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손병희,장종찬,양효식,차은종,Son, Byoung-Hee,Jang, Jong-Chan,Yang, Hyo-Sik,Cha, Eun-Jong 한국융합신호처리학회 2011 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.12 No.3
본 연구는 심폐소생술 (CPR) 중 인공호흡의 무선 전송 시스템 구현에 관한 것으로, 병원 전 단계에서의 CPR 성과를 높임으로써 응급환자의 생존율을 높이기 위한 환자-병원간 무선 통신 시스템이다. 기도삽관 기반 호흡기류센서를 적용하여 호흡량을 측정하였는데, 기도삽관을 통한 인공호흡은 기류량의 손실을 최소화하여 보다 정확한 흡기-호기량 계측이 가능하고, 기도-식도 구분을 통해 식도팽창을 방지하여 다른 인공호흡 방법에 비해 장점을 입증하였다. 또, 인공호흡 주요지표인 분당 평균호흡량 (V), 호기말 이산화탄소 농도 ($EtCO_2$), 기도압력 (Ptr)을 디지털화하여 정의하였으며 정의된 데이터를 무선 통신 시스템을 이용하여 전송망의 대역폭 및 지연시간을 확인하였다. 호흡신호를 전송하기 위해 필요한 최대대역폭 (815 Kbps) 에 비해 Wireless LAN의 대역폭 (54 Mbps) 이 충분하여 네트워크 부하는 1.5 % 미만이었으며, 전송지연시간은 0.3 초 이내로 측정되었다. This study is about implementing wireless transferring system in pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Also, this study includes monitoring based feedback between patient and hospital to increase the survival rate of emergency patient by developing the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pre-hospital. It minimizes the loss of flow rate or gastric inflation through the space between the airway and the esophagus, which enables the inspiration-expiration rate to be measured more precisely. Due to these reasons this study applied ET insertion based respiratory sensor to measure flow rate. The main indices of artificial ventilation are justified from minute respiration(V), end-tidal $CO_2(E_TCO_2)$, and tracheal pressure($P_{tr}$). The simulation is performed to verify the bandwidth and delay time of transport network for in-hospital monitoring even as transporting images and voice information simultaneously. The total bandwidth is 815 kbps, and WLAN (IEEE 802.11x) is used as communication protocol. The network load is under 1.5% and the transmit delay time is measured under 0.3 seconds.
이인광(In-Kwang Lee),장종찬(Jong-Chan Jang),차은종(Eun-Jong Cha),김경아(Kyung-Ah Kim) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed under emergent situation such as cardiac arrest, which affects the survival rate significantly at the pre-hospital stage. CPR consists of the chest compressions to improve blood circulation and artificial ventilation to promote oxygen supply. The present study developed a wireless transmission system for respiratory signal with the audio-video monitoring. Respiratory air flow rate, tracheal pressure, and CO₂ variation were sampled at 100㎐ and transmitted in text form. Real-time collaboration between the paramedical and medical staffs would be possible with the present system, enabling high quality CPR.
李仁光(In-Kwang Lee),金盛植(Seong-Sik Kim),張鐘贊(Jong-Chan Jang),金君珍(Koon-Jin Kim),金敬娥(Kyung-Ah Kim),李泰洙(Tae-Soo Lee),車殷宗(Eun-Jong Cha) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.1
Abdominal circumference changes due to breathing by the respiratory muscle activity such as diaphragm, which would partially represent the lung volume variation. The present study introduced conductive rubber molded in a cord shape incorporated with a patient's pants. The conductive rubber cord operated as a displacement transducer to measure the lung or abdominal volume changes. Signal extraction circuitry was developed to obtain the volume and its derivative(or the flow) signals followed by wireless transmission based on the Zigbee communication protocol in a size of 65㎜×105㎜ easily put in pocket. Breathing frequency was accurately evaluated and breath pattern analysis seemed feasible, since respiratory behaviours such as maximal inspiration and cough were well identified. Remote wireless receiver module also enabled to monitor both volume and flow signals during resting breathing on a PC terminal.
李仁光(In-Kwang Lee),金盛植(Seong-Sik Kim),張鐘贊(Jong-Chan Jang),金君珍(Koon-Jin Kim),金敬娥(Kyung-Ah Kim),李泰洙(Tae-Soo Lee),車殷宗(Eun-Jong Cha) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.7
Respiration is induced by muscular contraction of the chest and abdomen, resulting in the abdominal volume change. Thus, continuous measurement of the abdominal dimension enables to monitor breathing activity. Conductive rubber cord has been previously introduced and tested to develop wearable application for respiratory measurements. This study implemented respiratory monitoring system with the conductive rubber cord in the patient's pants in purpose of quantitative estimation of tidal volume. Air mixed with 0~5% CO₂ was inhaled and the respiratory air flow rate, abdominal dimension change, and end tidal CO₂ concentration were simultaneously measured in steady state. CO₂ inhalation significantly increased the tidal volume in normal physiological state with the subject unawared. The tidal volume estimated from the abdominal dimension change linearly correlated with the tidal volume measured by a pneumotachometer with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. Customized calibration for each subject resulted in relative errors less than 10%. Therefore, the tidal volume was accurately estimated by measuring the abdominal dimension change.
차은종(Cha, Eun-Jong),이인광(Lee, In-Kwang),장종찬(Jang, Jong-Chan),김성식(Kim, Sung-Shick),이수옥(Lee, Su-Ok),정재관(Jung, Jae-Kwan),박경순(Park, Kyung-Soon),김경아(Kim, Kyung-Ah) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.5
노력성 폐활량(FVC) 검사시 호식기류의 최대값인 최고호기유량(PEF)은 호흡기능의 평가에 매우 중요하게 활용되는 진단 매개변수이다. PEF는 검사 초기에 매우 짧은 순간에 크게 증가하는 양상을 띠기 때문에 호흡기류센서의 동특성이 충분하지 않은 경우 측정오차가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 노력성 호식기류 상의 초기 상승속도 (Sr)를 산출하고 Sr 값에 기초하여 센서 출력값을 보정하는 새로운 기법을 제안하였다. 미국 흉부학회(ATS)에서 제공하는 표준 기류신호 파형 26개를 생성하여(F) 속도계측형 호흡기류센서로 통과시키며 센서 출력신호(N)를 축적하였다. F의 최대값인 PEF와 N의 최대 값인 NPEF 간에는 당초 예상했던 대로 2차함수 관계가 성립하였으나(상관계수 0.9997), ATS파형 #2 및 26은 상당한 이탈을 보였다(상대오차>10%). NPEF의 상대오차와 Sr 간의 관계를 분석하여 상호 선형적인 관계를 얻었으므로, 이를 이용하여 보정한 결과 PEF 상대오차의 99% 신뢰구간이 약 2.5% 이었다. 이는 국제 표준인 ATS의 오차한계인 10%의 1/4 이내로써 매우 정확한 보정이 이루어졌다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안하는 보정기법은 호흡기류센서 교정시 매우 유용하리라 판단된다. Peak expiratory flow rate(PEF) is a very important diagnostic parameter obtained from the forced vital capacity(FVC) test. The expiratory flow rate increases during the short initial time period and may cause measurement error in PEF particularly due to non-ideal dynamic characteristic of the transducer. The present study evaluated the initial rise slope(Sr) on the flow rate signal to compensate the transducer output data. The 26 standard signals recommended by the American Thoracic Society(ATS) were generated and flown through the velocity-type respiratory air flow transducer with simultaneously acquiring the transducer output signal. Most PEF and the corresponding output(NPEF) were well fitted into a quadratic equation with a high enough correlation coefficient of 0.9997. But only two(ATS#2 and 26) signals resulted significant deviation of NPEF with relative errors>10%. The relationship between the relative error in NPEF and Sr was found to be linear, based on which NPEF data were compensated. As a result, the 99% confidence interval of PEF error was turned out to be approximately 2.5%, which was less than a quarter of the upper limit of 10% recommended by ATS. Therefore, the present compensation technique was proved to be very accurate, complying the international standards of ATS, which would be useful to calibrate respiratory air flow transducers.