우모분과 모발분의 사료가치 비교시험

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ),강유성 ( Y S Kang ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Chicken feather was processed with alkali as well as autoclaving, to compare the feeding value of feather meal of both processing methods. Studies were also to compare the nutritive values of human-hair meal and feather meal for poultry. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Pepsin digestability of alkali processed feather meal was very much comparable to that of autoclaving, indicating that either alkali treatment or autoclaving is applicable to process raw feathers for feather meal production. 2) Prior treatment of raw feather with dilute alkali shortens the autoclaving time of processing feather, and the feeding value of processed feather was also improved over that of the feather meal processed with autoclaving alone. 3) The feeding trials indicate that the group of chickens fed alkali treated hair meal is equally well responded with that of alkali treated feather meal, showing both feather meal and hair meal could be replaceable each other as a nutritive ingredient for poultry. 4) Both feather meal and hair meal could be added in feed up to 4% to replace soybean meal or fish meal or both without exerting any adverse effects on the growth.

Perspective on Modifying Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Eggs

지규만(Kew-Mahn Chee) 한국가금학회 2003 한국가금학회 심포지움 Vol.- No.-

초생추에 대한 임박의 사료이용성에 관한 연구

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This experiment was conducted to increase the nutritive value of perilla meal and to investigate the presence of the growth inhibiting factor in the meal. The first feeding test was carried out with F₁ chicks between W. Rock and W. Cornish which were fed the diets containing 0, 15, 20 and 25% of perilla meal from one day to 4 weeks of age. And two types of perilla meal treated by dry autoclaving at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. were also fed at 20% level of diet, respectively. The second feeding test was carried out with S.C.W. Leghorn which were fed the diets containing 0, 15 and 25% of perilla meal for 3 weeks. Each perilla meal treated as follows was added into the diets at level of 25%. 1. autoclaved at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. and washed with water. 2. autoclaved 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. and unwashed. 3. boiled for 30 min. and washed. 4. Soaked with tap water for 8 hrs. and washed. Each experimental diet was prepared to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The experimental results obtained were as follows: No significant difference was found in body weight gain between chicks fed no treated high level of perilla meal and fed control diet in both experiments. Although, no significant difference was observed in feed efficiency between chicks of each levels of perilla meal, feed efficiency was decreased as the level of perilla meal was increased. In test Ⅰ, dry autoclaving of perilla meal gave no effect on weight gain or feed efficiency of chicks. In test Ⅱ, the treatments of wet autoclaving, boiling and water soaking of periila meal following washing, respectively, decreased weight gain of chicks compared with that of control group. But chicks fed perilla meal treated by autoclaving-unwashed was increased weight gain more than that of control group with no significant. Decrease in nitrogen retention percent was observed among the groups fed perilla meal at levels of 15 and 25% of no treatment and treated by autoclaving-washing or water-soaking-washed, and these were significant at 5% level. It can be concluded that there is no growth inhibiting factor in perilla meal because chicks fed high levels of perilla meal showed normal growth and fed various physical treatments of perilla meal gave no increase in weight gain.

Broiler 용추에 대한 탤로의 첨가효과에 관한 연구

지규만 ( K M Chee ),이인형 ( I H Lee ),이영상 ( Y S Lee ),설동섭 ( D S Sul ) 한국축산학회 1968 한국축산학회지 Vol.10 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the feeding effects of bleachable fancy tallow and to determine the proper supplementation level of tallow in broiler diets. Two trials involving lots (Control, Test 1, Test 2) of 120 male and female Nichols chicks with 2 replications fed 24% level of protein in each trial conducted for 8 weeks. Starters were given to chicks from 1 day of age to 4 weeks of age and finishers from 5 to 8 weeks of age. Tallow was supplemented to each experimental diets at the levels of 0, 4 and 8% in starter and 0, 5 and 10% in finisher replacing ground yellow corn and soybean oil meal. Calorie-protein ratios based on metabolizable energy were 57.9, 58.2 and 60.2 in starter and 60.9, 64.4 and 66.0 in finisher, respectively. No significant differences were observed in growth rate and feed intake. Feed conversion, however, was improved by 3.9 and 8.3% in female Test 1 and Test 2, respectively and by 4.9 and 6.3% in male Test 1 and Teat 2. The differences in feed conversion efficiency were significant only in male at the level of 5% but the difference between Test 1 and Test 2 and was not significant.

초생추에 대한 닭 불가식내장 Silage 급여 사양시험

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of poultry inedible viscera silage. The poultry viscera was ensiled for a period of 2 weeks prior to the feeding experiment. For the experiment, 10% dried silage or the amount of wet silage equivalent to the 10% dried silage was added to the ration to replace 5% soybean meal or 3% fish meal. 5 or 7% yellow corn was also taken out from the ration to make the replacement on a weight to weight basis. The experimental results obtained are as follow. When soybean meal or fish meal was replaced with wet silage, body weight gain for the experiment groups was increased significantly at 5% level or better, compared with that of control. This was also true for the groups fed with dry silage replaced with fishmeal. For the feed efficiency, the chicks received wet silage were also responded favorably over that of control, but little statistical significance was observed between two groups.

우모분의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This feeding experiment was carried out to compare the nutritive value of feather meal with that of perilla meal or soybean meal at 2 and 4% levels. Feather meal was replaced with perilla meal at 2 and 4% levels of soybean meal by weight to weight basis. Also with day old of the cross between W. Rock and W. Cornish were alloted into 4 treatments with 3 replications involving a total of 96 chicks and the experiments were run for a period of 4 weeks. The experimental results obtained were as follows. The results indicate that the values of weight gain have little statistical significant difference between the groups of perilla and feather meal. This is also true for the groups of feather meal replaced with soybean. As for the feed efficiency, the groups of feather meal replaced with perilla or soybean meals are favorably responded over the control groups of perilla or soybean meal and these are shown to be significant at 1% level. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that feathermeal can be used upto 4% level to replace with perilla meal, and to the levels of 2% in the case of soybean meal replaced.

채종박의 물리적처리가 초생추의 성장에 미치는 영향

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This experiment was conducted to test the effect of physical treatments of rapeseed meal on chick growth and to seek the optimum level of supplementation to chick diet. Rapeseed meal was added to the diets at 0, 10 and 15% levels to replace soybean meal on a weight to weight basis. At 15% level of diet, three treatments of rapeseed meal; autoclaving at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. following washing, or nonwashing, and water soaking for 8 hrs. following washing were tested for the possibility of removing the growth inhibiting factor. A total of 224 Starbro chicks for the broiler were alloted into 32 per treatment with 2 replications during 5 weeks of experimental period from one day old. The results obtained are as follows: The best results are obtained in growth rate and feed efficiency from the chicks fed the rapeseed meal treated by water soaking and washing. This group shows significant increase in weight gain at 5% level compared with that of 15% level of no treated rapeseed meal. This result indicates that water soaking and washing treatment of rapeseed meal can alleviate the effect of goitrogenic factor in it better than the others. As for the groups fed 10% level of rapeseed meal, the growth rate was as good as the group fed control ration, but feed efficiency was appeared to be worse than that of control with no significance.

닭에서 순대사에너지 ( TME ) 의 측정을 위한 사료급여방법과 여러 요인의 영향에 관한 조사

지규만(Kew M . Chee),조진환(Jin H . Jo),강면희(Myun H . Kang),한인규(In K . Han) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Factors affecting the measurement of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and true metabolizable energy (TME) of diets were studied in terms of feeding methods, breeds and ages. Each group of 8 SCWL male chicks of 17 weeks old was 1) forced-fed air dried diets, 2) forced-fed wet blended diets, and 3) fed air dried diets as a meal. The diets fed were for chick starter, grower and layer. The TME values of the diets obtained by the feeding methods were not significantly different. Method 2) resulted in significantly (p$lt;0.05) lower coefficient of variation in energy values of the diets than the other groups. Meal-feeding for 30 minutes appeared enough for the birds to consume more diets than by forced-feeding. Two groups of 6 birds of BPR x NH crossbred of 8 and 18 weeks of age, and a group of SCWL of 22 weeks of age were forced-fed the diets blended with water. AME or THE values of the diets were not significantly affected by differences in breeds or ages. TME tended to appear less variable than AME values. While the younger birds tended to show less gross energy excretion, the amount of G.E. excreted based on ㎏ body weight were fairly consistent among the chicken of various age groups. The amount of gross energy excreted during 30 hours of fasting was 0.256 and 0.253 ㎉/㎏ body weight/hour for the SCWL and the crossbred, respectively.

대두단백질 및 카제인 섭취가 병아리의 혈액 Cholesterol 함량에 미치는 영향 비교

지규만(Kew Mahn Chee),김영미(Young Mee Kim),전지영(Jee Young Juhn),최인숙(In Sook Choi),오미향(Mi-Hyang Oh) 韓國家禽學會 2010 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

대두단백질(ISP)이 혈액 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여, 카제인, 어분, 쌀단백질, 옥수수 단백질(글루텐 밀) 등과 함께 이들을 각각 함유한 반정제(semi-purified) 사료를 2주간 병아리에게 급여하였다. 병아리는 쥐에 비해 혈액 콜레스테롤에 예민하게 반응하며, 인체의 지질 실험 모델로 더 적합한 동물이다. 각 단백질 사료 마다 NRC 요구량을 기준하여 부족한 필수아미노산(lysine, arginine 등)을 첨가하였다. 모든 실험 사료는 강제 급이 방식으로 1일 3회 급여하여 아미노산을 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취량을 동일하게 하였다. 실험 2에서는 모든 사료에 콜레스테롤을 0.3% 수준으로 첨가하여 급여하였다. 카제인군의 병아리 증체량이 두 실험 모두 가장 저조하였고(P<0.05), 대두단백질과 어분군의 성장률이 가장 좋았다. 카제인군은 실험 1, 2에서 혈액 총콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, TG 함량이 유의하게 가장 높았고, 대두단백질 군은 다른 단백질군(쌀 · 옥수수단백질, 어분)과 대체로 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 어분군은 실험 2에서 혈액 콜레스테롤이 대두 · 쌀 · 옥수수단백질군 보다 유의하게 더 높았다. 카제인군은 간 중량이 두 실험 모두 가장 무거웠고 간의 콜레스테롤 및 총지질 함량 도 가장 많았다. 반면에 어분군은 콜레스테롤 함량을 제외하고 대두 · 쌀 · 옥수수단백질 군과 같은 수준을 보였다. 카제인군에서 나타난 고콜레스테롤혈증(hypercholesterolemia)은 전형적인 Lys- Arg 길항 작용에 의한 결과이며, 카제인을 섭취한 대부분의 동물에서 나타나는 현상이다. 반면에 대두단백질과 쌀단백질, 옥수수단백질 및 어분군의 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량이 비슷하게 나타나는 것은 사료 Lys/Arg 비율이 카제인만큼 심하게 높지 않기 때문이라고 생각된다. 결론적으로 대두단백질군의 저콜레스테롤 혈증(hypocholesterolemia)은 카제인에 비교할 때만 나타나는 상대적인 현상으로, 대두단백질 자체가 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하시킬 수 있는 독자적인 기능을 갖고 있지 않다고 판단된다. Hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein was examined in comparison with casein and three other dietary protein sources in chicks. In two feeding trials, 40 (Expt.1) or 50 (Expt. 2), three-day-old, male chicks were forced-fed each of five semi-purified-type diets containing isolated soy protein (ISP, cp 82%), casein (cp 92%), rice protein (RP, cp 70%), corn gluten meal (CGM, cp 65%) or fish meal (FM, cp 70%) for two weeks. The diets for Expt. 2 were supplemented with 0.3% cholesterol by replacing glucose. Each protein source was the only source of protein of each diet. Essential amino acids were added to the diets to satisfy their requirements according to NRC. The diets were forced-fed to equalize the intake of all nutrients except the amino acids which were inherently variable in the diets. Chicks fed casein showed lower body weight gain than those fed the other proteins in both experiments. Birds fed ISP and FM gained better body weight than the others. Chicks fed casein showed significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) than those fed ISP and the other protein sources. Meanwhile, the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM showed comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and TG. In Expt. 2, the birds fed casein and FM showed markedly elevated plasma total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels. Liver weight and levels of total lipids and cholesterol of chicks fed casein appeared significantly higher than those of the other protein diets, whereas those of the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM appeared comparable except cholesterol in FM group. In conclusion, only the chicks fed casein diets in both experiments always showed significantly higher levels of plasma cholesterol and TG compared to those fed ISP and the other protein sources. These results support the views that casein, which has unique lysine-arginine ratio, is inherently hyper-cholesterolemic, and ISP is hypocholesterolemic only when compared to casein.

병아리 사료에서 일반대사에너지와 순대사에너지의 이론적 정확성 비교를 위한 실험

지규만(Chee Kew-Mahn),박종호(Park Chong-Ho) 韓國營養學會 1992 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.25 No.7