고추와 배추 재배지에서 요소분해효소 억제제 함유 원예용 비료 시용에따른 아산화질소 배출 저감 효과

주옥정,임갑준,이상덕,원태진,박중수,강창성,홍순성,강남구 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.4

BACKGROUND: About 81% of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural land to the atmosphere is due to nitrogen (N) fertilizer application. Mitigation of N2O emissions can be more effective in controlling biochemical processes such as nitrification and denitrification in the soil rather than decreasing fertilizer application. The use of urease inhibitors is an effective way to improve N fertilizer efficiency and reduce N2O emissions. Several compounds act as urease inhibitors, but N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) has been used worldwide. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hot pepper and chinese cabbage were cultivated in five treatments: standard fertilizer of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(N-P-K, NP2O5- K2O: 22.5-11.2-14.9 kg/ha for hot pepper and N-P2O5-K2O: 32.0-7.8-19.8 kg/ha for chinese cabbage), no fertilizer, and NBPT-treated fertilizer of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times of nitrogen basal application rate of the standard fertilizer, respectively in Gyeonggi-do Hwaseong-si for 2 years(2015-2016). According to application of NBPTtreated fertilizer in hot pepper and chinese cabbage, N2O emission decreased by 19-20% compared to that of the standard fertilizer plot. CONCLUSION: NBPT-treated fertilizer proved that N2O emissions decreased statistically significant in the same growth conditions as the standard fertilization in the hot pepper and chinese cabbage cultivated fields. It means that NBPT-treated fertilizer can be applied for N fertilizer efficiency and N2O emissions reduction.

벼논에서 미량 아산화질소 플럭스의 정량을 위한 실용적 방법

주옥정,강남구,소호섭,박중수 한국농림기상학회 2022 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.24 No.4

In order to accurately calculate greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural field, Korea has been developing national-specific emission factors through direct measurement of gas fluxes using the closed-chamber method. In the rice paddy, only national-specific emission factors for methane (CH4) have been developed. It is thus necessary to develop those for nitrous oxide (N2O) affected by the application of nitrogen fertilizer. However, since the concentration of N2O emission from rice cultivation is very low, the QA/QC methods such as method detection and practical quantification limits are important. In this study, N2O emission from a rice paddy was evaluated affected by the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, by taking into account both method detection and practical quantification limits for N2O concentration. The N2O emission from a rice paddy soils affected by the nitrogen fertilizer application was estimated in the following order. The method detection limit (MDL) of N2O concentration was calculated at 95% confidence level based on the pooled standard deviation of concentration data sets using a standard gas with 98 nmol/mol N2O 10 times for 3 days. The practical quantification limit (PQL) of the N2O concentration is estimated by multiplying 10 to the pooled standard deviation. For the N2O flux data measured during the rice cultivation period in 2021, the MDL and PQL of N2O concentration were 18 nmol/mol and 87 nmol/mol, respectively. The measured values above the PQL were merely about 12% of the total data. The cumulative N2O emission estimated based on the MDL and PQL was higher than the cumulative emission without nitrogen fertilizer application. This research would contribute to improving the reliability in quantification of the N2O flux data for accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties. 본 연구에서는 벼 재배 부문 질소 비료 시용에 따른 N2O 배출량 평가를 위해 경기도 화성시 경기도농업기술원 내 벼논에서 폐쇄형 챔버법으로 측정하였으며, 미량의 N2O 배출량이 과소평가되지 않도록 현장 측정 플럭스 자료에 대한 방법검출한계(MDL; Method Detection Limit)와 실용정량한계(PQL; Practical Quantitation Limit)를 산정하고 이를 바탕으로 QA/QC 방법을 설정하여 원시자료와 QA/QC 방법을 수행한 N2O 배출량을 비교하였다. 벼 재배 표준시비량인 3요소 N-P2O5-K2O = 90-45-57 kg ha-1 기준 질소 0배, 1배, 1.5배, 2배로 4처리하여 평가한 N2O 배출량 변화에서는 N2O 배출량이 가장 적었던 질소 0배 처리구 외에는 원시자료와 QA/QC 방법을 수행한 자료 모두 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 질소 비료 시용량이 많을수록 N2O 배출량이 높게 나타나 질소 1배 처리구 대비 질소 2배 처리구는 191% 높게 나타났다. 질소 시비량에 따른 N2O 배출량의 회귀관계 분석에서는 지수회귀모형에서 결정계수가 가장 높았으며, 선형회귀모형으로 산정한 기본배출계수는 IPCC에서 제공하는 기본 배출계수 값과 동일하게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 농업부문 온실가스 배출량 산정을 위해 보편적으로 사용하고 있는 폐쇄형 챔버법의 플럭스 자료에 대한 QA/QC 방법을 제시하고, 원시자료와의 비교분석을 통해 질소 비료 시비에 따른 벼논에서 발생하는 N2O 배출량에 대한 신뢰성 있는 평가가 가능한 것으로 판단할 수 있다.

벼논 메탄 플럭스 측정용 폐쇄형 정적 챔버법: 고찰

주옥정,강남구,임갑준 한국농림기상학회 2020 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Accurate assessment of greenhouse gas emissions is a cornerstone of every climate change response study, and reliable assessment of greenhouse gas emission data is being used as a practical basis for the entire climate change prediction and modeling studies. Essential, fundamental technologies for estimating greenhouse gas emissions include an on-site monitoring technology, an evaluation methodology of uncertainty in emission factors, and a verification technology for reductions. The closed chamber method is being commonly used to measure gas fluxes between soil-vegetation and atmosphere. This method has the advantages of being simple, easily available and economical. This study presented the technical bases of the closed chamber method for measuring methane fluxes from a rice paddy. The methane fluxes from rice paddies occupy the largest portion of a single source of greenhouse gas in the agricultural field. We reviewed the international and the domestic studies on automated chamber monitoring systems that have been developed from manually operated chambers. Based on this review, we discussed scientific concerns on chamber methods with a particular focus on quality control for improving measurement reliability of field data. 온실가스 배출량의 정확한 평가는 모든 기후변화대응 연구의 초석이며, 신뢰성이 높은 온실가스 배출량의 평가는 모든 기후변화 예측 및 모델링 연구의 실질적인 기초자료로서 활용된다. 온실가스 배출량 산정 기반 기술로서 온실가스 배출량 현장 모니터링 기술, 배출계수의 불확도 평가 기술, 온실가스 배출량 및 저감량 검증 기술 등이 필수적이다. 이런 기반 기술의 핵심에는 토양-식생-대기 간에 교환되는 온실가스 플럭스 산정을 위해 가장 보편적으로 많이 사용되는 폐쇄형 정적 챔버법의 모니터링 기술이 자리 잡고 있다. 본 연구에서는 농업분야 온실가스 단일 배출원으로 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 벼논에서 발생하는 CH4 플럭스 측정용 폐쇄형 챔버법의 기술적 근간과, 수동형 챔버법에서 전 과정의 자동화 시스템으로 발전을 거듭하고 있는 자동화 챔버 모니터링 기술개발에 대한 국내⋅외 동향을 소개하였다. 이를 바탕으로 보편적으로 사용하고 있는 챔버법의 표준화된 방법의 고찰과 정확한 현장 자료를 얻기 위한 품질관리 방안이 마련될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 CH4 플럭스 측정방법의 신뢰성 높은 기술 발전 방향에 대해 조망하여 벼논 CH4 배출량 산정 결과들의 신뢰성 향상에 기여하게 될 것으로 전망한다

농경지 온실가스 배출 산정을 위한 챔버법: 고찰

주옥정,김준,박중수,강창성,Ju, Okjung,Kim, Joon,Park, Jung-Soo,Kang, Chang-Sung 한국농림기상학회 2018 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.20 No.1

온실가스 배출로 인한 기후변화는 되먹임 고리의 형태로 연결되어 공진화 하는 자연생태계와 사회시스템의 지속가능성을 저해하는 위험요소가 되었다. 기후변화가 인위적인 온실가스 배출량의 상승에 의한 것으로 지적됨에 따라, 온실가스 배출원과 대기 간의 에너지 및 물질 교환과정에 대한 관심이 고조되었다. 본 고찰에서는 온실가스 모니터링의 배경에 대한 역사와 특별히 농업에서 배출되는 온실가스 관측을 위한 챔버법의 개발에 대해 요약하였다. 챔버를 이용하여 온실가스의 방출 특성을 분석한 국내 선행 연구들의 검토를 기반으로, 기후변화 적응을 위해 보다 나은 과학적 기초자료를 구축할 수 있도록 국내 챔버 관측의 문제점과 개선 방향을 간략히 논의하였다. Climate change has become a major risk factor for the co-evolving ecological and societal systems that are interconnected through biogeochemical cycles. As the increasing emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) has been attributed to the principal cause of climate change, more attention has been given to the exchange between terrestrial sources/sinks of GHG and the atmosphere. In this review, we abridged a brief history of the background of GHG monitoring and the development of chamber method for the GHG measurement particularly from agriculture. Based on the reviews of prior domestic studies that analyzed the emission characteristics of GHG using chamber method, we discussed the concerns and the ways to improve chamber measurement to establish better scientific database for climate change adaptation.

불확도 기반 밭토양 아산화질소 배출 저감 여부 판정

주옥정,강남구,임갑준 한국농림기상학회 2019 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.21 No.4

In the agricultural sector, greenhouse gas emissions vary depending on the interaction of all ecosystem changes such as soil environment, weather environment, crop growth, and anthropogenic farming activities. Agricultural sector greenhouse gas emissions resulting from many of these interactions are highly variable. Uncertainty-based evaluation that defines the interval with confidence level of greenhouse gas emission and absorption is necessary to take account of the variance characteristics of individual emissions, but research on uncertainty evaluation method is insufficient. This study aims to decide on the effect of reducing N2O emissions from upland soils using an uncertainty-based approach. An uncertainty-based approach confirmed whether there was a difference between confidence intervals in the 5 different fertilizer treatment groups to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the statistically significant test with three repetition averages, the uncertainty-based approach method estimated in this study is able to estimate the confidence interval considering the distribution characteristics of the emissions, such as the dispersion characteristics of individual emissions. Therefore, it is considered that the reliability of emissions can be improved by statistically testing the variance characteristics of emissions such as the uncertainty-based approach. It is hoped that the direction of the uncertainty-based approach for the effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture will be helpful in the future development of agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, adaptation to climate change, and further development of sustainable eco-social system. 기후변화 대응을 위한 토양수분 관리는 중요한 과제이며, 최적의 토양수분 함량을 예측할 수 있다면 대단위 토양수분 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 포장용수량 및 위조점의 실측값과 추정값에 대한 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 토양특성 인자와 토양수분 간 상관성을 조사하였다. 선정된 토양수분관측망 지점은 76 개이며, 모래함량이 높은 사토, 양질사토, 사양토가 77%를 차지하였으며, 유기물은 0.03∼3.50%, 용적밀도는 1.01∼1.69 Mg m-3 범위로 조사되었다. 포장용수량 및 위조점의 추정값은 실측값과 상관계수가 낮고 실측값보다 과소 평가되었으나 추정값과 실측값 간에는 고도로 유의한 정의상관관계(p<0.01)가 나타났다. 토양수분(포장용수량 및 위조점)은 미사, 점토, 유기물과는 고도로 유의한 정의상관(p<0.01)이었으며, 모래와는 고도로 유의한 부의상관(p<0.01)이었다. 하지만 본 연구에서 조사된 토양수분관측망 토양은 농업기상대 설치를 위하여 인위적으로 조성된 지점이 포함되어 있어 일반농경지 토양 특성을 그대로 반영하기 다소 어려움이 있다. 따라서 토양수분 측정 조사지점을 농경지까지 포함하여 표본수를 확대하고 토양 인자를 적절하게 활용할 경우 국내 실정에 맞는 토양수분 추정식을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

온도가 톨루엔-NOx-공기 혼합물의 광화학 반응에 미치는 영향

주옥정,이승복,배귀남,문길주,윤순창 한국대기환경학회 2005 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

경기도 화성시 벼 재배지의 기후스마트 농업 기반의 평가

주옥정,소호섭,이상우,이영순 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회지 Vol.41 No.1

BACKGROUND: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has been proposed for sustainable agriculture and food se-curity in an agricultural ecosystem disturbed by climate change. However, scientific approaches to local agricul-tural ecosystems to realize CSA are rare. This study at-tempted to evaluate the weather condition, rice pro-duction, and greenhouse gas emissions from the rice culti-vation in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do to fulfill CSA of the rice cultivation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Over the past 3 years (2017~2019), Chucheong rice cultivar yield and methane emissions were analyzed from the rice field plot (37°13′15″N, 127° 02′22″ E) in the Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services located in Gisan-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. Methane samples were col-lected from three automated closed chambers installed in the plot. The weather data measured through automatic weather station located in near the plot were analyzed. CONCLUSION(S): The rice productivity was found to vary with weather environment in the agricultural eco-system. Therefore, if the water management such as inter-mittent irrigation that reduces methane emission can help adapt to abnormal weather that has a negative impact on rice productivity, it can be expected that CSA can be real-ized in local rice cultivation. .

경기도 화성시 20년간(2001∼2020) 기후변화와 벼 수량 변화

주옥정,최병열,장은규,소호섭,이상우,이영순 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회지 Vol.41 No.1

BACKGROUND: Rice production by the current stand-ard cultivation method is predicted to decrease due to global warming. It seems that there has been a strong warming trend in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. This study attempted to understand the climate change in Hwaseong- si, Gyeonggi-do and to analyze the effect of climate change on rice production. METHODS AND RESULTS: The statistical and phys-icochemical analyses were performed using the rice culti-var ‘Chucheongbyeo’ yields grown at the rice paddy field plot in the Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Ex-tension Services and the weather data measured in near the rice paddy plot. CONCLUSION(S): There was no significant difference between the average rice yields per area in 2000s (2001~ 2010) and 2010s (2011~2020), but the rice yield varia-bility was greater in 2010s than in 2000s. The mean, mini-mum, maximum temperature, and the sunshine hours were evaluated for the correlation with the rice yield. The understanding of climate change in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do and the major weather factors affecting changes in rice yield, presented in this study, would en-hance scientific understanding of regional climate change, and improve rice cultivation management. .

한반도 배경대기 중 온실기체의 농도 변동 특성 분석

주옥정,차준석,이동원,김영미,이정영,박일수 한국대기환경학회 2007 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Increase of the greenhouse gases emissions during last century has led remarkable changes in our environmentunderstand these changes around us. The concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs) have beencontinuously measured at Global Climate Change Monitoring station in Gosan, Jeju since January, 2002. In thisstudy, the variation characteristics of greenhouse gases as well as their annual, seasonal and diurnal trend using thedated with the methods recommended by WDCGG(World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases). The concentrationof CO2 was increasing continuously by 2.1 ppm/year, while CH4 did not show any increasing or decreasing trendclearly for 4 years. The concentration of N2O was slightly increasing and CFCs were decreasing except CFC-12to be consistent with the global trend. But the concentration level of CO2 in Korea was more or less higher than abroad.

대도시 도로변에서 가스상 대기오염물질의 농도 특성

주옥정,박수미,이승복,진현철,변두섭,배귀남 한국대기환경학회 2006 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-