http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
장만 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2018 江原法學 Vol.55 No.-
Patent is the most powerful power to encourage Internet financial innovation. However, in recent years, the patent protection status of Internet Finance in China is not ideal. Compared with the amount of patent application and authorization in China, the amount of application and authorization of Internet financial patents are very low, and the PCT application and IPC classification of Internet financial enterprises are obviously unbalanced, that is, the region of patent application and the classification of patent application are too centralized. In addition, the contradictions and conflicts of Internet financial patent legislation, patent examination rules and the scarcity of related cases show that the level of Internet financial patent protection in China lags behind the development of financial innovation, and can not meet the actual needs. Based on this, China’s Internet financial patent protection should adhere to the idea of legislative follow-up, enterprise-led and national planning, and start to solve this problem by expanding the scope of protection of the existing patent law and gradually conforming to the patent examination rules. 专利是激励互联网金融创新的最强助力。然而,近年来中国互联网金融专利保护现状并不理想。相比全国专利申请量和授权量,互联网金融专利的申请量和授权量都是极低的,且互联网金融企业的PCT申请和IPC分类都存在明显的不均衡状态,即专利申请的地域和专利申请分类都过度集中。另外,从中国互联网金融专利的立法、专利审查规则的矛盾和冲突,以及相关涉诉案例的稀少,均表明我国互联网金融专利保护水平严重滞后于金融创新的发展,已经无法满足现实需要。基于此,中国互联网金融专利保护应秉持立法跟进、企业主导和国家规划这一思路,并从扩大现有专利法保护范围,逐步与专利审查规则相一致来入手切实解决这一问题。
중국 BIT상 최혜국대우조항의 투자자-국가 간 분쟁해결절차에 적용에 관한 연구
장만,하현수,Zhang, Man,Ha, Hyun-Soo 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.10 No.1
This paper examines the most-favored-nation treatment clause on the BITs concluded by China and examines the attitudes of China on the application of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to the ISDs by period as the scope of arbitration increases. Moreover, this study pointed out the problems that would be exposed if the most-favored-nation treatment clause applies to ISDs and then also suggested solutions. The conclusions of this study are as follows; if the Chinese government strictly restricts the applicable expansion of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to the dispute settlement procedure by considering only the position of the capital importing country, it implies a contradiction against the development trend of the arbitration system related to international investment disputes. Of course, in order to protect the rights of Chinese investors investing abroad, expanding the applicability of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to the ISDs procedure unconditionally may have a negative impact under China's dual status of being a capital-importing country and a capital-exporting country. Therefore, China should clearly define the scope of application of the most-favored-nation treatment clause, the completion of the local remedy for the host country in cases of BIT to be concluded in the future or amended, and also clearly define that the most-favored-nation treatment clause should not be retroactively applied into BITs already concluded as an exception of applicability of the most-favored-nation treatment.
적조원인종인 Prorocentrum minimum의 온도에 따른 생화학적 조성의 변화
장만,조진하,신경순,이우성,이택견 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.4
적조원인종인 Prorocentrum minimum의 생화학적 조성의 변화에 대한 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. 성장조건은 14:10h(L:D)로 설정하였으며, 15∼30℃의 온도범위에서 실험을 수행하였고, 지수함수기에 세포를 모아 생화학적 구성성분을 분석하였다. 25℃에서 배양한 세포의 성장은 30℃에서 배양한 세포의 성장과 거의 유사하였다. 25℃와 30℃에서 배양한 세포와는 달리 15℃에서 배양한 세포는 MGDG/DGDG 비율이 크게 감소하였으며 photosystem Ⅱ의 활성도 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Phosphatidylserine과 phosphatidic acid의 양이 저온에서 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 P. minimum의 성장을 위한 최적온도는 25℃이며, 저온(15℃)은 세포의 활성도와 광합성능을 저하시켰다. Effects of various temperature on the biochemical composition of Prorocentrum minimum, a dinoflagellate causing red tide, were examined. Cultures were grown under 14:10h light:dark (L:D) regime at three temperatures ranging from 15 to 30℃ and harvested at late-logarithmic phase for analysis of biochemical composition. Growth pattern of cells grown at 25℃ was similar to the cells grown at 30℃. The levels of protein, carbohydrate and lipid increased as temperature declined. In contrast to the cultures grown at 25 and 30℃, the MGDG/DGDG ratio and activity of photosystem Ⅱ significantly decreased in the cultures grown at 15℃. The levels of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid were high in the culture grown at 15℃. Our data shows that optimal temperature for the growth of P. minium is 25℃ and low temperature(15℃) affected the cellular activity and photosynthesis of the cells.
장만(?曼) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2018 江原法學 Vol.55 No.-
인터넷금융의 혁신에 가장 큰 기여를 하는 것은 특허이다. 그러나 최근 중국 인터넷금융특허보호의 운영현황이 그다지 이상적이지 못하다. 인터넷금융특허에 대한 특허의 출원 건수나 특허획득 비율은 기타 특허의 출원 건수와 획득 비율에 비해 매우 낮은 편이다. 또한 인터넷금융기업의 PCT 신청과 IPC 종류는 모두 현저한 불균형 상태를 보이고 있다. 즉 특허 출원의 지역과 특허 출원의 종류는 한 부분에 지나치게 치우치고 있다. 그밖에 관련 입법과 판례 분쟁 등에서 나타나는 문제점들은 중국 인터넷금융특허보호의 정도가 심히 낙후하다는 것을 표명하며 현실의 수요를 만족시키지 못하고 있음을 말해준다. 이에 본문은 중국 인터넷금융특허보호는 입법개선, 기업주도와 국가계획을 통해 현존하고 있는 특허보호의 범위를 확대하는 측면으로부터 이러한 문제점들을 해결해야 한다고 주장한다.