한말~일제 초기 형사법의 추이와 사형제의 변화

전병무(Byung-moo Jeon) 북악사학회 2024 북악사론 Vol.19 No.-

Boerhaave 증후군 2예

전병무(Byung Moo Jeon),김남일(Nam Il Kim),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim),전해명(Hae Myung Jeon),김응국(Eung Kook Kim) 대한외과학회 1995 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.48 No.3

일제하 조선변호사시험 합격자에 관한 연구

전병무(Jeon, Byung Moo) 한국법사학회 2021 法史學硏究 Vol.64 No.-

이 글은 일제하 조선변호사시험 합격자에 대한 연구이다. 일제하 ‘독학자의 등용문인 조선변호사시험은 1922년부터 1945년까지 실시되어 총 199명이 최종 합격하였다. 1944년까지 총 지원자 수 5,622명과 최종 합격자 199명으로 합격비율을 계산하면 3.5%로 매우 어려운 시험이었다. 연평균 합격자는 8.6명이다. 조선인만을 보면 총 134명+@이고, 연평균은 약 6명이었다. 조선변호사시험 합격자의 학력은 제국대학, 전문학교, 일본 사립대 출신을 합치면 전체의 64%이고, 여기에 사범학교와 고등보통학교 졸업자까지 전부 합치면 약 80%에 해당한다. 식민지 조선의 상황을 고려할 때 낮은 편은 아니었다. 조선변호사시험 합격자의 직업은 법원 서기, 교원, 군속(郡屬), 경찰, 전문직 등의 순으로 많았고 이들이 약 70%를 차지하였다. 즉 조선변호사시험의 합격코스는 첫째 경성법학전문학교 → 법원 서기 → 조선변호사시험 합격이라는 전형적인 코스 외에, 둘째 사범학교 → 교원 → 조선변호사시험 합격, 셋째 보통문관시험 → 군속 → 조선변호사시험 합격 코스 등으로 정리할 수 있다. 이들의 사회경제적 배경은, 제국대학 및 일본 사립대를 졸업하고 고문 사법과에 합격한 자들이 대부분 상류 계층이라는 점과 비교하면 상대적으로 낮은 편이었다. 그렇다고 일반 민중과 같은 처지는 아니어서 최소한 중하류 계층 정도로 볼 수 있다. 소수를 제외하면 ‘개천에서 난 용’은 아니었다. 조선변호사시험 합격자는 초기 합격자로 3.1운동 세대인 제1세대와 중기 합격자로 광주학생운동 세대인 제2세대로 나눌 수 있다. 3.1운동 세대는 항일운동사건 재판에 적극적으로 참여하여 항일변론에 동참하였다. 광주학생운동 세대는 소수지만 직접 학생운동에 참여하였고, 대체로 항일운동 사건 재판에 역시 동참하였다. 그러나 중일전쟁 이후 전시체제가 가동되자 대부분의 변호사는 이른바 ‘중도’의 길을 걷거나 친일로 나섰다. This article is a study on those who passed the Chosun Bar Examination[朝鮮辯護士試驗] under Japanese colonial rule. The Chosun Bar Examination, which was ‘The gateway to self-taught’ under the Japanese colonial rule, was conducted from 1922 to 1945, and a total of 199 people passed the exam. By 1944, out of a total of 5,622 applicants, 199 were the finalists. This was a very difficult exam with a passing rate of 3.5%. The average number of successful applicants is 8.6. If we look at only Koreans, there are a total of 134+@, and the average annual average is about 6 people. The educational background of those who pass the Chosun Bar Examination The educational background of the guardian is 64% of the total from universities such as Imperial University, vocational school, and Japanese private university, and if this includes graduates of normal school and high school, it reaches about 80%. Considering the situation of colonial Chosun, it was not on the low side. As a single school, the highest number of students were from Keijo Special School of Law[京城法學專門學校] with 30 students. The occupations of those who passed the Chosun Bar Exam were about 70% in the order of court clerk, teacher, county officials[郡屬], police officer, and professional profession. Looking at the pass process, the first is a general case, after graduating from Keijo Special college of Law and going through a court clerk, second after graduating from a teacher’s school, taking an exam as a teacher, and third, after passing the general civil service exam and going through the ounty officials. Therefore, their socio-economic background was relatively low compared to the fact that most of the people who graduated from Imperial University and Japanese private universities and passed the Department of Torture and Justice were from the upper classes. However, they are not in the same situation as the general public, so they can be viewed as at least the middle and lower classes. Except for a few, it wasn’t a ‘dragon from the river’. Those who passed the Chosun Bar Examination can be divided into the first generation, the 3.1 movement generation, who passed the early stage, and the second generation, the Gwangju(光州) student movement generation, who passed the mid-term. The 3.1 movement generation actively participated in the trial of the anti-Japanese movement case and participated in the anti-Japanese argument. Although a small minority of the Gwangju Student Movement generation directly participated in the student movement, they also participated in the trial of the anti-Japanese movement incident in general. However, when the war system was put into operation after the Sino-Japanese War, most lawyers walked the so-called “middle road” or went pro-Japanese.

金洛憲의 『疑法問答』

전병무(Jeon, Byung-moo) 한국법사학회 2015 法史學硏究 Vol.51 No.-

일제강점기 사형제도의 운영과 실태 :사형 통계 자료와 사형집행을 중심으로

전병무(Jeon, Byung-Moo) 역사학연구소 2021 역사연구 Vol.- No.40

이글은 일제강점기 사형 통계자료와 사형집행을 통하여 사형제도를 살펴봄으로써 일제의 식민지배 성격의 일단을 검토한 것이다. 일제강점기 조선 민중은 물론 상당수의 항일독립운동가(정치범)들이 사형 당했음은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그럼에도 사형수 통계 등 기초적인 사실조차 해명되지 않아, 우선 『조선총독부통계연보』, 『조선총독부관보』, 『조선사법일람』 등 통계 자료를 비교, 분석하여 기본 데이터를 정리하였다. 그 결과 사형집행을 당한 인원수는 총 1,192명으로, 연평균 33명, 월평균 2.8명이었다. 이를 이른바 3시기 즉 제1기 무단통치기, 제2기 문화통치기, 민족말살기로 구분하여, 제1기 606명(약 51%), 제2기 395명(약 33%), 제3기 191명(약 16%)이 사형이 집행된 것으로 파악하고 무단통치기에 집중되었음을 밝혔다. 이어서 『조선총독부관보』 彙報 “사형집행” 항목에서 사형수의 이름 및 본적(주소), 죄명, 최종 법원 및 선고 날짜, 최종 판결확정 날짜, 사형집행 장소(형무소) 및 날짜 등을 정리하여 총 1,071명의 정보를 확보하였다. 이를 다시 죄명별, 출신지역별, 형무소별로 구분하여 각각의 사형집행 인원수와 그 특징을 정리하였다. 출신지역의 경우, 평안(21%), 경상(14%), 전라(13%) 등의 순으로 나타났는데, 이는 의병활동과 항일무장투쟁의 결과로 이해하였다. 사형 확정일부터 사형집행까지의 소요기간은 평균 94일이 걸렸고, 일반범과 항일독립운동가의 차이는 크게 없었다. 그리고 조선과 일본의 사형집행 인원수를 비교하여 조선이 훨씬 많았음을 밝혔다. 이를 통해 일제가 식민지 조선인에 대해 과도한 법률적용과 그에 따른 사형집행을 시행하였음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 일반적으로 사형제도가 갖는 응보적인 법적 확신, 위하(威嚇)적인 효과의 기대, 범죄자의 완전한 격리라는 목적도 있었겠지만, 그보다는 식민지배의 통제 강화의 수단으로 활용되었다고 보았다. This paper examines the characteristics of Japanese colonial rule by examining the death penalty system through statistics and execution of the death penalty during the Japanese colonial rule. It is a well-known fact that during the Japanese colonial period, not only Koreans but also considerable independence activists(political criminals) were executed. Nevertheless, even basic facts such as statistics on death row prisoners were not revealed. First of all, I compiled basic data by comparing and analyzing statistical data such as Statistical Yearbook of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, Chosun Rechtspflege peruse, the Official Gazette of the Japanese Government-General of Korea. As a result, the number of people who were executed was 1,192 in total, with an annual average of 33 and a monthly average of 2.8. In three periods, the first period Unauthorized rule time(1910-1919) 606 people(about 51%), the second period Cultural rule time(1920-1937) 395 people(about 33%), the third period Racial annihilation time(1938-1945) 191 people(About 16%) were executed, focusing on unauthorized reign. And by comparing the number of executioners in colonial Korea and Japan, it revealed that there were much more Koreans. Through this, it can be seen that the Japanese rule applied excessive laws and executed the execution of the colonial Koreans accordingly.

일제하 경성지방법원 인천지청 폐지반대운동 연구

전병무(Jeon, Byung moo) 인천대학교 인천학연구원 2012 인천학연구 Vol.16 No.-

이 논문은 1930년대 인천부민의 경성지방법원 인천지청폐지반대 및 복설운동을, 폐지배경, 폐지반대 및 복설운동의 전개과정, 주도세력 등을 찰하여, 이 운동이 갖는 역사적 의미와 성격을 분석한 것이다.1931년 겨울 조선총독부의 행정정리 방침에 따라 인천지청이 폐지될 이라는 소문이 돌기 시작하였다. 만약 인천지청이 폐지되면 인천부민은 물론 인천지청의 관할 하에 있던 김포, 강화, 부천군민도 재판행정 관련된 모든 업무를 서울에서 처리해야하기 때문에 시간과 재정상 큰 손실을 감수해야 했다. 이에 인천부민 등은 거세게 반발하며, 인천지청의 폐지반대운동을 전개하였다. 인천부윤을 필두로 인천부회, 인천상공회의소, 인천부세진흥회 등 인천지역의 공직자와 유지들이 앞장섰다. 특히 이운동을 주도한 단체는 인천의 일본인과 조선인 유지들이 조직한 인천부세진흥회였다. 이 단체의 구성원은 자신들의 이해관계를 대변하는 인천상공회의소와 인천부회에 참여하여 지역유지의 네트워크를 형성하고 있었다. 이들은 조선총독부와 정면충돌을 피하기 위하여 이른바 ‘합리적 운동방법’인 관계당국에 대한 진정과 로비를 주요 운동수단으로 선택하였다. 이러한 폐지반대운동에도 불구하고 1932년 2월 15일 인천지청은 공식적으로 폐지되었다. 이후 인천 지역민은 인천지청의 복설을 줄기차게 주장하였고, 이 과정에서 조선총독부와 인천유지 간에 복설의 조건으로 인천지청의 신청사를 건립할 것을 합의하였다. 신청사 건립비용은 대략 4만원이 예상되었다. 이에 인천유지들은 인천지청부활협의회를 개최하여 인천, 부천, 강화, 김포 등 1부 3군에 기부금액을 할당하고 기부금모집위원을 선발하여 각지에 파견하였다. 신청사 건립기부금 모집은 지역 간의 이해관계로 인하여 성과를 내지 못했다. 예컨대 김포군의 경우 거리로 볼 때 경성지방법원이 더 근접했기 때문에 굳이 인천지청의 부활을 달가워하지 않아, 기부에 반대하는 자가 많았다. 결국 김포군의 경우 기부금 할당액 5천원을 채우지 못했다. 이처럼 신청사 건립은 지역 간의 갈등을 거치면서 추진되었고, 마침내 1935년 5월경에 완공되었다. 이런 와중에 인천지청은 1934년 9월 복설되었다. 인천 지역민이 전개한 이 운동은 결과적으로 인천지청을 부활시킴으로써 성공한 ‘민원운동’으로 볼 수 있다. 다만 운동주체의 제한성과 지역 간의 소통재라는 한계를 지니고 있다. This study analyzed the historical meaning and characteristics of the movements against the abolition and for the restorative establishment of the Incheon Regional Office of the Gyeongseong District Court by Incheon citizen in the 1930s by examining the background of the abolition and the development and leading groups of the movements. In the winter of 1931, the rumor began to spread that the Incheon Regional Office would be abolished according to the administrative adjustment policy of the Government?General of Korea. If the Incheon Regional Office was abolished, not only Incheon citizens but also all the residents in Gimpo, Ganghwa, and Bucheon Counties within the jurisdiction of the Incheon Regional Office had to go to Seoul for administrative services related to court trials, suffering a great loss of time and money. Therefore, opposing the policy resolutely, Incheon citizens and others waged a movement against the abolition of the Incheon Regional Office. Under the leadership of the Mayor of Incheon, public officials and interested organizations such as Incheon City Congress,??Incheon Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and Incheon Taxation Promotion Association took the lead of the movement. In particular, the Incheon Taxation Promotion Association, which was organized by Japanese and Korean influential persons in Incheon, was deeply involved in the campaign. The members of this organization had formed a network of local influential persons by participating in the Incheon Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Incheon City Congress representing their interests. In order to avoid head?on collision with the Government?General of Korea, they chose so?called ‘rational methods of movement,’ namely, petition and lobby to relevant authorities. Despite the movement against abolition, however, the Incheon Regional Office was officially closed on February 15, 1932. From that time on, Incheon residents persistently demanded the restorative establishment of the Incheon Regional Office, and in the course an agreement was reached between the Government?General of Korea and the leaders of Incheon to construct a new building for the Incheon Regional Office as a condition for restorative establishment. The estimated cost of new office building construction was 40,000 won. Thus, the leaders of Incheon held the meeting of the Commission on the Restoration of the Incheon Regional Office, allocated amounts to be raised to a city and three counties (Incheon City, and Bucheon, Ganghwa and Gimpo Counties), appointed fundraisers, and sent them to each area. The fundraising for new office building construction was not successful due to conflict of interests among the areas. For example, Kimpo County, which was closest to the Gyeongseong District Court, was not so active for the restoration of the Incheon Regional Office and many of its residents opposed fundraising. After all, Kimpo County failed to raise 5,000 won allocated to the area. The construction of the new office building was promoted through these con-flicts among the involved??areas, and was finally completed in May 1935. In the middle of the construction, the Incheon Regional Office was reestablished in September 1934. These movements waged by Incheon residents are considered successful ‘civil petitions’ that brought about the restoration of the Incheon Regional Office. On the other hand, they showed limitations such as the leaders’ limitedness and lack of communication among involved areas.

Nutcracker 증후군 : 좌신정맥-하대정맥 재문합술 Renocaval reimplantation

전병무,문인성,박장성,고용복 大韓脈管外科學會 1995 大韓脈管外科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

폐색성 동맥질환에서의 지체 절단

송동희,전병무,문인성,박장상,고용복 大韓脈管外科學會 1995 大韓脈管外科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

Nutcracker 증후군: 좌신정맥-하대정맥 재문합술

문인성,박장상,고용복,전병무 대한혈관외과학회 1995 Vascular Specialist International Vol.11 No.1

The Nutcracker syndrome is a condition of the left renal vein compression between aorta and superior mesenteric artery which results in hematuria, at times associated with flank pain, abdominal pain or varicocele. This was confirmed by compression of left renal vein by superior mesenteric artery with CT, US, MRI and angiography and the treatments were conservative treatment, nephropexy, excision of peripelvic varicosities, renal venous bypass, renal decapsulation and transposition of the left renal vein. We report a 23yr old man with intermittent hematuria, flank pain for 6 months, which was confirmed by US, CT and MRI. We performed a direct renocaval reimplantation with success. The flank pain and intermittent gross hematuria were corrected.

폐쇄성 동맥질환에서의 지체 절단

문인성,박장상,고용복,전병무,송동희 대한혈관외과학회 1995 Vascular Specialist International Vol.11 No.1

Advances in vascular surgical techniques and increase in the number of vascular surgical reconstructions have not reduced the number of major lower limb amputations over the past decades. Consequently, amputation at the above and below-knee level continues to be a necessary part of the management of patients with end stage peripheral vascular disease. The amputation including rehabilitation is one of the vascular procedures with high cost especially for patients who suffered for a long time. And it must be a primary responsibility of vascular specialists to reduce the necessity for amputation to a minimum. The purpose of this study is to examine the follow-up on our amputation patients to relation between amputation level and disease proper characteristics. A retrospective review is made for 67 cases of vascular amputations which were carried out in 921 patients of chronic occlusive arterial disease of extremities during 10 years from 1985 to 1994. 1) The total number of major amputation was 67 cases with peak incidence in forties in men, however it affects almost men between 30 years and 60 years of age. 2) In 45 patients(78%), various operations such as lumbar sympathectomy, arterial bypass surgery and amputations had been performed previously. 3) In 67 patients, 34 patients were classified as TAO (thromboangitis obliterans) and 30 patient was ASO (atherosclerosis obliterans). There were l6 A-K (above knee) amputation, 38 B-K (below knee) amputation and 13 metatarsal amputations. 4) The time interval between first diagnosis and amputation was 4.5 months in ASO and 15.7 months in TAO. And it 49 patients(73%) had been received the vascular bypass surgery within the 6 months, previously. 5) The amputation rate was not affected by the vascular procedures. 6) In 22 patients(32%), the reamputation was performed mostly within 1 year. More aggressive treatment of claudicants may effect a reduction in amputation rates, but for the present, the most realistic chance of reducing further the need for amputation is to ensure optimal management of those with already established critical ischemia.