폐금속광산 지역주민의 요중 카드뮴 수준 및 골밀도와의 관련성

정경식,김남수,안승철,이병국,Jung, Kyung-Sick,Kim, Nam-Soo,Ahn, Seung-Chul,Lee, Byung-Kook 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure on of bone mineral density (BMD) levels. Methods: A total of 171 residents around abandoned mines in Chungcheongnam-do were surveyed in 2008-2011. Urinary Cd and BMD were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and Dual-Energy X-ray absorptionmetry, respectively. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were defined by T-scores set by the WHO; Tscore ${\geq}$ -1.0, normal; -1.0 > T-score > -2.5, osteopenia; and T-score ${\leq}$ -2.5, osteoporosis. Logistic and multiple linear regressions were applied to estimate the association between U-Cd levels and BMD. Results: The U-Cd geometric mean of 171 Koreans was 2.79 ${\mu}g/g{\cdot}cr$. The U-Cd concentration was significantly higher among women (2.98 ${\mu}g/g{\cdot}cr$) than men (2.39 ${\mu}g/g{\cdot}cr$). With the multiple regression model, the BMD was influenced by U-Cd, BMI, and monthly income. With the logistic regression model, osteoporosis was associated with U-Cd levels (OR = 3.239, 95% CI = 1.770-5.927). Conclusions: We conclude that exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.

한국인의 요중 크레아티닌 농도에 관한 연구 -국민건강영양조사 4기 자료 이용-

정경식,김남수,이병국,Jung, Kyung-Sick,Kim, Nam-Soo,Lee, Byung-Kook 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Objectives: Biomonitoring is used to assess human environmental exposures. Urinary biomonitoring data are typically adjusted to a constant creatinine concentration to correct for variable dilutions among spot samples. Our objective was to investigate urinary creatinine concentrations by region, gender, age and lifestyle. Methods: We studied urinary creatinine concentrations in 6,286 Koreans aged 20 years old and older who participated the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES IV) in 2009. Urinary creatinine concentration analysis used the Jaffe method. Results: The average urinary creatinine concentration of 6,286 Koreans was 158.99 mg/dl. The urinary creatinine concentration was significantly higher among men (184.97 mg/dl) than women (130.02 mg/dl). In both men and women, urinary creatinine concentrations were significantly different according to age group (p < 0.01). Whereas the urinary creatinine concentration of men significantly differed with smoking in adjusted comparison analysis, that of women significantly differed by education level. Ninety-two percent of urinary creatinine concentration was included within WHO guidelines effective range(30 mg/dl ${\leq}$ urinary creatinine concentration ${\leq}$ 300 mg/dl). In multiple regression analysis, creatinine was influenced by gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: The urinary creatinine value obtained from representative samples of adult Koreans aged 20 year and older in KNHANES IV 2009 could be used as a reference value for other nationally studied surveys, such as abandoned metal mine surveys and surveys for industrial complexes.

학원시설 실내공기질과 이용자의 자각증상에 관한 연구

정경식,김남수,이종대,황보영,손부순,이병국,Jung, Kyung-Sick,Kim, Nam-Soo,Lee, Jong-Dae,HwangBo, Young,Son, Bu-Soon,Lee, Byung-Kook 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.6

To evaluate the current indoor air quality condition of private academic facilities in Korea and investigate its association with subjective symptoms of student residing at the same academic facilities, air quality monitoring was carried out in total of 20 academic facilities located in Seoul, Daejon and Chungnam from the beginning of January to the end of April, 2009. To assess the air quality condition of academic facilities, 6 air pollutants with temperature and humidity were measured simultaneously inside and outside of academic facilities. The rate of exceeding the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) guideline concentrations in 6 air pollutants were 5%, 85%, 15%, 5%, 10% and 30% for CO, $CO_2$, PM10, HCHO, TVOCs and TBC, respectively. A questionnaire on 16 subjective symptoms related to indoor air quality was given to 342 students who studied at the 20 academic facilities. The most frequent symptom of students was 'I feel easily tired or sleepy', and this was followed by 'I feel muscular pain or stiffness on shoulder, back and neck'. The association of net difference (subjective symptoms at the academic facility - subjective symptoms of the usual situation) with air pollutants was analyzed using spearman rank correlation. In logistic analysis using proportional odds method, the students whose indoor air concentration of HCHO was ${\geq}60{\mu}g/m^3$ hadsignificant odds of having more subjective symptoms of 'My eyes are dry or feel irritated or itching' (OR=5.026: CI=1.587-15.911), 'I feel easily tired or sleepy' (OR=2.956: CI=1.072-8.152), 'I lose my concentration and I feel my memory is falling' (OR=7.745: CI=1.938-30.955) and 'I feel dizzy' (OR=4.424: CI=1.292-15.149) than those of <$60{\mu}g/m^3$.

한국인의 혈중 망간농도와 공기중 망간농도의 관련성

정경식 ( Kyung Sick Jung ),이종대 ( Jong Dae Lee ),김용배 ( Yong Bae Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.12

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between airborne manganese and blood manganese in a general population of South Korean adults. The concentrations of airborne manganese in total suspended particulate (TSP) were calculated from data obtained from ambient air-monitoring stations (AAMSs) located in South Korea. Blood manganese data obtained Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) using a rolling sampling design involving a complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population of South Korea. Airborne manganese geometric means was 46.10 ng/㎥, blood manganese geometric means were 1.19 ㎍/㎗ for male and 1.40 ㎍/㎗ for female. In multiple linear regression analysis of log transformed blood manganeseas a continuous variable on airborne manganese, after adjusting for covariates including gender, age, job, smoking and drinking status, education level, BMI (body mass index). Airborne manganese was positively associated with blood manganese with statistical significance. The present study confirms that airborne manganese is a possible contributor to the increase of blood manganese in the adult general population.

학교 내ㆍ외 복사기 사용에 따른 오존 발생량 연구

노선진(Sun-Jin Noh),정경식(Kyung-Sick Jung),서승표(Seung-Pyo Seo),손부순(Bu-Soon Son),이종화(Jong-Wha Lee),이치원(Che-Won Lee) 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study is measured in at ozone concentrated places in school and outside of school where places that use copy machine and the others do not use one. Library copy room, Search room, Y-copy, J-copy, R-shop are the places using copy machines and Search room, K-apt, J-billiard hall are the opposite. The measurement was held three times a day-the morning, the afternoon and the evening-once for each at indoor and outdoor. 8 places were lower than domestic ozone concentration standard(0.06ppm). The indoor ozone concentration average was the highest in Search room of school and was the lowest in Library restroom. The outdoor ozone concentration average was the highest in J-billiard hall.

폐금속 광산지역 토양 중 중금속 농도와 주민의 혈액 및 요중 중금속 농도와의 관련성

장봉기,박상일,김남수,정경식,이병국,이종화,Jang, Bong-Ki,Park, Sang-Il,Kim, Nam-Soo,Jung, Kyung-Sick,Lee, Byung-Kook,Lee, Jong-Wha 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.5

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to examine the relationship between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and the level of heavy metals in the blood or urine of 216 local residents living near abandoned metal mines. Methods: Residents around abandoned metal mines were interviewed about their dietary habits, including seafood consumption, medical history, cigarette smoking, and drug history. Metal concentrations in the soil were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-7000, Shimadzu, Japan). Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contents in the blood or urine were analyzed by GF-AAS (AA-6800, Shimadzu). Mercury (Hg) contents in the blood were determined by means of a mercury analyzer (SP-3DS, NIC). Arsenic (As) content in the soil and urine were measured by a HG-AAS (hydride vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometer). Results: The heavy metal concentrations in the soil showed a log normal distribution and the geometric means of the four villages were 8.61 mg/kg for Pb, 0.19 mg/kg for Cd, 1.81 mg/kg for As and 0.035 mg/kg for Hg. The heavy metal levels of the 216 local residents showed a regular distribution for Pb, Cd, Hg in the blood and As in the urine. The arithmetic means were 3.37 ${\mu}g$/dl for Pb, 3.07 ${\mu}g$/l for Cd and 2.32 ${\mu}g$/l for Hg, 10.41 ${\mu}g$/l for As, respectively. Conclusions: As a result of multi-variate analysis for the affecting factors on the bodily heavy metal concentrations, gender and concentration in the soil (each, p<0.01) for blood lead levels; gender and smoking status (each, p<0.01) for blood cadmium levels; gender (p<0.01) for urine arsenic levels; gender, age and concentration in the soil (p<0.01) for blood mercury levels were shown to be the affecting factors.

생애전환기 건강진단 골밀도 검사시 측정도구에 따른 진단범위의 유효성 평가

김남수(Nam-Soo Kim),정경식(Kyung-Sick Jung),강은정(Eun-Jung Kang),오정은(Jung-Eun Oh),이병국(Byung-Kook Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.12 No.10

본 연구의 목적은 생애전환기 건강진단 골밀도 검사시 측정도구(DEXA, QUS, RA)에 따른 진단범위의 유효성을 평가하는 것이다. DEXA를 이용한 골밀도 검사 결과 T-score -2.5를 기준으로 할 때 QUS의 cutoff 값은 -1.733이며, 이때 민감도는 70.4%, 특이도는 59.5%이었고 T-score -3.0을 기준으로 할 때 cutoff 값은 -2.323으로 이때 민감도는 70.4%, 특이도는 56.8%이었다. DEXA를 이용한 골밀도 검사 결과 T-score -2.5를 기준으로 할 때 RA의 cutoff 값은 -1.675이며, 이때 민감도는 70.0%, 특이도는 63.7%이었고 T-score -3.0을 기준으로 할 때 cutoff 값은 -2.325로 이때 민감도는 70.0%, 특이도는 42.9%로 QUS와 RA의 측정도구 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 골밀도 측정도구의 상관관계와 재현성에 대한 평가에서는 일부 차이를 제외하고는 측정도구 간 및 측정도구의 반복 측정값 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. ROC 분석에서 측정도구별 평균골밀도 측정결과는 DEXA를 기준으로 할 때 RA와 QUS는 모두 유효한 것으로 판단된다. 다만, 생애전환기 골다공증 진단에 보다 정확한 결과를 얻기 위해서는 성별이나 연령층, 다양한 측정부위별 정량화된 결과를 진단기준의 보정지표로 고려하는 것이 필요하다. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of diagnostic range for BMD measurement tools(DEXA, QUS, and RA) to health examination in transitional ages. In standard T-score -2.5 of DEXA, cutoff value by RA is -1.675(sensitivity: 70.0%, specificity: 63.7%) and cutoff value by QUS is -1.733(sensitivity: 70.4, specificity: 59.5%), also T-score -3.0 of DEXA, cutoff value by RA is -2.325(sensitivity: 70.0%, specificity: 42.9%) and cutoff value by QUS is -2.323(sensitivity: 70.4, specificity: 56.8%). There was, however, no significant difference in standard DEXA(lumbar spine and femur) between RA and QUS by repeat measurement(precision), and correlation were without effect. ROC analysis showed that all methods are qualified for BMD measurement tools to health examination in transitional ages; however, the different sensitivities and specificities of the methods, as well as age and gender, calibration parameters for diagnostic tests have to be considered.

고품질 AIN 박막으로 제작한 압전 마이크로스피커

李承煥(Seung-Hwan Yi),鄭暻湜(Kyung-Sick Jung),金東其(Dong-Kee Kim),愼廣縡(Gwang-Jae Shin) 대한전기학회 2007 전기학회논문지 Vol.56 No.8

This paper reports the piezoelectric micro speakers that are audible in open air with high quality piezoelectric AIN thin film deposited onto Mo/Ti electrode. This successful achievement, compared to the previous results, is followed by manipulating two material properties: the one is to use a compressively stressed silicon nitride film as a supporting diaphragm (even tensile stressed, around +20 ㎫) and the another is to use high quality AIN thin film with compressive residual stress (less than -100 ㎫). With these materials, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the fabricated microspeakers shows more than 60 ㏈ from 100 ㎐ to 15 ㎑ and the highest SPL is about 100 ㏈ at 9.3 ㎑ with 20 Vpeak-to-peak sinusoidal input and with 10 ㎜ distances from the fabricated microspeakers to the reference microphone (B&K Type 2669 & 4192L).

퇴직한 납 근로자들의 납 노출지표 및 혈장 호모시스테인과 혈압과의 관련성

김남수 ( Nam Soo Kim ),정경식 ( Kyung Sick Jung ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: Blood lead and hyperhomocysteinemia have been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship of lead biomarkers on plasma homocysteine and blood pressure. Methods: To evaluate the effect of lead biomarkers including blood lead on plasma homocysteine and blood pressure in retired lead workers, 66 retired lead workers without any occupational exposure to organic solvent, mercury and arsenic were agreed to participate this study. For the control subjects 42 controls were recruited from same area of retired lead workers with consideration of demographic characteristics. Results: The mean levels of blood lead and ZPP of retired lead workers were significantly higher than control group. There were positive significant correlations between blood lead and plasma homocysteine, also systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The multiple linear regression analysis also reveled that plasma homocysteine was significantly associated with blood lead after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, lead exposure, smoking and drinking. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly associated with blood lead, plasma homocysteine, and total cholesterol; whereas, systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with plasma homocysteine only. Conclusions: Blood lead showed significant association with plasma homocysteine and blood pressure even after more than mean 10 years from their retirements.

광양만권 산단 지역 소아청소년의 환경인자와 천식·아토피 증상 호소율

이미리(Mee-Ri Lee),장은철(Eun-Chul Jang),손부순(Bu-Soon Son),김남수(Nam-Soo Kim),정경식(Kyung-Sick Jung),장서구(Seo-Goo Chang),송대성(Dae-Sung Song),민대홍(Dae-Hong Min),김혜미(Hye-Mi Kim),이용진(Yong-Jin Lee),이성수(Sung-Soo Lee),김화 환경독성보건학회 2012 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2012 No.10