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Electrophysiological Characterization of AMPA and NMDA Receptors in Rat Dorsal Striatum
전승현,조형석,김기정,Qing Zhong Li,성기욱 대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3
The striatum receives glutamatergic afferents from the cortex and thalamus, and these synaptic transmissions are mediated byα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and N-methyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The purpose of this study was to characterize glutamate receptors by analyzing NMDA/AMPA ratio and rectification of AMPA and NMDA excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) using a whole-cell voltage-clamp method in the dorsal striatum. Receptor antagonists were used to isolate receptor or subunit specific EPSC, such as (DL)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), an NMDA receptor antagonist, ifenprodil, an NR2B antagonist, CNQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist and IEM-1460, a GluR2-lacking AMPA receptor blocker. AMPA and NMDA EPSCs were recorded at −70 and +40 mV, respectively. Rectification index was calculated by current ratio of EPSCs between +50 and −50 mV. NMDA/AMPA ratio was 0.20±0.05, AMPA receptor ratio of GluR2-lacking/GluR2- containing subunit was 0.26±0.05 and NMDA receptor ratio of NR2B/NR2A subunit was 0.32±0.03. The rectification index (control 2.39±0.27) was decreased in the presence of both APV and combination of APV and IEM-1460 (1.02±0.11 and 0.93±0.09, respectively). These results suggest that the major components of the striatal glutamate receptors are GluR2-containing AMPA receptors and NR2A- containing NMDA receptors. Our results may provide useful information for corticostriatal synaptic transmission and plasticity studies.
전승현,이주형,최준균 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.4
Owing to the intermittent power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), future wireless cellular networks are required to reliably aggregate power from retailers. In this paper, we propose a distributed power allocation (DPA) scheme for base stations (BSs) powered by retailers with heterogeneous RESs in order to deal with the unreliable power supply (UPS) problem. The goal of the proposed DPA scheme is to maximize our well-defined utility, which consists of power satisfaction and unit power costs including added costs as a non-subscriber, based on linear and quadratic cost models. To determine the optimal amount of DPA, we apply dual decomposition, which separates the master problem into sub-problems. Optimal power allocation from each retailer can be obtained by iteratively coordinating between the BSs and retailers. Finally, through a mathematical analysis, we show that the proposed DPA can overcome the UPS for BSs powered from heterogeneous RESs.
User Centric Cache Allocation Schemes in Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks
전승현 대한산업경영학회 2019 산업융합연구 Vol.17 No.4
In infrastructure wireless mesh networks (WMNs), in order to improve mobile users’ satisfaction for the given cache hit ratio, we investigate an User centric Cache Allocation (UCA) scheme while reducing cache cost in a mesh router (MR) and expected transmission time (ETT) for content search in cache. To minimize ETT values of mobile users, a genetic algorithm based UCA (GA-UCA) scheme is provided. The goal is to maximize mobile users’ satisfaction via our well defined utility, which considers content popularity and the number of mobile users. Finally, through solving optimization problem we show the optimal cache can be allocated for UCA and GA-UCA. Besides, a WMN provider can find the optimal number of mobile users for user centric cache allocation in infrastructure WMNs.