층층나무 자엽단계(子葉段階) 유묘(幼苗)의 생장(生長)과 한계광도(限界光度)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

조재형,홍성각,김종진,Cho, Jae Hyoung,Hong, Sung Gak,Kim, Jong Jin 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

본 연구는 광도가 층층나무 자엽단계 유묘의 생장에 미치는 영향과 생장에 필요로 하는 한계광도를 구명하기 위하여 자엽단계의 유묘를 대상으로 385, 32, 17, 8 및 $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$의 광도로 설계된 growth chamber내에서 자엽하축의 길이생장, 자엽의 팽창, 본엽의 발생시기, 부위별 건중량 등을 측정하였다. 자엽은 유묘의 초기생장에 영향을 미쳐 자엽의 크기가 증가할수록 유묘의 생장도 좋았다. 자엽하축의 길이 생장은 $385{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 광도에서 보다 상대적으로 낮은 광도인 32, 17, 8, $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$에서 증가되었으나 건중량은 광도가 낮아질수록 감소되었다. 광도가 낮아짐에 따라 본엽의 발생시기가 늦어졌으며 발생수도 감소되었고, $8{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$와 $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 광도에서는 본엽이 발생 조차 되지 않았다. 자엽은 $385{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 광도에서 보다 $32{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$와 $17{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 광도에서 더 많이 팽창하였지만 건중량은 적었다. 광도가 낮아짐에 따라 자엽, 자엽하축, 뿌리, 본엽의 건중량이 감소되었으며 자엽의 건중량 감소율용보다 뿌리의 감소율이 더 높아 T/R율은 급격히 증가되었다. $8{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$와 $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 광도에서는 뿌리가 거의 발달하지 못하였다. 본 실험을 통해 볼 때 층층나무 발아유묘의 생육가능 최저광도는 $17{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 이상인 것으로 사료된다. To investigate the effects of light intensity on the growth, and the critical minimum light intensity for growing of Cornus controversa seedlings at the stage of cotyledon, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, the times of leaves appearance, dry weights of each organ, and specific leaf area(SLA) were measured on a growth chamber with several light intensity gradients(385, 32, 17, 8, and $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). There was a positive correlationship between the size of cotyledon and the biomass of cotyledon and total seedling. Hypocotyl was more elongated under relatively low light intensities, such as 32, 17, 8, and $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ than under $385{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity, however, dry weight of the hypocotyl was adverse. As the light intensities decreased, the leaf appearance was delayed and the number of leaves decresed. In addition, leaves did not appear under $8{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity. Although cotyledons were more fully expanded under 32 and $17{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensities than $385{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity, the dry weights of cotyledons were greater under the high light intensity. The dry weight of cotyledon, hypocotyl, root and leaves showed a decreased pattern with decreasing light intensities, but root to shoot(hypocotyl+leaves) ratio rapidly increased. Roots did not develop below $8{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity. In conclusion, the results showed that the critical minimum light intensity for growing of Cornus controversa seedlings was above $17{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity.

소아의 외상성 췌장 손상의 수술적 치료

조재형,김현영,정성은,박귀원,Cho, Jae-Hyung,Kim, Hyun-Young,Jung, Sung-Eun,Park, Kwi-Won 대한소아외과학회 2013 소아외과 Vol.19 No.2

Debates exist about the appropriate treatment for pancreatic trauma in children. We intended to examine the safety of the operation of pancreatic trauma in children. This is a retrospective study of 13 patients, younger than 15, who underwent surgery for pancreatic trauma, between 1993 and 2011 in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Medical records were reviewed for mechanism of trauma, clinical characteristics, radiological findings, operation and outcomes. Organ injury scaling from the AAST (American Association for Surgery of Trauma) was used. All injuries were caused by blunt trauma. Patients with grade III, IV, and those who were difficult to distinguish grade II from IV, underwent surgery due to severe peritonitis. Three patients with grade II were operated for reasons of mesenteric bleeding, tumor rupture of the pancreas, and progression of peritonitis. Distal pancreatectomy was performed in 10 patients and subtotal pancreatectomy and pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1 patient each. The remaining one underwent surgical debridement because of severe adhesions. The location of injury, before and after operation, coincided in 83.3%. The degree of injury, before and after the operation, was identical in all the patients except for those who were difficult to tell apart grade II from grade IV, and those cannot be graded due to severe adhesion. Postoperative complications occurred in 23.1%, which improved with conservative treatment. Patients were discharged at mean postoperative 12(range 8~42) days. Even though patients with complications took longer in time from diagnosis to operation, time of trauma to operation and hospital stay, this difference was not significant. In conclusion, When pancreatic duct injury is present, or patient shows deterioration of clinical manifestation without evidence of definite duct injury, or trauma is accompanied by other organ injury or tumor rupture, operative management is advisable, and we believe it is a safe and feasible method of treatment.

마찰교반용접 전산모사를 이용한 강도, 집합조직변화 고찰

조재형,이창길,송상우,강정윤,Cho, Jae-Hyung,Lee, Chang-Gil,Song, Sang-Woo,Kang, Chung-Yun 대한용접접합학회 2011 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.29 No.5

층층나무 자엽단계 유묘의 생장과 한계광도에 관한 연구

조재형,홍성각,김종진 ( Jae Hyoung Cho,Sung Gak Hong,Jong Jin Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

To investigate the effects of light intensity on the growth, and the critical minimum light intensity for growing of Cornus controversa seedlings at the stage of cotyledon, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, the times of leaves appearance, dry weights of each organ, and specific leaf area(SLA) were measured on a growth chamber with several light intensity gradients(385, 32, 17, 8, and 5μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1)). There was a positive correlationship between the size of cotyledon and the biomass of cotyledon and total seedling. Hypocotyl was more elongated under relatively low light intensities, such as 32, 17, 8, and 5μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) than under 385μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) light intensity, however, dry weight of the hypocotyl was adverse. As the light intensities decreased, the leaf appearance was delayed and the number of leaves decresed. In addition, leaves did not appear under 8μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) and 5μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) light intensity. Although cotyledons were more fully expanded under 32 and 17μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) light intensities than 385μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) light intensity, the dry weights of cotyledons were greater under the high light intensity. The dry weight of cotyledon, hypocotyl, root and leaves showed a decreased pattern with decreasing light intensities, but root to shoot(hypocotyl+leaves) ratio rapidly increased. Roots did not develop below 8μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) light intensity. In conclusion, the results showed that the critical minimum light intensity for growing of Corpus controversa seedlings was above 17μ㏖m^(-2)s^(-1) light intensity.

근대화(近代化) 과정(過程)에서의 ‘언문일치(言文一致)’의 수용(受容)과 그 양상(樣相)

조재형(趙宰亨) ( Cho Chae-hyung ) 한국어문교육연구회 2019 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.47 No.3

이 글의 목적은 우리 사회가 겪었던 근대화 과정에서의 ‘言文一致’의 수용과 그 양상을 고찰하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 ‘언문일치’라는 개념의 형성 과정과 그 개념을 洞視해야 한다는 점과 당시 우리 사회에서 ‘언문일치’를 어떻게 이해했고, 어떤 모습으로 구현하고자 했는지를 파악해야 한다는 점을 제기하였다. 이런 문제점들을 논의하기 위해 2장에서는 서구 사회와 일본의 ‘언문일치’의 형성 과정과 그 개념에 대해 언급하였다. 3장에서는 우리 사회의 ‘언문일치’의 수용 과정을 살펴보면서 서구 사회와 일본의 언문일치와의 공통점과 차이점을 제시하였다. 4장에서는 우리의 근대화 과정에서 보이는 여러 표기체들을 비교하면서, 이런 표기체들이 갑자기 사용된 것이 아니라는 점과 당대의 지식인들이 언문일치를 추구한 이유에 대해 언급하였다. The purpose of this article is to examine the acceptance of ‘the unity of speech and writing’ and its aspects in the modernization process that our society has experienced. To do this, we raised the problem of forming the concept of ‘the unity of speech and writing’ and understanding the concept. Also, we raised the question of how to understand ‘the unity of speech and writing’ in our society and how it was intended to be implemented at that time. In order to discuss these issues, we discusses the process and the concept of the formation of ‘the unity of speech and writing’ in Western society and Japan in Chapter 2. Furthermore, we examined the process of acquiring ‘the unity of speech and writing’ in our society, and suggested commonalities and differences between Western society and Japanese in Chapter 3. Also, in comparing the various writing methods seen in our modernization process, we mentioned that these various writing methods were not used suddenly and why the intellectuals of the time pursued ‘the unity of speech and writing’ in Chapter 4.

고대국어시기의 冠形格助詞 ‘*-ra/reo’形의 再構

조재형(Cho, Chae-Hyung) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.37

본고는 고대국어시기에 존재했을 것으로 추정되는 관형격조사 ‘-ra/reo’形을 재구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본고는 크게 세 가지 방향으로 접근하였다. 첫째는 선행연구의 오류 분석이며, 둘째는 諸理論의 검토이며, 셋째는 자료의 철저한 분석이다. 이를 위해 2장에서는 기존 연구에서 고대국어시기의 형태소 재구의 문제점을 지적하였고, 특히 후대의 자료를 기반으로 하는 재구나, 고대국어시기의 한자음 연구의 소홀함을 지적하였다. 3장에서는 이른 시기의 국어에서 관형격과 부사격이 하나의 형태소에 의해 그 기능이 실현되었다는 점을 이론을 통해 관형격조사 ‘-ra/reo’形으로 보이는 자료들을 검토하였다. 마지막으로 4장에서는 2장과 3장의 이론적 검토를 통해 얻은 성과를 바탕으로 실재 고대국어 자료에서 여러 용례들의 검토를 통해 관형격조사 ‘-ra/reo’形을 재구하고자 하였다. 한편, 본고에서 다루고자 했던 것은 고대국어시기의 관형격조사 ‘-ra/reo’形의 재구이지만 이러한 논의의 과정을 통해 결과적으로 借字 ‘良’의 독음을 재구하여 ‘良’에 대응하는 형태소 모습을 재구하는데 도움을 줄 수도 있을 듯하다. 다만, 고대국어 자료의 빈약성으로 논의의 합리성을 충족시킬 만한 많은 자료를 다루지 못해 시원한 결과를 얻지 못함이 아쉬울 따름이나 이는 다음 기회에 좀 더 논의하고자 한다. The purpose of this article is to study for the reconstruction of genitive postposition ‘-ra/reo’ on the Ancient Korean period. To do this, we take 3 methods. Firstly, we research the preceded study to analyze their faulty analysis. Secondly, we review the theory those say the certain morpheme has two functions as a genitive postposition and locative postposition. Lastly, we inquire minutely into all examples on he Ancient Korean period. Especially, we research some examples those we think as a genitive postposition, and we check the sound of them on the Ancient Korean period. Also, In order to do this, we criticize the preceding research for the sound of ‘良’ in the Hyangchal(鄕札) and have a thorough grasp of the problem. Also we tried to proof the sound of ‘良’ is [ra/r?] in the Ancient Korean land-name, comparing with some examples which have character ‘良’. Meanwhile, to get universality about ‘良’, we investigate sound of the ‘良’ in the Ancient japanese and we found some examples that say the sound of ‘良’ is [ra/r?]. Furthermore, to proof that, we show some Altai languages. The facts we discussed above show that the sound of ‘良’ is [ra/r?] in Ancient Korean period and we can reconstruct a genitive postposition ‘-ra/reo’ on the Ancient Korean period.

고대 영지주의 사상의 관점에서 바라본 요한복음 6장의 ‘살’(σάρξ)

조재형(Jae-Hyung Cho) 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 2014 신학연구 Vol.64 No.-

췌관내 유두상 점액성 종양(IPMT)의 외과적 치료

조재형(Jae-Hyoung Cho),박선진(Sun-Jin Park),이상목(Sang-Mok Lee),홍성화(Sung-Wha Hong),오수명(Soo-Myung O) 한국간담췌외과학회 2007 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

IMS에서의 SDP(Service Delivery Platform)기반의 응용서비스

조재형(Jae-Hyoung Cho),이재오(Jae-Oh Lee) 한국통신학회 2007 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

디오니소스의 제의를 통해서 본 요한복음서의 성찬(요 6:51-59)

조재형(Jae Hyung Cho) 한국기독교학회 2013 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.88 No.-

By using the history of ideas, this paper explores John 6, the Eucharist and the Dionysus cult by looking into the relationship between them. In the modern study of the Eucharist, the most important three scholars (Hans Lietzmann, Gregory Dix, and Joachim Jeremias) have investigated many areas of the Eucharist: its origin, development, function, ritual format, and historical debate on it. However, regarding the Johannine Eucharist, their interests are insufficient and unfair compared to their focuses on the Synoptics and Paul. In this regard, Gregory Riley and Stephen Need have indicated that John`s Eucharist is fundamentally different from Paul`s Eucharistic doctrine and the Synoptic`s. In particular, Riley suggests the shadow of the cult of Dionysus over John`s Eucharist. In his connection to wine, Dionysus is perceived as a wine god and his epiphany is closely related to wine miracles in many places. Wine has a crucial religious value in creating a path to communion with the god, providing a religious ecstasy. The unique ritual of the Dionysus cult was held in orgy where the participants tore (sparagmos) and ate the raw flesh (omophagia) in order to intake the god`s power. This Dionysiac feature mostly appears in John`s Jesus who turns water into wine as does Dionysus, and identifies himself as grape vine (15:1-11). The significant influence of Dionysus on Christianity is the “concept of Dionysos as the suffering Son of God”, which is obvious in the Euripides` Bachae where a violent Pentheus unjustly persecuted the Son of God (Zeus). The literary structure and themes in John 4:5-30 and 6:16-59 exhibit the influence of Dionysus as well. The dialogue between Jesus and the Samaritan woman recalls the dialogue between Dionysus and the shepherd in 4:5-30, which functions to interpret John 6 in the Dionysiac image. Jesus` walking on the water discourse (6:16-21) reinforces this Dionysiac motif so that it serves to introduce the bread of life discourse (6:35-48) and the Eucharistic words (6:51-59). In this aspect, unlike the Synoptics and Paul`s descriptions, John`s Eucharist reflects the Dionysiac influence because it replaces the term “body” with “flesh” and indicates Jesus` flesh and blood are real food for everlasting life in cannibalism. In the case of cannibalism, Dionysus is both the raw flesh eater and a victim of cannibalism at the same time and the two features are not clearly separated in him. The author of John, however, revaluates cannibalism in positive terms by imparting life through Jesus` flesh and blood. Therefore, the Johannine Eucharist is influenced by the Dionysus cult in Greco-Roman religion, which provides new perspectives for the interpretation of John`s Eucharist as well as Christian origins.