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방탄소년단 앨범 시리즈에 표현된 순수 욕망을 찾는 과정 - 「LOVE YOURSELF」 시리즈를 중심으로 -
장한정,안상혁 대중음악콘텐츠학회 2022 대중음악콘텐츠 Vol.6 No.1
This paper is studied for the purpose of exploring how to interpret popular music from a new perspective. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the lyrics and video expressions in BTS’s「LOVE YOURSELF」series based on the theory of pure desire in Lacan’s psychoanalysis. Pure desire refers to the inherent desire embodied in the form of life that exists to deviate from being equal to others, which is what Lacan says in the ethics of desire. The ethics of desire is a theory that informs the imperfections inherent in the universality or rationality based on our lives. The research method is to conduct a qualitative study to analyze the music video of 「LOVE YOURSELF」 based on the theory of pure desire shown in Lacan’s 『Seminar 7: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis』. Through the meaning inherent in the song lyrics of 「LOVE YOURSELF」, this paper figures out the correlation between the album trilogy and Lacan’s Imaginary Stage, Symbolic Order, and Real Order and analyzes the meaning of pure desire. The necessity of this study is to show that a certain area of popular music aims for pure desire, and suggest that popular music researchers pay more attention to pure desire. 본 논문은 대중음악을 새로운 관점으로 해석하는 방법을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 연구되었다. 이를 위해 정신분석학자 라캉이 제시한 순수욕망 이론을 바탕으로 방탄소년단의 「LOVE YOURSELF」 시리즈에 나타난 노랫말과 영상 표현을 분석했다. 순수 욕망이란 타자 또는 타인과 동일시되면서 존재하게 되는 삶의 형식에서 벗어난 자신의 고유한 욕망을 말한다. 그것은 라캉이 말하는 욕망의 윤리에서 논구되는 것이다. 욕망의 윤리는 우리의 삶에 바탕을 이루는 보편성이나 합리성이 내재한 불완전함을 알려주는 이론이다. 연구 방법은 라캉의 『세미나 7: 정신분석의 윤리학』에 나타난 순수욕망에 대한 이론을 바탕으로 「LOVE YOURSELF」 뮤직비디오를 분석하는 질적 연구를 진행하였다. 「LOVE YOURSELF」음악의 노랫말에 내재한 의미를 통해서 앨범 3부작과 라캉이 말한 상상계, 상징계, 실재계 사이의 연관성을 도출하고 순수욕망의 의미를 분석하였다. 구체적으로 『起 ‘Wonder’』에서는 순수욕망에 대해 질문하고, 『承 ‘Her’』와 『轉 ‘Tear’』를 통해서는 자기 자신으로 존재하는 것이 아닌 문제를 제기한다. 그리고 마지막 앨범 『結 ‘Answer’』에서는 타인에게 완벽한 자신이 되는 것보다 영원히 완벽할 수 없는 자신을 받아들이고 자신의 욕망을 포기하지 말라는 의미를 찾아낼 수 있었다. 본 연구의 필요성은 대중음악의 일정 영역이 순수욕망을 지향하고 있다는 점을 밝히고 이에 대한 대중음악 연구자들에게 순수욕망에 대한 관심을 두도록 제언하였다.
SMCRE 모델로 본 인터넷 라이브 방송의 매체적 특성
장한정,ZHANG, XIANJING 성균관대학교 트랜스미디어연구소 2021 트랜스- Vol.10 No.-
본 연구는 뉴미디어 시대 인터넷 라이브 방송의 매체적 특성을 중심으로 논했다. 이를 목적으로 정보원, 메시지, 채널, 수용자, 효과로 구성된 SMCRE 모델로 통해 인터넷 라이브 방송의 매체 특성을 분석했다. 뿐만 아니라 선행연구들이 간과한 인터넷 라이브 방송 특유의 피드백도 고찰하였다. 또 인터넷 라이브 방송의 문제점을 제시하고 인터넷 라이브 방송의 미래 발전에 대한 전망을 제시하였다. This study focused on the media characteristics of internet live broadcasting in the New Media Age. To this end, analyzed the media characteristics of internet live broadcasting through SMCRE models consisting of source, message, channel, receiver, and effect. In addition, considered the unique feedback of internet live broadcasting that prior studies overlooked. It also presented problems with internet live broadcasting and prospects for future development of internet live broadcasting.
장한정(Han Jeong Chang),윤종호(Jong Ho Yoon),장항석(Hang Seok Chang),안수민(Soo Min Ahn),정웅윤(Woung Youn Chung),최은창(Eun Chang Choi),박정수(Cheong Soo Park) 대한두경부종양학회 2003 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.19 No.2
Objectives: The best treatment for the malignant parotid tumor still remains to be defined, and a better knowledge about the tumor features that predict the treatment result is needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes and to suggest the optimal treatment modality for the parotid cancer. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 113 patients who were treated for parotid cancer from January 1990 to December 2002 were retrospectively analysed. Univalate analyses were performed to establish the prognostic influence of pateint age, gender, tumor size, histologic grade and lymph node metastasis. Results: The mean age was 46.4 years old (15-81 years) and. The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.1. The chief complaint was a palpable mass in 85%, pain was in 12.4% and facial nerve palsy was accompanied with 2.7%. The mean tumor size was 3.5cm in diameter. The most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (33.6%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (15%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (11%), carcinoma expleomorhpic adenoma (11%), basal cell carcinoma (7%). The most common operative procedure was total parotidectomy (47.8%) and various types of cervical lymph node dissection were added in 69.9%. Postoperative radiotherapy was done in 61.1 %. Postoperative complications developed in 54 cases (47.8%), including 46 cases (40.7%) of facial nerve palsy and 9 cases (8%) of Frey's syndrome. Recurrences developed in 21 cases (18.6%) and deaths in 15 (13.3%). Cumulative survival at 5 year was 75.4%. Univariate analysis of clinical factors showed that histologic grade and positive cervical lymph node significantly influenced survival (p<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggests that the radical resection with lymph node dissection and postopertaive XRT would be necessary to improve the survival of the patients with high grade cancer or positive lymphnode metastasis.
장광,이선진,정일영,Timothy R. Billiar,정헌택,한정아,권영근,하권수,김영명 생화학분자생물학회 2004 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.36 No.4
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a critical factor in both normal physiological functions and the pathogenesis of disease. This study was undertaken to determine the m olecular m echanism by which nitric oxide (NO) exerts negative feedback regulation on iNOS gene expression. Isolated rat hepatocytes stimulated with cytokines exhibited a marked increase in NO production as well as iNOS mRNA and protein levels, which were significantly reduced by pretreatment of the NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) and V-PYRRO/NO. This effect of SNAP was inhibited when NO was scavenged using red blood cells. Pretreatment with oxidized SNAP, 8-Br-cGMP, NO2 -, or NO3 - did not suppress the cytokine-induced NO production. Moreover, LPS/ IFN- γ -stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which produce endogenous NO, expressed lower levels of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNAs, without changes in their mRNA half-lives, than those in the presence of the iNOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl- L-arginine. The iNOS gene transcription rate exhibited an 18-fold increase after cytokine stimulation, which was significantly inhibited by SNAP pretreatment. SNAP also blocked cytokineinduced increase in NF-κB activation, iNOS promoter activity, nuclear translocation of cytosolic NF-κB p65 subunit, and IκBα degradation, which correlated with its inhibitory effect on phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IκB. These data indicate that NO down-regulates iNOS gene expression and NO production by inhibiting the post-translational processes of IκBα thereby preventing NF-κB activation. These results identify a novel negative feedback mechanism whereby NO down-regulates iNOS gene expression.