清代中央法可覆核案件中的內部查核機制初探

장전전(Zhang Tiantian)(張田田) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2014 아시아연구 Vol.- No.18

"三法司核擬" 중 都察院과 大理는寺는 刑部의 "簽商"과 刑部가 안건 처리시 律例館이 편찬한 "說帖"으로 개별안건의 심의와 과오를 수정하는데 활용하였다. 都察院이나 大理寺의 "簽商" 活動 중에는 형량의 경중에 대해 논의한 것을 많이 볼 수 있는데, 이는 상황에 대한 서로 다른 이해나 법률적 근거의 서로 다른 선택으로 표현되었다. 쟁점과 대립되게 표현되는 유형화 경향은 일상적인 안건에서 하나의 상황을 인정하면서 이상하게 의심을 경시하게 하여 어려운 안건을 처리할 때 자주 격렬한 비평이 발생하였다. 따라서 刑部를 감독하여 편견을 제거하고 더욱이 신중하게 판단하기 위해 覆核 의견의 심사를 통해 안건을 적절하게 해결하는 것이 목표이다. 律例館이 편찬한 "說帖"의 査核도 상황의 인정과 법률 적용을 중심으로 법률적 의의를 탐구하여 사례를 찾고 각종 법률에 의거하여 균형적으로 비교 검토하는 것이 특징이다. 안건내 효과중의 하나는 堂官이 "說帖"의 査核 意見대로 실행케 하는 것이고, 둘째는 律例館이 해당 司辦稿에 대해 직접 구체적이고 완결적으로 만들 수 있다. 외재적인 영향은 律例館 査核이 刑部意見에 부합한지를 통해 중앙이 영향력을 발휘하는 것을 차단하는데 있다. 두가지의 내부 査核機制는 잘 맞물려 있고 또 대비되어 있어 모두 覆核機關이 그 의견의 타당성을 추구할 뿐만 아니라 사법의 권위를 지키기 위해 노력하는 것을 잘 반영하고 있다. 大理寺나 都察院의 "簽商" 査核은 형부의 농단에 편중되거나 불합리한 것에 대해 비평과 질의를 하는데, 律例館 査核의 機制가 더욱 활발하게 운영되고, 더욱이 査核자가 사안을 능수능란하게 발휘하여, 개별 사안을 선례의 체계안에서 고려하는 장점을 강조하였다. 大理寺나 都察院 "簽商" 機制는 상비된 "三法司核擬"制度를 따르는데, "簽商"의 擧動이 많지 않지만, "說帖"은 청 중후기에 창설되어 장기적으로 형부 내부 사법 운영에서 활용되었다. 覆核 査核의 약점은 중앙 覆核 중 이미 있는 규칙 체계와 기존의 "照覆"이 타협하는 경향이 있어서, 지방에서 심의하는 문제를 쉽게 방임하므로 중앙 覆核은 地方에서 보고된 안건을 법률적으로 인정하지만 안건의 진상을 사실대로 밝힐 힘이 없는 맹점이 있다. During the joint trial by central departments, Dalisi or Duchayuan may send attached documents("Qianshang") to Xingbu(the Board of Punishment) officially exchanging their opinions. Meanwhile, officers from Lvliguan also may send attached documents("Shuotie") giving advisement inside Xingbu. The "Qianshang" and the "Shuotie" belongs to central law departments' self-checking mechanisms within case reviewing in Qing. These methods are used in order to discuss the suspected cases. The effect of "Qianshang" by Dalisi or Duchayuan is to criticize Xingbu's opinions. However, Xingbu may find a supporting legal basis for the expertise to weigh comparison from variety of cases. "Shuotie" by officers in Lvliguan also focuses on the application of law to maintain Xingbu's judicial authority. The goal of these internal checking mechanism are making appropriate judgement. Compared with "Qianshang", "Shuotie" checking are more flexible and more emphasison skills regarding the consideration of case precedent. The two Self-checking Mechanisms both have their weakness and blind area because of overturn cases' cost and unsuccessful fact finding.

새로운 Thebaine 유도체의 Opioid 수용체 결합과 활성에 관한 연구

장전,손용,조규박 의과학연구소 1998 全北醫大論文集 Vol.22 No.2

The primary purpose of the present study was to develop the novel centrally-acting analgesic drugs from novel thebaine drivarives. The receptor binding affinity/selectivity of 3 novel thebaine drivarives. The receptor binding affinity/selectivity of 3 novel thebaine derivative, C_19-(phenylic) thebinol(PTBL), N(4 nitrobenyzl)-C_14-trifluoromethyl carbinolic codinone(NBTFCC) and C_14-trifluoromethyl cabnolic morphine(TFMCM) was determined by employing type-selective radiolabelled ligands for μ-, δ-, or κ-opioid receptor, [^3H][D-Ala^2,N-Me-Phe^4,Gly-ol^3]-enkephalin (DAMGO), [^3H]naltrindole [NTI] or [^3H]U69593. Also, the opiodergic activity was examined in smooth muscle preparations, guine-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. In opioid receptor binding assay, TFMCM showed high affinity and selectivity to opioid μ-receptors. While PTBL and NBTFCC did not possess appreciable affinity to all three types of opioid receptors. In guinea-pig ileal nerve-muscle preparations for examination of opioid μ-or κ-agonistic activity, all three thebaine derivatives, PTBL, NBTFCC, or TFMCM induced inhibition of electrically-evoked contraction. TFMCM showed most potent effect among those, and the receptor involved in this effect was considered to be opioid μ-receptors. We, also, used isolated mouse vas deferens to examine whether these thebaine derivatives posses agonistic property for opioid δ-receptors. All three thebaine derivatives showed low potency in inhibition of electricaly-driven contraction of mouse vas deferens. These results shows that thebaine derivatives are promising candidates for te development of new centrally-acting analgesic drugs.

Attention from the editorial board of Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics

장전수학회 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.2

중국 온라인 관광업 비즈니스 모델에 관한 연구

장전 한국디지털정책학회 2022 디지털융복합연구 Vol.20 No.5

With the rapid development of the social economy and the continuous improvement of living standards, a favorable environment has been provided for the rapid development of the tourism industry. The highly developed Internet technology has provided people with more convenient online travel. With the rapid development of online tourism, tourism-related Internet businesses are also developing rapidly. This study first introduces the research background and significance of the study, and suggests the necessity of Ctrip's business model optimization study based on the development of social economy such as online tourism development hotspots and business model research issues. Ctrip explains the current status of research inside and outside the online travel industry and business model, in-depth introduction and analysis of related concepts and theories such as online travel and OTA business models, and expands them based on expert research. Several aspects such as insufficient Ctrip's existing business model, high current operating costs, major factors affecting suppliers, and slow development of new business were suggested, and alternatives were suggested to solve these problems. Ctrip maintained a sustainable competitive edge, including Ctrip's business model optimization strategy for value creation and innovation and Internet business model optimization strategy for customer value chains. 사회적경제의 급속한 발전과 지속적인 생활수준 향상으로 관광산업의 급속한 발전을 위해 유리한 환경이 마련되었다. 고도로 발달된 인터넷 기술은 사람들에게 더 편리한 온라인 여행을 제공했다. 온라인 관광이 빠르게 발전하면서 관광 관련 인터넷 사업도 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 본 연구는 우선 연구 배경과 연구 의의를 소개하고, 온라인 관광 개발 핫스팟, 비즈니스 모델 연구 이슈 등 사회적경제의 발전을 바탕으로 씨트립의 비즈니스 모델 최적화 연구의 필요성을 제시한다. 씨트립은 온라인 여행 산업 및 비즈니스 모델 내·외 연구 현황을 설명하고, 온라인 여행, OTA 비즈니스 모델 등 관련 개념과 이론을 심층적으로 소개·분석하고, 전문가 연구를 기반으로 확대한다. 씨트립의 기존 사업모델의 미흡, 높은 경상운영비, 공급업체의 큰 영향요인, 신사업 개발이 더딘 등 여러 측면이 제시되었고, 이를 해결하기 위한 대안이 제시되었다. 씨트립은 가치 창출과 혁신을 위한 씨트립의 비즈니스 모델 최적화 전략과 고객 가치사슬을 위한 인터넷 비즈니스 모델 최적화 전략 등 지속 가능한 경쟁 우위를 유지했다.

의료서비스 품질지각이 만족도에 미치는 영향: 중국인의 성형수술 의료관광을 중심으로

장전,안서원,박성용 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2013 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of quality perception of medical service on its satisfaction among the Chinese medical tourists for plastic surgery. It was also expected that satisfaction would have positive effects on revisit and recommendation intentions. Methods: The participants responded to SERVQUAL adjusted for medical service and additional questions asking characteristics of demographics and medical tourism. Results: First, paired t-tests were carried out for the means of expectation and perceived quality of five factors of medical service and the results showed that all the differences were significant. The participants’expectations were not met by perceived quality and the difference was the biggest for the empathy factor. Secondly, structural equation modeling was carried out to examine the relationships among medical service quality, satisfaction, revisit intention, and recommendation intention. The results showed that all the paths were significant and the responsiveness factor had the largest effect on satisfaction. Conclusion: The results suggest that subjective aspects such as empathy and responsiveness are more important in determining medical service quality than objective aspects of medical service. In medical tourism, most patients communicate with medical faculty through translators. Therefore, education on empathetic and responsive translation is in need.

The Economic Impact of the Establishment of the China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area and Impact on the Communication Industry -Base on GTAP Model Analysis-

장전 한국디지털정책학회 2022 디지털융복합연구 Vol.20 No.5

In recent years, the world's free trade system has been severely damaged by a series of protectionist measures in the United States and anti-globalization practices such as Brexit. Against this background, RCEP, the world's largest trade agreement, was officially signed on November 15, 2021. The RCEP provided a good working basis for the establishment of a Korea, China, and Japan free trade zone. First, this paper describes the current status of Korea-China-Japan trade cooperation and the current status of the trilateral telecommunication industry. Second, this paper simulates the changes in the overall economy of China, Japan, and Korea when tariffs are reduced to 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, after the establishment of a free trade zone using the 8th edition GTAP database. Then, using the simulated data changes and using the 2019 data as a benchmark, we calculated the changes in the RCA index for the three countries' telecommunications industries for the three tax rates. In the end, it is concluded that the economies of the three countries will grow to different levels in many ways when the Korea, China, and Japan free trade zone is established. Japan's telecommunications industry will not be significantly affected, Korea will grow significantly with higher tax rates and China will grow significantly with lower tax rates.

지반침하 대응 하수관망 회복탄력성의 평가지표 식별

장전리 ( Chuanli Zhang ),오재일 ( Jeill Oh ),박규홍 ( Kyoohong Park ) 한국물환경학회 2021 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.-

Performance Comparative Study of Segmented Interior Permanent Magnet Machine with Different Rotor Structures

장전해(Dianhai Zhang),렌지얀(Ziyan Ren),고창섭(Chang Seop Koh) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

The rotor structure selection is a critical issue in the design of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) because of its strong influence on the motor performance. The rotor structure with segmented permanent magnet and iron-bridge between the PM is useful for very wide constant power speed range. So, in this paper, the torque capability and flux weakening capability of different rotor structures are compared in segmented interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (SIPMSM). In this study, the structures are analyzed under the same stator configuration and air gap length.

日本 先史考古學의時代區分과 年代問題- 紀元前 1千年紀를 中心으로 -

庄田愼矢 한국고대학회 2005 先史와 古代 Vol.22 No.-

This article discussed about two controversial example in Japan to consider division of time and dating, which can be the most fundamental problems in archaeology. Those are, the problems about the earlymiddle paleolithic and the beginning date of Yayoi-period which posed from the AMS C-14 dating. About the former, I focused how it was going after the “hoax” and the time division. In the latter case, I suggest my own opinion make use of the ‘inscribed ware’ datas and cross-dating which are not based on the AMS while ensuring that there were no solid grounds in the dating up to that time. Lastly, the importance of outskirts datas around Japan in the East-northern Asia and their research tendencies were also insisted.

日ㆍ韓兩語比較硏究上の問題點

長田夏樹 동국대학교 일본학연구소 1987 일본학 Vol.7 No.-