생고시용(生藁施用)과 Diazinon의 운용(運用)이 토양중(土壤中) Diazinon의 분해(分解)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이해근,Lee, Hae-Keun 한국응용생명화학회 1981 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.24 No.1

Studios on the effects of rice straw amendments, soil autoclaving and repeated application related to disappearance of diazinon (diethyl 2-isopropyl -4-methyl -6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothionate) in submerged soils and paddy water were conducted under the laboratory conditions. Degradation of diazinon was slightly accelerated by the amendment of rice straw. The amended soil had 2.4 days shorter half life for diazinon than unamended soil. By autoclaving soils, diazinon degradation was greatly inhibited. The autoclaved soil had about 20 days longer half life for diazinon than the non-autoclaved soil. After repeated application of diazinon granules to the submerged soils, rapid degradation of the insecticide occured in flooded soils and paddy water. The development of diazinon degrading factors in flooded soils and paddy water after repeated application was roughly proportional to the increase of the frequency of diazinon application. By autoclaving soils and paddy water which received repeated application of diazinon, no rapid biodegradation of the insecticide occurred during the 30 days incubation period. 토양처리형(土壤處理型) 살충제로 널리 사용(使用)되고 있는 diazinon입제(粒劑)의 토양중(土壤中) 분해(分解)에 대(對)한 생고(生藁), 토양살균(土壤殺菌) 및 약제연용(藥劑連用)의 영향(影響)을 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果), 1. 생고시용(生藁施用)으로 토양중(土壤中) diazinon의 분해(分解)가 다소(多少) 촉진(促進)되는 경향(傾向)으로, 생고무시용구(生藁無施用區)에 비(比)해 생고시용구(生藁施用區)는 그 반감기(半減期)가 약(約) 2.5일(2.5日) 단축(短縮)되었다. 2. 토양(土壤)의 살균처리(殺菌處理)로 diazinon의 분해(分解)는 현저(顯著)히 지연(遲延)되었으며, 무살균토양(無殺菌土壤)에 비(比)해 살균토양(殺菌土壤)은 그 반감기(半減期)가 약(約) 20일정도(20日程度) 지연(遲延)되었다. 3. diazinon입제(粒劑)의 연용(連用)으로 토양(土壤)과 표면수중(表面水中) diazinon의 분해(分解)는 현저(顯著)히 촉진(促進)되었으며, 이러한 현상(現象)은 연용회수(連用回數)가 증가(增加)할수록 심(甚)하였다. 토양(土壤)보다는 표면수(表面水)에서 더욱 현저(顯著)한 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 연용처리(連用處理)한 토양(土壤)과 표면수(表面水)를 살균처리(殺菌處理)한 결과(結果)는 토양(土壤)과 표면수(表面水) 공(共)히 diazinon 분해(分解)에 미치는 연용(連用)의 영향(影響)은 거의 없었다.

무우와 당근에 의(依)한 Phorate의 흡수(吸收), 전이(轉移) 및 대사(代謝)

이해근,홍종욱,Lee, Hae-Keun,Hong, Jong-Uck 한국환경농학회 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.1

아열대기후조건하(亞熱帶氣候條件下)에서 채소중(菜蔬中) phorate의 행동(行動)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 phorate 립제(粒劑)(10%)를 40㎏ a.i./ha의 비률(比率)로 토양혼합처리(土壤混合處理)한 후 무우와 당근을 재배(栽培)하면서 이들 채소(菜蔬)에 의(依)한 phorate의 흡수(吸收)와 대사(代謝)를 GLC와 TLC로 조사(調査)하였다 토양(土壤)에 처리(處理)된 phorate는 무우와 당근의 뿌리를 통(通)해 흡수(吸收)되어 잎으로 신속(迅速)히 전이(轉移)되었다. 채소(菜蔬)의 뿌리와 잎에서 검출(檢出)된 화합물(化合物)은 주(主)로 phorate와 phorate sulfoxide 및 phorate sulfone이었다. 무우잎중(中) 총잔류농도(總殘留濃度)는 뿌리에 비(比)해 훨씬 더 높았으나, 당근은 이와는 반대(反對)로 뿌리가 잎보다 더 높은 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. 무우잎 중(中) 잔류농약(殘留農藥)의 분포(分布)를 본 결과(結果), midrib보다는 leaf lamina가 훨씬 더 높은 잔류량(殘留量)을 함유(含有)하였다. 채소(菜蔬)뿌리 중(中) 총잔류농도(總殘留濃度)는 시일(時日)의 경과(經過)와 더불어 급격(急激)히 멸소(滅少)하였으나 무우 뿌리당(當) 총잔류량(總殘留量)은 이와는 달리 시일(時日)의 경과(經過)와 더불어 오히려 증가(增加)하였다. 따라서 뿌리 중(中) 잔류농약(殘留農藥)의 급격(急激)한 농도감소(濃度減少)는 이들 농약(農藥)들의 분해(分解)에 의(依)한 결과(結果)라기 보다는 오히려 뿌리의 왕성(旺盛)한 비대생장(肥大生長)으로 인(因)한 이들 농약(農藥)의 희석(稀釋)이 주원인(主原因)으로 사료(思料)되었다. 한편 무뿌리당(當) 총잔류량(總殘留量)(I, ㎎/root)과 뿌리무게의 평방근(平方根)(${\surd}\overline{W}$)과의 관계(關係)를 본 결과(結果) I=0.020${\surd}\overline{W}$라는 식(式)이 성립(成立)되었다. To get information on the behavior of phorate in vegetables under the subtropical conditions, phorate granule (10%) was applied to silt loam soil at the rate of 40㎏ a.i./ha and incorporated to 10㎝ soil depth just befere sowing. Insecticide residues in vegetables were determined with GLC and confirmed qualitatively with TLC. Phorate and its metabolites were absorbed by the radish and carrot roots and rapidly translocated into foliages. The compounds detected in vegetables were phorate, phorate sulfoxide, and phorate sulfone. Residue levels of compounds in radishes were higher in foliages than in roots and much more residues were present in leaf lamina than in midribs. The concentration of the total residues in vegetable roots was rapidly decreased with the time, while the amount of total residues in radish roots was increased with the time. Therefore, the rapid decline of residue levels in vegetables was mainly attributed to the dilution of insecticide residues by the rapid growth of these vegetables.

생고시용과 (生藁施用) Diazinon 의 연용이 (連用) 토양중 Diazinon 의 분해에 미치는 영향

이해근 ( Hae Keun Lee ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1981 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.24 No.1

토양중 농약잔류 허용기준 설정을 위한 자료

이서래,이해근,허장현 ( Su Rae Lee,Hae Keun Lee,Jang Hyun Hur ) 한국환경농학회 1996 한국환경농학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The usage level of pesticides in Korea reached the relatively high extent of 13 ㎏ a.i./㏊ for arable land, and therefore, establishment of legal standards on pesticide residues in soil environment has been requested. This paper presents relevant information on soil contamination and proposes tentative standards on 20 pesticides in agricultural, urban and forest soils, respectively, as well as needed background data to support the justification of the standards.

붉은곰팡이병에 감염된 맥류의 실험동물에 대한 안전성 평가

이제봉(Je-Bong Lee),정미혜(Mi-Hye Jeong),성하정(Ha-Jung Sung),이해근(Hae-Keun Lee),오병렬(Byung-Youl Oh) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.4

살충성 물질 2-carbomethoxy-4-chlorodiethyl phosphate의 유전독성 평가

이제봉(Je-Bong Lee),성하정(Ha-Jung Sung),정미혜(Mi-Hye Jeong),권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon),이해근(Hae-Keun Lee),김영구(Young-Koo Kim) 한국농약과학회 1998 농약과학회지 Vol.2 No.2

몇 가지 살충제의 혼용 및 혼합 시 독성반응

이제봉(Je-Bong Lee),정미혜(Mi-Hye Jeong),성하정(Ha-Jung Sung),이해근(Hae-Keun Lee),양재설(Jae-sul Yang) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.4

벼 멸구에 對한 Carbofuran의 殺蟲效果에 미치는 環境要因의 影響 (Ⅰ) 土性, 有機物, pH.溫度 : Effect of Environmental Factors on the Biological Toxicity of Carbofuran against the Brown Planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens STAL) Ⅰ.Soil Texture, Organic Matters, pH and Temperature

李炯來,李海根 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1987 農業科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

A study was conducted to determine the effects of environmental factors which were soil texture, organic matter, pH and temperature on the biological toxicity against the brown planthopper BPH, (Nilaparvata lugens STAL) when carbofuran 3% granule was applied in artificial controlled pots. The experimental results are shown as follows; 1.Soil texture did not affect the biological toxicity of carbofuran on the BPH until 7 days after treatment (DAT) of carbofuran 3%G, but thereafter loam type soil showed the higher efficacy than those of sandy loam and clay loam. 2.The lower contents of organic matters in soil, the higher mortality of the BPH. 3.Soil pH did not affect the mortality of the BPH until 4 DAT, but !he lower pH in soils, the higher mortality from 14 DAT. 4.When sprayed with BPMC, MIPC, carbaryl and diazinon, the effects of temperature on the mortality of the BPH showed that the higher temperature, the higher mortality at 1 DAT, but the reverse was the case at 4 DAT. In case of application with carbofuran and diazion granules, the mortality of carbofuran were decreased at 20℃ and that of diazinon at 20-25℃.

중기발암성시험기법을 이용한 Carbendazim의 간발암성 검색

성하정,이제봉,정미혜,이해근 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Carbendazim, which is widely used fungicide, was investigated for rat hepatocarcinogenesis using a medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay. All rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) i. p. and then, starting 2 weeks later, carbendazim treatment group and positive control group received carbendazim (7 mg/kg/ day) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, V/0, respectively, in the diet for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3 and sacrificed at week 8. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the number and area per cm" of induced glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver. Carbendazim had no effect in the increase of body weight, hematological and biochemical values, and the number and area of GST-P positive foci. These results suggest that this bioassay using DEN-PH method can be useful for detection of hepatocarcinogenic potentials of pesticide.

수도체중(水稻體) IBP 와 Isoprothiolane 의 잔류소장(殘留消長)

한기학,이해근,정영호 한국환경농학회 1982 한국환경농학회지 Vol.1 No.2

水稻體中 IBP와 isoprothiolane의 殘留消長에 미치는 撒布時期의 影響이 調査되었으며, 아울러 水深과 土性의 影響도 관찰되었다. IBP(17%, G)와 isoprothiolane(12%, G)을 各各 6.8과 4.8㎏ AI/㏊의 比率로 湛水土壤에 1回 撤布한 후 時期別로 水稻體中 殘留量을 gas chromatograph로 分析하였다. 撒布時期와는 無關하게 두 殺菌劑는 뿌리조직을 통해 植物體로 신속히 吸收, 轉移되었으며, 稻體中 두 殺菌劑의 濃度는 撤布時期와는 無關하게 24時間 이내에 最高에 이르렀다. 최대분얼기 撒布時 두 殺菌劑의 分解樣相은 비슷한 傾向으로 時間의 經過와 더불어 신속히 分解되었다. 한편 출수기 撒布時에 IBP의 分解樣相은 최대분얼기 撤布時와 비슷한 傾向이나 isoprothiolane의 그것은 아주 相異하였다. 즉 藥劑撒布後 3日에 나타난 最高濃度가 그후 25日까지 큰 변화없이 維持되었다. 한편 두 殺菌劑의 殘留消長에 미치는 水深의 影響은 별로 없었으며, isoprothiolane의 경우 壤土와 殖壤土에서 보다 砂壤土에서 栽培한 水稻體에서 더 높은 殘留量을 보이는 傾向이었다. Effect of the application time on the persistence of IBP and isoprothiolane in rice plant was studied in the field and effects of the water depth and soil texture on their persistence were also tested as a pot experiment. When granules were applied to the rice paddy water, two fungicides were readily absorbed through the root system and rapidly translocated to the upper parts of the plant. The concentrations of two fungicides in rice plant reached to the maximum within 24 hr regardless of the application time. When applied at the maximum tillering stage, the persistence pattern of two fungicides in plant showed similar trends; that is, residue levels of two compounds declined rapidly upto 7 days after application but more slowly thereafter. When applied at the heading stage, the persistence pattern of IBP in plant was similar to the maximum tillering stage while isoprothilane was quite different; 3 ppm reached on 3rd days after application was maintained almost constant for further 25 days. There was no effect of the water depth on the persistence of two compounds in plant and IBP concentration in plant was also not affected by soil texture. However, isoprothiolane in plant was higher in sandy loam than in loam and clay loam. Isoprothiolane residues in plant were much higher than those of IBP.