Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin on 5-Hydroxytryptamine₃ Receptors in NCB-20 Neuroblastoma Cells

Li, Qing-Zhong,Cho, Hyeong-Seok,Jeun, Seung-Hyun,Kim, Ki Jung,Choi, Se Joon,Sung, Ki-Wug Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2011 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.34 No.7

<P>Proanthocyanidin is a phenolic compound present in plants, that has antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-emetic, and neuroprotective properties. We investigated the actions of proanthocyanidin from grape seeds on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)<SUB>3</SUB> receptors in NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells using a whole-cell voltage clamp technique. Co-treatment of proanthocyanidin (0.3—100 μg/ml) and 3 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL> 5-HT (near EC<SUB>50</SUB>) produced a slight inhibition of 5-HT-induced inward peak current (<I>I</I><SUB>5-HT</SUB>) in NCB-20 cells, but pretreatment with proanthocyanidin for 30 s before application of 5-HT induced a much larger inhibition of <I>I</I><SUB>5-HT</SUB> in an irreversible, concentration- and time-dependent manner (IC<SUB>50</SUB>=6.5±0.4 μg/ml, Hill coefficient=2.5±0.1). Proanthocyanidin also produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of currents induced by 30 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL> 5-HT, near-maximal concentration (IC<SUB>50</SUB>=22.1±0.4 μg/ml, Hill coefficient=2.4±0.1). High concentrations (≧30 μg/ml) of proanthocyanidin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the activation and desensitization of currents induced by 30 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL> 5-HT. Further studies showed that pretreatment of 20 μg/ml proanthocyanidin caused not only a rightward shift of the dose–response curve for 5-HT (EC<SUB>50</SUB> shift from 2.7±0.4 to 6.2±0.5 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>), but also a decreased <I>E</I><SUB>max</SUB> (inhibition by 37.5±1.3%). The proanthocyanidin-induced inhibition of 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptors did not show a significant difference within the testing holding potential ranges (−50—+30 mV). These results suggest that proanthocyanidin inhibits 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptor function in NCB-20 cells in a noncompetitive mode, and that this inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidin probably contributes to the pharmacological actions of proanthocyanidin.</P>

Simultaneous Determination of Glutamate, Glycine, and Alanine in Human Plasma Using Precolumn Derivatization with 6-Aminoquinolyl- N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Qing Zhong Li,Qing Xian Huang,Shu Cui Li,Mei Zi Yang,Bin Rao 대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.5

A simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been validated for determining concentrations of glutamate, glycine, and alanine in human plasma. Proteins in plasma were precipitated with perchloric acid, followed by derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC). Simultaneous analysis of glutamate, glycine, and alanine is achieved using reversed-phase HPLC conditions and ultraviolet detection. Excellent linearity was observed for these three amino acids over their concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r)>0.999. The intra- and inter-day precision were below 10%. This method utilizes quality control samples and demonstrates excellent plasma recovery and accuracy. The developed method has been successfully applied to measure plasma glutamate, glycine, and alanine in twenty volunteers.

Study on mechanism of macro failure and micro fracture of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel

Li, Shu-cai,Wang, Jian-hua,Chen, Wei-zhong,Li, Li-ping,Zhang, Qian-qing,He, Peng Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.11 No.2

The stability of surrounding rock will be poor when the tunnel is excavated through nearly horizontal stratum. In this paper, the instability mechanism of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel is revealed by the analysis of the macro failure and micro fracture. A structural model is proposed to explain the mechanics of surrounding rock collapse under the action of stress redistribution and shed light on the macroscopic analytical approach of the stability of surrounding rock. Then, some highly effective formulas applied in the tunnel engineering are developed according to the theory of mixed-mode micro fracture. And well-documented field case is made to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed analytical methods of mixed-mode fracture. Meanwhile, in order to make the more accurate judgment about yield failure of rock mass, a series of comprehensive failure criteria are formed. In addition, the relationship between the nonlinear failure criterion and $K_I$ and $K_{II}$ of micro fracture is established to make the surrounding rock failure criterion more comprehensive and accurate. Further, the influence of the parameters related to the tension-shear mixed-mode fracture and compression-shear mixed-mode fracture on the propagation of rock crack is analyzed. Results show that ${\sigma}_3$ changes linearly with the change of ${\sigma}_1$. And the change rate is related to ${\beta}$, angle between the cracks and ${\sigma}_1$. The proposed simple analytical approach is economical and efficient, and suitable for the analysis of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel.

Simultaneous Determination of Glutamate, Glycine, and Alanine in Human Plasma Using Precolumn Derivatization with 6-Aminoquinolyl- N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Qing Zhong Li,Qing Xian Huang,Shu Cui Li,Mei Zi Yang,Bin Rao 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.5

A simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been validated for determining concentrations of glutamate, glycine, and alanine in human plasma. Proteins in plasma were precipitated with perchloric acid, followed by derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC). Simultaneous analysis of glutamate, glycine, and alanine is achieved using reversed-phase HPLC conditions and ultraviolet detection. Excellent linearity was observed for these three amino acids over their concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r)>0.999. The intra- and inter-day precision were below 10%. This method utilizes quality control samples and demonstrates excellent plasma recovery and accuracy. The developed method has been successfully applied to measure plasma glutamate, glycine, and alanine in twenty volunteers.

Simultaneous Determination of Glutamate, Glycine, and Alanine in Human Plasma Using Precolumn Derivatization with 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate and High- Performance Liquid Chromatography

Li, Qing Zhong,Huang, Qing Xian,Li, Shu Cui,Yang, Mei Zi,Rao, Bin The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.5

A simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been validated for determining concentrations of glutamate, glycine, and alanine in human plasma. Proteins in plasma were precipitated with perchloric acid, followed by derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC). Simultaneous analysis of glutamate, glycine, and alanine is achieved using reversed-phase HPLC conditions and ultraviolet detection. Excellent linearity was observed for these three amino acids over their concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r)>0.999. The intra- and inter-day precision were below 10%. This method utilizes quality control samples and demonstrates excellent plasma recovery and accuracy. The developed method has been successfully applied to measure plasma glutamate, glycine, and alanine in twenty volunteers.

Genetic diversity of two Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) populations from Guizhou and Yunnan in China based on mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences

Li-Jing Zhong,Ming-Wang Zhang,Yong-Fang Yao,Qing-Yong Ni,Jun Mu,Chong-Qing Li,Huai-Liang Xu 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.2

Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), an endangered species endemic to China, is categorized as a Category II species under the Chinese Wild Animal Protection Law and listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. To further assess genetic diversity and population structure within this species,populations, revealing that variations occured among populations mainly. Further analysis demonstrated that significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.83628, P\0.01) and poor gene flow (Nm\1) had occurred among these four populations. On the phylogenetic tree and haplotype network plot, 22 haplotypes cluster together according to their geographical origins, exhibiting an obvious phylogeographic pattern. We speculate that the significant genetic differentiation among these macaque populations might result from long-term geographic barrier and human activity. In particular,Yangtze River probably play a vital role in population differentiation of Tibetan macaques. we sequenced 477 bp of mitochondrial DNA control region in 30 Tibetan macaques from the Guizhou (GZ) and Yunnan (YN) of China and conducted population genetic analysis, along with 15 previously described haplotype sequences representing 55 individuals from Sichuan (SC)and Anhui (AH). 87 polymorphic sites were detected in the alignment of 45 sequences and defined 22 haplotypes, of which 9 were newly identified. Haplotype diversity (h),nucleotide diversity (p) and average number of nucleotide differences (K) is 0.911 ± 0.015, 0.06090 ± 0.00126 and 28.32, respectively, indicating higher genetic diversity in the whole Tibetan macaque population. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) partitioned the total variation into 83.63 % among populations and 16.37 % within populations, revealing that variations occured among populationsmainly. Further analysis demonstrated that significantgenetic differentiation (Fst = 0.83628, P\0.01) andpoor gene flow (Nm\1) had occurred among these fourpopulations. On the phylogenetic tree and haplotype networkplot, 22 haplotypes cluster together according to their geographicalorigins, exhibiting an obvious phylogeographicpattern. We speculate that the significant genetic differentiationamong these macaque populations might result fromlong-term geographic barrier and human activity. In particular,Yangtze River probably play a vital role in populationdifferentiation of Tibetan macaques.

Age of Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in China: Almost 10 Years Earlier than in the United States and the European Union

Song, Qing-Kun,Li, Jing,Huang, Rong,Fan, Jin-Hu,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Zhang, Bao-Ning,Zhang, Bin,Tang, Zhong-Hua,Xie, Xiao-Ming,Yang, Hong-Jian,He, Jian-Jun,Li, Hui,Li, Jia-Yuan,Qiao, You-Lin,Chen, Wan-Qin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: The study aimed to describe the age distribution of breast cancer diagnosis among Chinese females for comparison with the United States and the European Union, and provide evidence for the screening target population in China. Materials and Methods: Median age was estimated from hospital databases from 7 tertiary hospitals in China. Population-based data in China, United States and European Union was extracted from the National Central Cancer Registry, SEER program and GLOBOCAN 2008, respectively. Age-standardized distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis in the 3 areas was estimated based on the World Standard Population 2000. Results: The median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was around 50 in China, nearly 10 years earlier than United States and European Union. The diagnosis age in China did not vary between subgroups of calendar year, region and pathological characteristics. With adjustment for population structure, median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was 50~54 in China, but 55~59 in United States and European Union. Conclusions: The median diagnosis age of female breast cancer is much earlier in China than in the United States and the European Union pointing to racial differences in genetics and lifestyle. Screening programs should start at an earlier age for Chinese women and age disparities between Chinese and Western women warrant further studies.

Disruption of ecdysis in Leptinotarsa decemlineata by knockdown of chitin deacetylase 1

Jian-Jian Wu,Li-Li Mu,Zhong-Chao Chen,Kai-Yun Fu,Wen-Chao Guo,Chao Li,Guo-Qing Li 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2

Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) catalyze N-deacetylation of chitin, a crucial process for chitin modification. In the present paper, LdCDA1 was identified in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. It was copiously expressed in larval foregut, hindgut and epidermis. Just before the molt in the first, second and third larval instars, the mRNA levels of LdCDA1 were high. In the fourth (final)-instar larvae, a peak occurred 4 days after ecdysis. In vivo results revealed that LdCDA1 transcriptionally responded, positively and negatively respectively, to 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone titers. Moreover, knockdown of LdCDA1 significantly reduced foliage consumption, lengthened developing period and prevented growth in the final instar larvae. Three distinct lethal phenotypes were noted in the LdCDA1 RNAi larvae. About 30% of the RNAi larvae became moribund and finally died; approximately 50% of deformed pupae died as pharate adults; and around 20% of LdCDA1 depleted pupae finally emerged as abnormal adults and eventually died within 1 week after emergence. Furthermore, chitin content was low and the mRNA levels of five chitin biosynthesis transcripts (LdUAP1, LdUAP2, LdChSAa, LdChSAb and LdChSB) were significantly declined in the LdCDA1 RNAi larvae. In addition, glucose, trehalose and glycogen contents were increased in the LdCDA1 depleted hypomorphs, along with highly expressed genes coding for trehalose and glycogen synthesis enzymes. The findings provide a compelling piece of evidence that CDA1 is critical for chitin deposition in L. decemlineata. Moreover, LdCDA1 may be a potential target for control of the larvae.

Knockdown of HMGN5 Expression by RNA Interference Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Chen, Peng,Wang, Xiu-Li,Ma, Zhong-Sen,Xu, Zhong,Jia, Bo,Ren, Jin,Hu, Yu-Xin,Zhang, Qing-Hua,Ma, Tian-Gang,Yan, Bing-Di,Yan, Qing-Zhu,Li, Yan-Lei,Li, Zhen,Yu, Jin-Yan,Gao, Rong,Fan, Na,Li, Bo,Yang, Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

HMGN5 is a typical member of the HMGN (high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein) family which may function as a nucleosomal binding and transcriptional activating protein. Overexpression of HMGN5 has been observed in several human tumors but its role in tumorigenesis has not been fully clarified. To investigate its significance for human lung cancer progression, we successfully constructed a shRNA expression lentiviral vector in which sense and antisense sequences targeting the human HMGN5 were linked with a 9-nucleotide loop. Inhibitory effects of siRNA on endogenous HMGN5 gene expression and protein synthesis were demonstrated via real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. We found HMGN5 silencing to significantly inhibit A549 and H1299 cell proliferation assessed by MTT, BrdU incorporation and colony formation assays. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that specific knockdown of HMGN5 slowed down the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and decreased the populations of A549 and H1299 cells at the S and G2/M phases. Taken together, these results suggest that HMGN5 is directly involved in regulation cell proliferation in A549 and H1299 cells by influencing signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression. Thus, our finding suggests that targeting HMGN5 may be an effective strategy for human lung cancer treatment.

Continuous Sheet Metal Forming for Doubly Curved Surface Parts

Zhong-Yi Cai,Ying-Wu Lan,Ming-Zhe Li,Zhi-Qing Hu,Mi Wang 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Continuous sheet metal forming (CSMF) is a novel technology for manufacturing doubly curved sheet metal parts. In this process,an upper flexible roll and two lower flexible rolls are employed as a forming tool, with the rotation of flexible rolls, the sheet metal is bent in the longitudinal and transverse directions simultaneously. In this study, the basic principle of CSMF system is introduced and the basic mathematical model to control the CSMF process is presented. Based on the analysis of the sheet metal deformation in longitudinal direction, the formulations to determine the finial curvature of the deformed sheet metal and to estimate the downward displacement of upper roll are obtained. Forming experiments for torus-shaped surface and saddle-shaped surface were carried out. The dimensional accuracy and smoothness of the CSMF parts were measured and analyzed. The experiment results confirm the validity of the presented mathematical models and shows that CSMF can be effectively used in forming of doubly curved surface parts.