『국가필수해운제도』 도입과 해군의 정책적 과제

임요준(Lim, Yo-joon) 해군사관학교 해양연구소 2017 海洋硏究論叢 Vol.50 No.-

While Korea had pursued a closed-defense policy with continent-oriented national policy and national development strategy before modernization, but, after the liberation from Japan and the Korean War, it has been regarded as a successful model of a nation in politics and economics, pursuing a ocean-oriented national policy and vision. One of the factors contributed to national development was to put emphasis on maritime industry and develop maritime power. As the status of Korean maritime industry had been being risen along with industrialization, Korea entered the ranks of advanced countries and proved its national status as a advanced country in the international community by hosting G-20 summit in 2010. Internally, however, the absence of the government's active management and the lack of appropriate policies have led to various problems in the ocean. The government's maritime policy which failed to meet the rapid growth of the nation's marine transportation industry has caused an expected disaster such as safety management issues of Sewol ferry and the failure of Hanjin Shipping Co., Ltd. Still, we are exposed to the threat of war as the only divided nation in the world and also facing an economic crisis that key industries are faltering. Under these crises, institutional measures should be prioritized for early settlement of the ‘National Essential Shipping Program’ and a new maritime policy and maritime strategy must be established among the government ministries. In particular, the pivotal point of the ‘National Essential Shipping Program’ should be initiated from national-security perspective. Considering the availability for military purpose, ships' use should be classified by its strategic, operational, and tactical aspects. In addition, maritime manpower and port service should be well interconnected, which requires a close coordination among the government ministries. Furthermore, the government needs to review and recalculate the demand for mobilizing international ships in terms of 'the goods for sustaining government's function' and 'the supportive goods for people's survival and stability. What is more important is that 88 ships currently designated for the National Maritime System by Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries should be reconsidered whether it is proper volume or not since current volume has not considered the ships to be deployed for supplying munitions and transporting troops in wartime according to the Korea-US military treaty and loss factor of ship's damage. Therefore, to establish a solid foundation for 2018 National Maritime System, there should be more advanced research. For this reason, it is significantly demanded that naval personnel specialized in mobilization and experts in maritime logistics industry come forward to form a consultative group and become active participants.

자율운항선박과 IMO협약의 쟁점이 해사법제에 주는 시사점

임요준(Lim Yo-joon),이윤철(Lee Yun-cheol) 한국법학회 2018 법학연구 Vol.71 No.-

최근 해운업에도 예외 없이 제4차 산업혁명의 바람이 불고 있으며, `자율운항선박(MASS)` 의 개념이 적용되고 있다. 그 중심에는 인공지능과 무선통신의 발달을 근간으로 하는 원격제어선박 및 스마트선박 기술개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있기 때문이다. 무인선박이 도입되면 선박회사는 더욱 많은 물동량을 수송할 수 있게 되어 선원복지와 인건비 절감과 인적실수에 의한 해양사고의 감소를 전망하고 있다. 하지만, 자율운항선박은 법제화 하는 과정에서 신기술과 신생 산업 특성을 가지고 있어 기술의 부정적인 효과가 대두되고 있으며, 기술에 대한 올바른 이해의 부족으로 인해 그 기술에 수반되는 위험(Risk)의 발생 개연성, 정도, 내용 등의 불확실성이 있다. 따라서 자율운항선박(MASS) 안전의 신뢰성 문제로 MASS 규제 논쟁과 산업기술 간의 불균형이 법률적 공백기에 이르게 되었다. ‛자율운항선박(MASS)’에 관하여 조선해운의 최신동향과 국제해사기구(IMO)의 新전략계획(SP), 해사안전위원회(MSC), 해사법률위원회(LEG)에서 제시되고 있는 주요 의제와 쟁점들을 분석하여 한국의 국내법에 적용되어야 하는 해사법제의 방향과 부처간 협업의 중요성을 제시하고자 한다. As application of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship(MASS) suggest, the fourth industrial revolutions recently affecting maritime transport industry as well as all other industries. And this is due to the development of Smartship and Autonomous Surface ship which is based on the technological advance of A.I and wireless communication. Introduction of unmanned vessel is expected to bring about positive effects like increased welfare of sailors, reduction of personnel expenses, and prevention of maritime accidents. However, negative aspects of technology are emphasized during its legislation since it is a newly developed technology. Also the lack of information and incomplete apprehension about the technology can trigger uncertainty of degree, possibility and content of risk. According to the dispute over reliability of safety in MASS, disequilibrium between MASS regulation and industrial technology, and marginal space of legislation have been made. We are to suggest direction and cooperative tasks of applying maritime law to municipal law by analyzing recent tendency of Shipping-Industry, new strategical plan(SP) of IMO, and main agendas and disputes presented in MSC, LEG.

절충교역의 안보적 가치와 정책적 발전방안 연구

임요준(Lim, Yo-Joon) 해군사관학교 해양연구소 2020 海洋硏究論叢 Vol.53 No.-

The Navy's defense industry is a combination of shipbuilding and weapons industries, and a composite industry combined with various components. The government's policies and efforts are needed to foster the complex industry, and it is also an important industry sector that can lead to the convergence of technology in the future. If the policy is to leave the naval defense industry, a complex industry, to the general market economy, naval development could lead to low growth and security threats. If the naval defense industry is activated, it will facilitate the introduction and securing of strategic weapons by the Navy and affect the national economy and national security. Therefore, in order to foster an efficient naval defense industry, the civilian, government and military must collaborate to develop core technologies and mass-produce products. First of all, measures should be taken into account to establish an institutional system in which intellectual property related to the Navy's intellectual property rights can be owned in the private sector, and to ensure that personnel and budget are not wasted due to indiscriminate abuse of qualitative intellectual property rights. In addition, the operation of the dedicated department and the readjustment of the legal system concerning intellectual property rights within the Ministry of National Defense should be managed and satisfied in a policy manner. Only then can the strategic efforts of Off-Sets be approached at the pan-government level in the process of introducing weapons to acquire core technologies. Consequently, the entity implementing the Off-Sets would want to avoid exposing the core technologies by hiding information about the technologies it possesses. Compromise trade should be linked to medium- and long-term macro-views and policies rather than one-off, and the shipbuilding industry has huge costs, so if negotiations fail, the manpower and costs will be enormous. Therefore, it is impossible to foster the defense and shipbuilding industries without national choice and concentration. In short, the naval defense industry has a very large influence on diplomacy, politics, economy and national security, so it should develop and apply Off-Sets more carefully.

전투수행개념을 고려한 호위함 전투효과 평가 연구

임요준(Lim, Yo-Joon),김기태(Kim, Ki Tae) 해군사관학교 해양연구소 2020 海洋硏究論叢 Vol.53 No.-

Modern combat has been extended to the concept of real-time response to a variety of threats simultaneously occurring in vast areas. Frigates conduct anti-surface, anti-submarine, and anti-aircraft as the core forces of the fleet. This study is to evaluate the combat effectiveness of naval frigates considering the concept of combat performance using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). A hierarchical structure for evaluating the combat effectiveness was developed, and the weights of criteria were calculated by expert surveys with pairwise comparisons. In addition, the combat effectiveness of frigates was synthesized and compared.

4차 산업혁명시대 해군의 지식재산 고찰 - 산업기술 종속에 의한 안보협상 수단을 중심으로

임요준(Lim, Yo-joon) 해군사관학교 해양연구소 2019 海洋硏究論叢 Vol.52 No.-

The Navy's defense industry has an industrial structure mixed with shipbuilding technology and weapons systems technology, and features of the industry that requires long-term learning effects as a labor and capital-intensive industry. If the Navy’s defense industry misses a technical development period and has a prolonged slump, it will be costly and time-consuming in industrial revival, and the core technology of advanced countries will make the gap even more serious. Also, if Korea fails to take a technological lead in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, Korea will be forced to retreat from developed countries in the maritime sector to those that are subcontracted, thus limiting serious flaws in maritime security and the application of key technologies to naval buildup. To solve this problem, the Navy should operate the Intellectual Property Statement department to clearly present policy goals for protecting critical technologies and ensuring national security, and manage the intellectual property to realize national interests in the mid- to long-term. Therefore, the Navy's intellectual property research is required to avoid being affected by the construction of naval forces and national security by the dependency of critical technology

승선근무자의 병역법 논란과 비상대비자원법에 따른 역할수행 방안

이영수(Youngsoo Lee),임요준(Yojoon Lim),이윤철(Yuncheol Lee) 한국법학회 2018 법학연구 Vol.72 No.-

최근 국방개혁에 따른 병력감축과 대법원의 양심적 병역 거부 무죄 판결에 이어 병역법의 한 수단인 대체복무제가 국민적 관심으로 논쟁이 뜨겁다. 이와 관련된 여러 의견수렴에 있어서 반드시 지켜야 할 기준은 공정성과 형평성이다. 그 중 형평성은 대체복무제도의 성패를 가늠하는 중요한 열쇠이며, 무엇보다 현재 군 복무 중인 젊은이들의 사기(士氣) 저하가 국방력 약화로 이어질 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 국가비상사태 및 재난시 국가생존의 지속능력을 유지시키는 조선해운분야의 선박과 전문인력 등에 있어서 경영난의 침체와 저임금 외국노동자에 의해 시장의 점식되고 있다. 이에 병역법 상 승선근무예비역 제도의 관리상의 문제점이 심각한 수준으로 치닫고 있으며, 복지와 인권의 사각지대로 자리잡아 제도상의 보안이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 병역법에 대한 재진단과 향후 비상대비자원법 등이 국가안보와 해양력에 미치는 영향을 고찰해 보고 ‘승선근무예비역’의 형평성을 군사적 역할의 정당성으로 제시하고자 한다. This paper concerns the militarization of Merchant Marine Reserve for the naval force. The mobilization of merchant seamen in the history from Korean War to Iraq War exemplified the importance of merchant marines in sealift, and militarizing merchant marines and supporting mobilized merchant vessels have been pivotal for the victories in war. In times of war, Merchant Marine Reserve is thus expected to conduct roles as an irregular military component in modern warfare, and furthermore to serve as the fourth military force to assume strategical, operational, and tactical roles. This paper aims to present these strategical, operational, and tactical roles of merchant marines as military force and navy reserve force.

상대적 영향력 분석을 이용한 해군 장교 장기복무 선발제도 개선

김기태(Kitae Kim),임요준(Yojoon Lim) 한국해군과학기술학회 2022 Journal of the KNST Vol.5 No.1

A Study on the Measuring of Combat Effectiveness for Naval Frigates Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

김기태(Kitae Kim),임요준(Yojoon Lim) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2021 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.44 No.1

Modern combat has been extended to the concept of real-time response to a variety of threats simultaneously occurring in vast areas. In order to quick command determination and accurate engagement in these threats, the combat system has emerged in frigate. Frigates conduct anti-surface, anti-submarine, and anti-aircraft as the core forces of the fleet. In this study, the combat effectiveness measures naval frigates using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method. A hierarchical structure for measuring the combat effectiveness was developed, and weights of criteria were calculated by expert surveys and pair-wise comparisons. In addition, the combat effectiveness of frigates was synthesized and compared. The weights for each attribute were calculated, and the weights for the three main attributes were in the order of act (0.594), evaluate (0.277), and see (0.129). As a result of calculating the weight, anti surface warfare (0.203) was the highest. The combat effectiveness of FFG Batch-III, which has advanced hardware and software and improved combat system capabilities, see (1.73 to 2.56 times), evaluate (1.68 to 2.08 times), and act (1.31 to 3.80 times) better than the comparative frigate. In summarizing the combat effects of the frigate, FFG Batch-III was 1.41~2.95 times superior to the comparative frigate. In particular, a group of experts evaluated the act importantly, resulting in better combat effectiveness.

ISAR 영상 기반 해상표적 식별을 위한 인공지능 연구

김기태(Kitae Kim),임요준(Yojoon Lim) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2022 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Artificial intelligence is driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution and is in the spotlight as a general-purpose technology. As the data collection from the battlefield increases rapidly, the need to us artificial intelligence is increasing in the military, but it is still in its early stages. In order to identify maritime targets, Republic of Korea navy acquires images by ISAR(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar) of maritime patrol aircraft, and humans make out them. The radar image is displayed by synthesizing signals reflected from the target after radiating radar waves. In addition, day/night and all-weather observations are possible. In this study, an artificial intelligence is used to identify maritime targets based on radar images. Data of radar images of 24 maritime targets in Republic of Korea and North Korea acquired by ISAR were pre-processed, and an artificial intelligence algo- rithm(ResNet-50) was applied. The accuracy of maritime targets identification showed about 99%. Out of the 81 warship types, 75 types took less than 5 seconds, and 6 types took 15 to 163 seconds.

함정의 다기능레이더(MFR) 자원할당 방안에 관한 연구

박영만,이진호,조현진,박경주,김하철,임요준,김해근,이호철,정석문,Park, Young-Man,Lee, Jinho,Cho, Hyunjin,Park, Kyeongju,Kim, Ha-Chul,Lim, Yo-Joon,Kim, Haekeun,Lee, Hochul,Chung, Suk-Moon 한국시뮬레이션학회 2019 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.28 No.1

다기능레이더(MFR)를 장착한 함정의 작전수행은 적의 위협에 대한 징후를 바탕으로 위협의 정도를 판단하고 이를 바탕으로 MFR 자원을 위협별로 할당하는 것으로 작전을 시작한다. 본 연구는 MFR 탐지체계를 가진 함정의 임무 시작 시 필요한 위협별 MFR 자원할당 문제에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 이용한 기법과 Greedy 기법을 이용한 MFR 자원할당 방안을 제시하여 그 결과를 비교분석하였다. 분석시 자원할당에 따른 탐지확률 함수가 선형인 경우와 지수형인 경우를 고려하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 시뮬레이션 기법과 Greedy기법의 결과는 서로 비슷한 자원할당 결과를 보여주고 있으며, Greedy 기법은 시뮬레이션 기법에 비하여 그 수행시간이 아주 짧아 실제 임무 수행 시에 이용 가능한 기법으로 판단된다. 여러 가지 위협의 정도에 대해 Greedy 기법을 이용하여 MFR 자원할당 결과를 분석하였다. A warship equipped with Multi Function Radar(MFR) performs operations by evaluating the degree of threats based on threats' symptom and allocating the resource of MFR to the corresponding threats. This study suggests a simulation-based approach and greedy algorithm in order to effectively allocate the resource of an MFR for warships, and compares these two approaches. As a detection probability function depending on the amount of allocations to each threat, we consider linear and exponential functions. Experimental results show that both the simulation-based approach and greedy algorithm allocate resource similarly to the randomly generated threats, and the greedy algorithm outperforms the simulation-based approach in terms of computational perspective. For a various cases of threats, we analyze the results of MFR resource allocation using the greedy algorithm.