朴弘鎭,金斗熙 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.2

대구직할시내 주택 및 가로변에 퇴적된 먼지중의 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 아연, 구리, 철)함량을 조사하기 위해 1991년 7월부터 9월까지 총 74개 지점(공단지역 11, 번화가 9, 상가 6, 도로변 15, 주거지역 15, 공원지역 11, 외곽지역 4)을 선정하여 퇴적된 먼지를 채취하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시내 전 지역의 각 중금속 평균함량은 납은 3.929±3.018ppm, 카드뮴은 0.444±0.273ppm, 아연은 73.425ppm±8.469ppm, 구리는 16.297±9.868ppm, 철은 92.774±50.332ppm이었다. 각 지역의 중금속 평균함량을 대구시의 외곽지역인 대조지역과 비교했을 때 철을 제외한 모든 중금속이 대조지역보다 전체적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 이중에 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 함량을 나타낸 지역을 보면 납은 공단지역, 카드뮴, 아연 및 구리는 공원지역을 제외한 모든 지역에서, 철은 공단지역과 주거지역에서 였다. 거주지역을 빈민가와 아파트로 구분했을 때 빈민가에서는 모든 중금속의 함량이 아파트 단지보다 높게 나타났으나 그 중 유의하게 높은 함량을 보인 것은 아연(p<0.01)과 철(p<0.05)이었다. This study was conducted to investigate the content of heavy metals remaining in the accumulated dust around the house and road side in Taegu city. Samples were collected from 74 sites-eleven industrial, nine busy street, six commercial, fifteen road side, eleven park-during July to September 1991. Control was 4 samples from greenbelt. The weight of a sample was ten grams and each samples was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer( Model, IL. 551). It was noted that the average content of heavy metals in all areas was 3.929±8.018ppm in lead, 0.444±0.273ppm in cadmium, 73.425±8.469ppm in zinc, 16.297±9.868ppm in copper and 92.774±50.332ppm in iron. When the average content of heavy metals of areas except a greenbelt of Taegu city was compared with control, it was noted that the content of all heavy metals except iron was higher than that of control. The areas that the average content was higher than that of controls in statistical significance were industrial in lead, all areas except the park in cadmium, zinc and copper, industrial and residental area in iron. When a slum of residental are was compared with apartment houses of that, the content of all heavy metals of a slum was higher than that of apartment, but the statistical significance was noted in zinc and iron.