재활심리분석시스템의 폭주서비스 감내를 위한 지연기반 인증모델

임호찬,김영수,Lim, Ho-Chan,Kim, Young-Soo 한국정보통신학회 2013 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.17 No.9

급변하는 사회 속에서 개인의 심리적, 정신적 건강과 개인이 속한 가정이나 학교, 직장에서 일어나는 부적응 문제를 해결하기 위한 온라인 개인 심리검사의 수요가 증가되고 있다. 하지만 인터넷 기반 심리검사는 악의적인 공격자에 의해 폭주서비스를 통한 서비스 거부공격의 취약성이 존재한다. 따라서 서비스 거부공격을 억제하고 합법적인 사용자에게 최대한의 보안성과 가용성을 제공할 수 있는 시스템의 능력이 요구된다. 이의 해결책으로 지연 프로토콜을 수용한 부하가중 인증모델을 제안하고 검증하였다. 제안 모델은 인증의 점진적인 강화 기법을 사용해서 급속하게 증가하고 있는 서비스거부공격을 억제하고 서비스의 지속성을 보장함으로써 보안서버시스템의 신뢰성을 높여 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Today's rapidly changing society can lead to maladaptive behaviors. In the situations, rehabilitation psychology analysis using the on-line test be needed to solve the problem. However, Internet-based rehabilitation psychology analysis by a malicious attacker may still be vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks. The service flooding attacks render the server incapable of providing its service to legitimate clients. Therefore the importance of implementing systems that prevent denial of service attacks and provide service to legitimate users cannot be overemphasized. In this paper, we propose a puzzle protocol which applies to authentication model. our gradually strengthening authentication model improves the availability and continuity of services and prevent denial of service attacks and we implement flooding of service tolerance system to verify the efficiency of our model. This system is expected to be ensure in the promotion of reliability.

청각장애 청소년의 비언어성 레이븐 SPM 지능검사의 수행척도 비교

임호찬 ( Ho Chan Lim ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2006 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.7 No.4

지능은 크게 경험의 양을 측정하는 s 요인과 사전 경험을 많이 요구하지 않는 g 요인으로 나누어진다. 그리고 현재 사용 중인 지능검사는 두 요소를 평가하기 위한 목적으로 개발된 것이다. 본 연구는 지금 사용 중인 지능검사 중에 추론능력의 근간인 g 요인을 가장 많이 평가한다고 알려진 레이븐(Raven) SPM(Standard Progressive Matrices)를 사용하여 청각장애청소년의 지적능력을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 청각장애 학교에 재학 중인 청소년과 또래 연령집단 비 장애 청소년을 대상으로 SPM 지능검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 청각장애 청소년은 각 연령별로 약 10점정도 낮은 지능지수를 보였다. 그러나 만 15세 전·후의 집단 경우는 이 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 결과는 아마도 청각장애 청소년의 추론능력은 15세 무렵에 정점에 도달할 수 있음을 의미하는 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 다음에 SPM 각 문항에 대한 정답률을 청각장애 청소년과 또래 비 장애 청소년 집단과 비교하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 두 집단 간의 정답률 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 조심성을 많이 요구하는 한 문항에서는 청각장애 청소년이 우세하였으나, 비교적 고차원적인 추론을 요구하는 문항에서는 비장애 청소년 집단이 우세하였다. 이 결과는 바탕으로 청각장애 청소년의 추론능력 발달에 한계가 있을 가능성과 함께 IQ 110 이상의 집단은 비 장애 청소년과 비슷한 능력을 보이고 있음도 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 레이븐 SPM 지능검사가 비교적 청각장애인의 지적능력을 잘 평가할 수 있음을 시사해주는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of Raven SPM intelligence test of the hearing impaired adolescents. The assessment values were analyzed according to the IQ under the Korean SPM standard score. A population of 115 adolescents with hearing impaired was evaluated using Raven SPM test. To compare the item correct ratio, the 24 matched normal adolescents was also assessed by the same test. Results of this study were as follows; first, the hearing impaired adolescents generally showed 10 points lower than the Korean SPM standard score. But the group of age 15 did not show the IQ difference though the standard deviation was a little higher. It probably told us that the eduction ability which the Raven test evaluated got to top level around age 15. Second, the correct ratio of the SPM items was not shown differently except two items. An item which needs some caution to find out the correct answer was advantageous to the hearing impaired adolescents. The other item which needs a little higher eduction ability was advantageous to the normal adolescents. There were no differences on the eduction ability over the IQ 110 adolescents with the hearing impaired. These results showed that the Raven SPM intelligence test could be resonable test for the hearing impaired adolescents.

GATB 직업적성 영역과 레이븐 지능검사 간이 연관성

임호찬(Ho-chan Lim) 한국재활심리학회 2004 재활심리연구 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analysis the correlations between the GATB and the non-verbal Raven intelligence test according to the type of disabilities. The GATB sub-scales were the Intelligence, Verbal aptitude, Numerical aptitude), Clerical perception, Spatial aptitude, Form perception), and Aiming and Eye-hand coordination. Subjects were 114 college students who were consisted of 62 persons with disabled and 52 non-disabled persons. The type of disabilities were a cerebral lesion, a cerebral palsy, a developmental disorder, a physically disabled, and a hearing disorder. All subjects got GATB and Raven intelligence test. Subjects with a hearing disabilities showed a highest intelligence in the Raven test, however subjects with a physically disabled showed a highest in the intelligence of the GATB sub-scales which required a verbal ability for response. The correlation between the Raven test and the GATB sub-scales was a little different according to the type of disabilities. In the subjects with cerebral lesion or cerebral palsy, firstly there were significant correlations between the Raven test and the intelligence and the spatial aptitude of GATB. Subjects with a physically disabled or developmental disorder showed significant correlations between the Raven test and the every sub-scales of GATB, but subjects with a hearing disabilities only showed a significant correlation in the Raven and the numerical aptitude of GATB. In the job aptitude, though subjects with cerebral lesion was closed to the GSP jobs and subjects with cerebral palsy was to the GVQ jobs, there was needed more education and job training to fit the quality. But subjects with a developmental or a physically disabled had enough qualifications for the QP jobs. Subjects with a hearing disabilities showed the qualifications for the whole jobs which was strongly not needed to a verbal ability.

미술치료교육이 미세뇌기능장애아의 시지각 기능에 미치는 효과

임호찬 ( Ho-chan Lim ),김미경 ( Mi-kyung Kim ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2005 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.6 No.4

본 연구는 미술치료교육 프로그램이 미세뇌기능장애아의 시지각 기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구대상아동은 출생 시에 신생아패혈증으로 진단되었고, MRI상으로는 이상 진단이 없었으나 발달지체와 사시를 포함한 시지각적 장애, 협응 운동기능의 장애를 가지고 있었다. 이로 인하여 Frostig의 시지각 발달검사(DTVP)와 동적가족화(KFD)에 뚜렷한 지체가 있었다. 미술치료교육의 효과는 시지각 발달검사(DTVP)를 1차, 2차, 3차 실시하여 점수를 비교함으로써 양적분석을 하였고, 사전과 사후에 실시한 동적가족화(KFD)의 변화와 치료진행 과정의 각 단계에서 치료과업과 목적에 따른 아동의 수행 특징과 변화를 기술함으로써 질적 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 미술치료교육이 시지각 영역 중시각-운동 협응과 지각의 항상성 점수의 증가에 효과가 있었으며, 공간 위치 지각 점수의 증가에도 효과가 있었다. 반면, 도형-소지 변별과 공간관계 지각 점수의 증가에는 효과가 적거나 없었다. 전체적으로 볼 때 지각지수(PQ)가 37점 증가하여 시지각 기능수준이 백분위1-2%에서 사후에는 58%로 증가되었다. 그리고 동적가족화에서는 인물을 묘사하지 못하고 위축되어있던 자아상으로부터 점차 또래나 타인과 관계를 형성하려 하고 스스로 새로운 과제를 반복하면서 성취하려는 욕구를 보이게 되었다. 본 연구는 시지각 발달검사에 초점을 맞추어 미술치료교육의 효과를 검증한 만큼 이를 기초로 하여 향후에 다양한 평가기준과 미술치료교육프로그램이 연구되고 개발될것을 기대한다. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Art Therapy Education (ATE) to the Visual Function of a child who had Minimal Brain Dysfunction(MBD). The program of Art Therapy Education(ATE) was grounded by the Gestalt Psychology``s Organizational Rules. Therefore it was selected the applicable art media and education method to meet the level of the her visual function. After applying ATE program, the Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP) and Kinetic Family Drawing(KFD) were retested. As results, it were found that the domains of VM(visual-motor coordination), PC(perceptual constancy) and PS(position in space) and KFD(Kinetic Family Drawing) were effectively advanced through ATE. While the domains of FG(figure-ground perception) and SR(spatial relation) did not changed significantly. The ATE was effective for the visual function of the child, especially VM, PC and PR. This study was single case that it could be difficulty to generalize the results. Based on these results, various assessment method and multiple Art-Therapy-Education programs for MBD should be studied and developed hopefully.

발달장애 학생을 양육하는 어머니가 인식하는 자녀의 성행동에 대한 연구

이수옥 ( Su-ok Lee ),임호찬 ( Ho-chan Lim ) 한국발달장애학회 2022 발달장애연구 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 발달장애 학생을 둔 어머니가 인식 또는 목격한 자녀의 성행동 표출 연령을 조사하고, 성행위 표출유형과 빈도, 목격 장소를 조사한 연구이다. 연구를 위해서 A도 B시와 C시에 거주하는 59명의 응답내용을 분석하였다. 기술 통계와 항목별 백분율을 분석하였다. 연구결과를 보면, 총 59명 중 53명(89.8%)이 자녀의 성행동을 목격한 것으로 나타났으며 발달장애 학생을 둔 어머니가 인식하는 자녀의 성행동 시작연령은 평균 5.72로 자녀의 성행동 시작 연령이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 성행동 유형은 분석결과 자위행위가 50.8%였으며, 성행동 빈도는 일주일에 평균 10.91회로 성행동이 비교적 잦은 것으로 나타났다. 응답자 58명 중 51명(86.4%)이 자녀의 성행동 지도에 관한 교육을 받을 의향이 있다고 응답하였으며, 발달장애 자녀를 양육하고 있는 부모들 대상으로 성행동에 대한 지도 및 대처방법 교육프로그램을 개발할 필요성이 있음이 시사된다. This study investigates the age of sexual behavior expression of children perceived or witnessed by mothers with developmental disabilities, and investigates the type, frequency, and place of sighting of sexual behavior expression. For the study, the responses of 59 people living in B and C cities in A were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and itemized percentages were analyzed. According to the results of the study, 53 out of 59 people (89.8%) witnessed their children's sexual behavior, and the average age of children's sexual behavior perceived by mothers with developmental disabilities was 5.72, indicating that the age of their children's sexual behavior was low. As a result of the analysis, the type of sexual behavior was 50.8% due to masturbation, and the frequency of sexual behavior was 10.91 times a week on average. 51 out of 58 respondents (86.4%) said they were willing to receive sexuality guide education for their children's sexual behavior, suggesting that there is a need for sexuality education and how to cope with their children's sexual behavior.

일상생활동작 평가를 통한 뇌성마비아동에 대한 연구

박윤기(Youn Ki Park),임호찬(Ho Chan Lim),안병즙(Byung Jub Ahn),배성수(Sung Soo Bae) 대한물리치료학회 1989 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This study aims at helping cerebrally palsied children to overcome and minimize their sufferings, inducing them to perform ordinary activities of daily living for themselves by coducting ADL. Tests which are fundamental activities in daily life and presenting treatment plan for their overall rehabilitation and basic data for achieving the training objective. For that purpose, 173 cerebrally palsied children were selected and given ADL performance Tests from Dec. 1987 to Oct. 1988 and the following results were obtained 1. Correlation coefficients for each ADL category indicated significant statistical value at .01 level. 2. Correlation coefficient between school-year variable and ADL category variable was singificant at .01 level. 3. Correlation between age variable and ADL variable category proved significant at .01 level as well. 4. Correlation coefficients between each category in terms of functional state of extremities were significant at .01 level. 5. The difference in ADL achievements between each category by school year were as follows ; 1) In the category of meeting nature`s call, the age span of more than 4 school years showed statistical significance. 2) In the category of putting off and on clothing, the age span of 3 school years indicated statistical significance. 3) In taking meals statistical significance was found in the age span of 4 school years. 4) In finger movements the age span of more the 4 school years indicated statistical significance. 5) In walking activities statistical significance was noticed in the age span of 2 or 3 school years. Besides, in category by school year, and exceptional case was noticed that the 6th graders were lower than the 5th graders in self-reliance rate. 6. the difference in ADL achievements by type of palsy, children of triplegia were the lowest, while those of monoplegia were the highest. 7. The difference in ADL achievements by kind of palsy, patients of athetosis showed lower rate of self-reliance than those of spasticity, and particularly the latter showed a high rate of self-reliance in taking meals (83.5%). The former were relatively low in self-reliance and lowerst in meeting nature`s call (59.8%).

하노이탑 게임이 경도지적 장애와 ADHD 복합증상 청소년의 실행기능에 미치는 효과

김선미 ( Sun-mi Kim ),임호찬 ( Ho-chan Lim ) 한국발달장애학회 2024 발달장애연구 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 경도지적장애와 ADHD 복합증상 청소년의 실행기능의 향상 즉, 억제능력 및 작업기억, 인지적 유연성을 향상시키기 위하여 시행된 단일사례연구이다. 실행기능을 향상시키기 위하여 전전두엽 훈련 프로그램으로 교육용 하노이탑 게임을 활용하여 2023년 5월 1일부터 7월 30일까지 주 2회로 총 20회기를 실시하였다. 하노이탑 게임의 주안점은 문제해결의 성공에 중요한 영향을 미치는 실행기능 즉, 억제능력, 작업기억 및 인지적 유연성을 향상시킴으로써 전전두엽 기능을 활성화하여 매우 다양하고 복잡한 사고를 할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 사전ㆍ사후 검사로 웩슬러지능검사(K-WISC-Ⅳ)에서 작업기억지표, 신경심리검사(Visual-CPT, Auditory-CPT, Digit Span), Raven지능검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다; 첫째, Visual-CPT, Auditory-CPT의 사전·사후 검사 결과 억제능력이 향상되었다. 둘째, 웩슬러지능검사에서 작업기억 및 Digit Span에서는 유의미한 변화는 없었다. 셋째, Raven 지능검사를 통한 평가 수치는 소폭 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들은 경도지적 장애와 ADHD 복합증상 청소년의 실행기능 향상에서 하노이탑 게임 훈련이 억제능력을 향상시키는데 부분적으로 효과가 있음을 시사한다. 한편, 작업기억 및 인지적 효율성에는 향상된 변화를 보이지 않았는데 이는 치료적 개입에 더 많은 시간이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 단일대상 사례연구이므로 일반화하기에는 한계가 있으며, 실행기능에서 억제능력 및 작업기억, 인지적 유연성 등 영역별 향상을 위해서 충분한 훈련시간을 필요로 하고 또한 다양한 중재방법이 개발될 필요성을 제언하였다. This study is a single case study conducted to improve the executive function of adolescents with mild intellectual disability and A DHD complex symptoms, that is, to improve inhibitory ability, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. A total of 20 sessions was conducted twice a week from May 1 to July 30, 2023, using the Hanoi Top Game as a prefrontal training program to improve the executive function. The main focus of the Hanoi Top Game is to activate the prefrontal function by improving the executive function that has a significant influence on the success of problem-solving, that is, inhibitory ability, working memory and cognitive flexibility, so that a wide variety of complex thinking can be made. As a pre-posttest, K-WISC-Ⅳ's working memory, neuropsychological tests (Visual-CPT, Auditory-CPT, Digit Span), and Raven test were performed. The research results are as follows; first, the inhibitory ability was improved as a result of the pre- and posttest of Visual-CPT and Auditory-CPT. Second, there was no significant change in the working memory and Digit Span in the Wechsler scale of intelligence. Third, the evaluation value through the Raven intelligence test decreased slightly. These results suggest that Hanoi Top Game training improved the subject's executive function, partially increasing the inhibitory ability. However, there was no improved change in working memory and cognitive flexibility, which seems to require more time for therapeutic intervention. Since this study is a single case study, it is limited to generalization, and it is suggested that sufficient training time is required to improve each area such as inhibition ability, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in the executive function, and various intervention methods need to be developed.

한국판 Raven 비언어성 지능검사에 관한 표준화 연구

임호찬 국립특수교육원 2003 특수교육연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 Raven 비언어성 지능검사 중에 유·아동용으로 개발된 CPM 을 한국 아동을 대상으로 표준화하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 3세에서 10세까지 아동 2,049명을 전국에 있는 어린이집, 유치원, 초등학교에서 선정하였다. 표본 점수는 6개월 단위로 백분위를 산출하였다. 백분위 점수 결과는 미국과 영국에 비해 백분위 점수 10-20 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 대만의 결과와는 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. CPM 문항에 대한 정답비율을 아동의 인지수준과 비교해서 논의하였다. 한 달 간격으로 검사-재검사 신뢰도 값은 0.74를 얻었고, 내적 일치성 신뢰도 Chronbach 알파는 0.83으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 CPM이 한국 유아동의 지적능력 수준을 평가하는데 활용될 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다. This study was established to standardize the CPM(Coloured Progressive Matrices) of Raven Progressive Matrices series for Korean children. The sample of 2,049 children between the age of three and ten years was selected in the nursery home, the kindergarten and the primary school. The standard score was obtained as percentile scores in terms of 6 months. The result of percentile scores was higher than American and England children about 10-20 percentiles, but was similar to Taiwan children. The ratio of correct response for each CPM item was discussed on relating to the cognitive level. Test-retest reliability for the CPM was 0.74 which was gathered to a subsample at one month interval. Internal consistency reliability Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. These results suggested that the CPM test, in some respect, could be applied to evaluate the intellectual ability for Korean children.

시각장애학생의 다면적 인성검사 반응연구

임호찬,김동연 大邱大學校 再活科學硏究所 1992 再活科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the MMPI in the visual-handicapped. The subjects consisted of 176 blind and amblyopia students(male:103, female:73), attending the middle and high school at Seoul, Pusan, taegu, Incheon, Mokpo areas. The results are summarized as follow: 1)The visual-handicapped group were generally higher than the normal group in the mean T-scores at the subscales, excepting Si scale of MMPI. 2)The typical profile pattern of the visual-handicapped group was F6827 type and it was also appeared, the male as F8627 and the female as F6281 according to sex. 3)In the validity scales of MMPI, the visual-handicapped group were higher than the control group in the scales of L,F,K. 4)The psychotic scales of MMPI was sallent in the visual-handicapped group, and female was showed higher than male in the neurotic scale fo MMPI.

지능검사 평가치의 상호비교 : Wechsler, K-ABC, Raven 지능검사를 중심으로 Wechsler, K-ABC, and Raven

임호찬 한국정서.행동장애아교육학회(구.한국정서학습장애아교육학회) 2003 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study is to compare the results of three tools, the Wechsler, the K-ABC, and Raven, in generating intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. A population of 52 children, ages 48 to 131 months, was evaluated three times, using each of the tools one time. The assessment values were analyzed according to total score, sub-category scores, and Pearson correlations. The Wechsler consists of two sub-categories; verbal and performance; the K-ABC consists of three sub-categories: sequential, simultaneous, and achievement, with a cumulative score for cognitive; and the Raven has no sub-category. The K-ABC produced a slightly higher than the others. The correlation between the Wechsler score and the K-ABC score was statistically significant. The Raven score could not be significantly correlated to the Wechsler score; however, the Raven score significantly correlated with the K-ABC sub-categories of simultaneous and achievement. These results indicate that each intelligence test evaluates different cognitive areas.