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카르보닐 탄소원자의 친핵성 치환반응 (제8보). 염화포름산물과 치환아닐린 및 할라이드와의 반응에 관한 속도론적 연구
조원제,김정균,이억석,이익춘,Cho Won-Jei,Kim Jack C.,Lee Euk-Suk,Lee Ikchoon 대한화학회 1976 대한화학회지 Vol.20 No.6
염화포름산 메틸과 치환아닐린 및 염화포름산 페닐의 할로겐 교환반응을 속도론적으로 아세톤 속에서 연구하였다. 속도상수는 중간체를 동반하는 첨가-제거(SAN) 메카니즘으로도 합리적으로 해석되나 분자궤도론적 및 동위원소 효과 연구결과를 고려할 때 1단계$(Sn_2)$ 메카니즘이 더욱 타당함을 알았다. 결론으로 반응성이 큰 친핵체들은 "늦은"형의 천이상태를 이루고 반응성이 작은 친핵체들은 "이른"형의 천이상태를 이룬다는 것을 알았다. Rate constants for the reaction of methyl chloroformate with substituted anilines, and for the halogen exchanges in phenyl chloroformate have been determined in acetone. Although the rate data can be interpreted equally well with the addition-elimination mechanism($S_AN$) involving an intermediate, results of MO and isotope effect studies strongly favor the synchronous ($S_N2$) mechanism for the reactions studied. It was concluded that for the fast reacting nucleophiles the transition state is of "late" type while for the slow reacting nucleophiles it is of "early" type.
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조원제(Cho, Won-Je) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.2
This study was conducted using raw data from the 2019 Survey and Recognition of Life Sports Safety Accidents in Korea. The total number of respondents to the survey was 7,725, of whom 245 said they played tennis. Respondents under the age of 19 were excluded. 108 people said they had experience in injuries. Using this data, we analyzed the injured area of a tennis player. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to observe exercise habits and which factors affect injuries through analysis on the five most frequently injured areas. The analysis showed that the frequency of injuries of tennis players was high in the order of wrists, elbows, knees, ankles, and shoulders. Chronic injuries caused by excessive use mainly appeared in the upper body, and acute injuries caused by lack of warm-up exercise mainly occurred in the lower body. To prevent injuries in the top 5 parts, warm-up exercises and especially flexibility exercises are needed. On the other hand, the risk of occurrence differed depending on proficiency. The better the tennis skills, the lower the risk of injury to the wrist and knee. However, the risk of injury to the shoulder increased. In summarize, thorough warm-up and cool-down exercises, and reducing activity time to less than two hours will reduce injuries during tennis exercise.
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슬링운동에 따른 중년여성 만성요통환자의 시상면상 척추정렬과 요추 추간판각의 변화
조원제(Cho, Won-Je),박승진(Park, Seung-Jin) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.1
This study was preformed to identify of different general physical therapy and sling exercise on Visual analogue scale(VAS) and sagittal spinal alignment, each lumbosacral segment angle in 30-60 age patients with chronic low back pain(CLBP). There were divided into two groups; general physical therapy group(GPTG; n=13), sling exercise group(SEG; n=15) from 28 patients into raging them, which they treatments 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Observed, there was changes in measurements by the same method in pre and post test for sagittal spinal alignment, VAS, lumbosacral angle and each intervertebral disc angle. The compare of differences between groups was what repeated measure ANOVA in SPSS for Change pre-post of VAS and spinal alignment, each intervertebral disc angle. The result showed significantly decreased VAS in GPTG and SEG. Also showed decreased pelvic tilt, lumbar scoliosis angle in SEG. And the Showed increased lumbar lordosis(L1-S1 angle) angle and each intervertebral disc angle of L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 to after exercise in SEG. Therefore, this study was find the positive effect on the sling exercise than general physical therapy from rehabilitation for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.
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저항운동과 단백질 보충제 섭취의 병행이 무산소성 능력과 혈중 에너지대사 물질에 미치는 영향
조원제(Cho, Won-Je),이동복(Lee, Dong-Bok),윤성준(Yun, Sung-Jun) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.5
The purpose of this study was observed to effect of anaerobic capacity and energy metabolic factors by during resistance exercise with protein supplement intake. The male students in their 20s who are currently attending the D university located in Y-si, Gyeonggi-do were participated in this study. The 9 participants were assigned into a control group(CON), 9 participants were assigned into only resistance exercise group(RTG) and 9 participants were resistance exercise with protein supplement intake group(RTPSG). The participants were asked to perform the exercise for during 12-week, 3 times a week. Not exercise of treatment was control group, and RTG and RTPSG was asked to perform 3 sets 70-80%RM, 10 to 15 repetitions per a set in 12 weeks, And protein supplement intake treatment was only to RTPSG. SPSS Ver.15.0 statistics program on repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA was used to describe all data statistically. Results was showed significant difference in anaerobic ability and blood energy metabolic factors in the period by RTG and RTPSG. Also the showed to significantly increased body mass in peak power, glucose and LDH by RTG and RTPSG within group period into through one-way ANOVA in post hoc(p<.05), (p<.01), (p<.05). And Comparison between with groups was LDH in significantly lower RTG and RTPSG compared to CON(p<.05), (p<.05). Therefore this result showed positive effect of anaerobic ability and energy metabolic factors by during resistance exercise with protein supplement intake. however anaerobic ability and energy metabolic factors could not find difference between resistance training with protein supplement intake and only resistance training.
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조원제(Cho, Won-Je),이동주(Lee, Dong-Joo) 한국웰니스학회 2021 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.16 No.1
이 연구는 14-16세 청소년 전기 남녀학생을 대상으로 연 2회 학생건강체력검사(Physical Activity Promotion System: PAPS)를 실시하여 체격변화와 체력변화를 관찰하여 성별, 연령별 발달 특성을 관찰하고자 시도하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 1학기와 2학기에 걸쳐 PAPS를 실시하였으며 신체조성, 근력(상대악력), 근지구력(반복점프), 유연성(앉아윗몸앞으로굽히기)를 측정하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS Ver. 22.0을 사용하여 반복측정분산분석을 실시하여 집단과 시기별 차이를 검증하였다. 그 결과 남녀학생 모두 신장, 체중에서 연령과 시기에 따른 차이가 있었고, 체지방률은 시기에서 차이가 있었다. 한편 남학생의 체지방률은 14, 15세에서 시기간 차이가 있었고, 여학생은 14세에서 시기 간 차이가 있었다. 체력의 변화를 검증한 결과 14세 남학생은 근지구력이 감소하였고 여학생은 근력, 근지구력이 증가하였으나 유연성은 감소하였다. 또한 15세 남학생과 여학생은 근력과 유연성에 변화가 없었으나 여학생의 경우 근지구력이 증가하였다. 16세 남학생은 근지구력은 증가하였으나 유연성은 감소하였고 여학생은 근력과 근지구력이 증가하였다. 따라서 성장기 청소년 전기 중학생은 급격한 신체발육이 나타나는 시기임을 확인하였고 연령에 따라 체력의 발달 특성은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 학년별 체육교육 프로그램 계획 시 이 결과를 고려한다면 체력향상에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. In this study, physical activity promotion system(PAPS) was conducted twice a year in early adolescent male and female students aged 14-16 years, attempted to observe developmental characteristics by gender and age by observing changes in physique and physical strength. To achieve the purpose of the study, body composition, muscular strength (relative grip strength), muscular endurance (repeat jump), and flexibility (sit and reach) were measured through PAPS twice a year. All data was SPSS statistics program repeated measure analysis was performed using to verify the difference between groups and periods. As a result, there were differences in height and weight according to age and periods in both male and female students, and body fat percentage was different in periods. Also, the body fat percentage of male students was different between the ages of 14 and 15 years. however there was a difference between the periods of female students at the age of 14 year. As a result of analyzing changes in physical fitness, the age of 14 years male students decreased their muscular endurance, while the female students increased their muscular strength and muscular endurance, but their flexibility decreased. In addition, there was no change in muscle strength and flexibility in age og 15 years boys and girls, but female students showed increased muscle endurance. The male age of 16 years increased muscular endurance but decreased flexibility, and female students increased muscular strength and endurance. Therefore, it was confirmed that middle school students in the early adolescents in the growth period showed experienced rapid physical development. there was a difference in physical fitness development characteristics according to age. So, if this result was considered when planning a physical education program for each grade, it is expected that it will aid improve physical fitness.
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