구연산 - 초산 - 유산계에서 구연산의 반응추출에 관한 연구

이한섭,강안수 ( Han Seob Lee,An Soo Kang ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.1

구연산-초산-유산계에서 구연산의 반응추출에 영향을 미치는 여러 인자를 규명하기 위하여 추출제로 2급과 3급아민 및 용매화추출제를, 용매로 n-butylacetate, MIBK, kerosine 및 xylene 등을, modifier로서 tributyl-Phosphate(TBP)와 isodecanol이 이용되었다. 그 외에 수용액상의 pH와, 온도의 영향을 연구하였고 평형상수도 얻었다. NaOH, Na_2CO_3, 및 K_2HPO_4, 알칼리 수용액에 의한 재추출 실험도 하였다. 실험결과 구연산의 추출에서 2급아민인 di-isotridecylamine(DITDA)이 추출도와 선택성에서 가장 좋았고 용매로서는 n-butylacetate가, modifier로서는 TBP가 우수하였다. 이외에도 수용액의 pH와 추출계의 온도가 낮을수록 추출도가 높았다. 재추출도는 stripping상의 염기도와 온도가 낮을수록 높아졌고 알카리 농도가 커질수록 높아졌다. For elucidation of various parameters` effects on the reactive extraction of citric acids, citric-acetic-lactic acid system with various carriers, diluents, and modifiers were investigated. Carriers used were secondary amines, tertiary amines, and solvation extractant. Diluents were n-butylacetate, methoisobutylketon(MIBK), kerosine, and xylene. Modifiers were TBP and isodecanol. The effects of temperature and pH in aquous phase were studied, and equilibrium constants for the reactive extraction were obtained. The re-extraction was performed by alkali solutions such as NaOH, Na_2CO_3, and K_2HPO_4. Based on the experiment, Di-isotridecylamine(secondary amine) gave higher degree of extraction and mere selective than other extractants tested for the extraction of citric acid. N-butylacetate and TBP showed heigher performance for a diluent and nudifier, repectively. The degree of extraction was getting better with decreasing the pH in the aquous phase and the temperature of extraction system. The degree of re-extraction was getting higher with decreasing basicity in the stripping phase and the system temperature, and with increasing the concentration of alkali solution.

당진산 점토의 중금속 흡착특성에 관한 연구

이한섭(Han Seob Lee),강안수(An Soo Kang) 한국환경보건학회 2000 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study deals with the adsorption characteristics of heavy metal with Dangjin clay under batch type operation. The adsorption was maintained under various experimental conditions; the initial concentration of pb²⁺ and cd²⁺ solution, the adsorbent weight and the contact time and pH. This results was as follows; the adsorption of pb²⁺ and cd²⁺ to the adsorbent reached the equilibrium adsorption in approximately 30 minutes. When the initial concentration of solution was low, adsorbent weight was 0.5 g and at alkalnity pH range, adsorptivity of pb²⁺ and cd²⁺ was increased. The adsorption isotherm equation to pb²⁺ agreed with the Freundlich isotherm equation. The Freundlich constant l/n was 0.3905, which meant a good adsorbent for the remove of pb²⁺.

아민 추출제에 의한 유기산의 반응추출 Ⅱ - Lewis Stirred Cell 추출기를 이용한 반응추출제에 의한 유기산의 물질이동 -

류운형,이한섭,유철휘,김용렬,강안수 ( Oon Hyung Ryu,Han Seob Lee,Chul Hwi Yoo,Yong Yeul Kim,An Soo Kang ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.6

Lewis식 교반추출장치에서 물질전달계수에 미치는 교반속도의 영향 및 무차원군의 관계를 구명하였다. Lewis식 교반추출장치에서 교반속도가 커질수록 유기산의 수용액측 물질전달계수는 증가하였고 추출도 또한 증가하였다. 그리고 0.05M 메타아크릴산을 Trioctylamine으로 추출하는 경우에 최적조건은 교반속도 200rpm, 추출시간 50분이었으며, 이때 물질전달계수는 5.52×10^(-5)m/s이었다. 또한 추출속도에 대한 무차원 상관관계를 얻었으며 그 결과는 본 실험에 사용한 유기산 중에서 아크릴산의 경우 Sh=(Re·Sc)^(0.97), 메타아크릴산의 경우 Sh=(Re·Sc)^(0.68)에 각각 비례하였다. 이때 이들의 상관식은 15% 이내의 오차 범위에서 일치하였다. The mass transfer coefficient of organic acid in aqueous phase and the degree of extraction were increased with increasing agitation speed in Lewis stirred cell extraction unit. The optimum conditions of agitation speed and the extraction time were 200rpm and 50min respectively for the case of 0.05M methacrylic acid extraction with trioctylamine, and in these conditions, the mass transfer coefficient was 5.52×10^(-5)m/s. Correlations of dimensionless group for extraction rate were obtained, such that Sh is proportional to (Re·Sc)^(0.97) in acrylic acid, and Sh is proportional to (Re·Sc)^(0.68) in methacrylic acid. Also, calculated values by using these correlation eqations were consistent within 15% error range with experimental ones.

아민 추출제에 의한 유기산의 반응추출 (Ⅰ) ( 유기산의 반응추출시 추출도에 미치는 추출제 및 용매의 영향에 관한 연구 )

류운형,이한섭,유철휘,김용렬,강안수 ( Oon Hyung Ryu,Han Seob Lee,Chul Hwi Yoo,Yong Yeul Kim,An Soo Kang ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.1

평형 추출장치를 사용하여 유기산의 물리추출과 반응추출에서 추출도에 미치는 추출제의 종류와 농도, 용매의 영향을 조사하였다. 사용된 유기산은 아크릴산과 메타크릴산이었고, 추출제로는 n-octylamine(OA)과 di-n-octylamine(DOA), tri-n-octylamine(TOA) 및 tri-octylmetyl ammonium chloride(TOMAC; Aliquat 336)을 사용하였다. 실험결과 반응추출에서 추출도는 물리추출의 경우보다 2∼9배 정도 증가 되었으며, 유기산의 추출도에 미치는 추출제의 영향은 OA, TOMAC, DOA 및 TOA의 순서로 추출도가 증가하였으며, 또한 추출제의 농도가 증가할수록 추출도가 증가하였다. 용매의 영향은 종래의 용매의 유전상수보다는 용해도인자에 의한 용매선택 방법이 신뢰성이 있었고, 용질과 용매의 용해도인자의 차이가 작을수록 추출도가 증가하여 케로진, 크실렌, 클로로포롬, MIBK 및 n-BAc의 순서로 좋아졌다. In physical and reactive extraction system using equilibrium extraction equipment, the effects of extractants, concentration of extractant, and solvent on the degree of extraction were investigated. The organic acids used were acrylic acid and metacrylic acid. Extractants were n-octylamine(OA), di-n-octylamine(DOA), tri-n-octylamine(TOA) and tri-octylmetyl ammonium chloride(TOMAC; Aliquat 336). We found that the degree of extraction for reactive extraction was 2∼9 times than that for physical extraction and that effect of extractants on the degree of extraction of organic acid was the order of OA<TOMAC<DOA<TOA. And the degree of extraction was increased with increasing the concentration of extractants. In solvent effect, solubility parameter was more effective than dielectric constant of solvent, and the degree of extraction increased as the difference of solubility parameter of solvent and solute decreased, therefore the order was kerosine<xylene<chloroform<MIBK<n-BAc.

Wheel 형 분무건조기에서 반응표면법에 의한 치즈 분말의 특성 해석

강안수,여경목,김용렬,김복남,안형환,이한섭 ( An Soo Kang,Kyung Mok Yeo,Yong Ryeol Kim,Bok Nam Kim,Hyung Hwan An,Han Seob Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.6

Wheel형 분무건조기에서 식품첨가제로 사용되는 치즈분말의 건조공정을 반응표면법에 의하여 원료의 고형분함량, wheel 회전속도 및 출구온도를 독립변수로 하고 분말제품의 수분함량, 겉보기밀도, 분말 입자크기 및 현탁액의 점도를 종속변수로 하여 중심합성계획법에 따라 분산분석한 후 유의성과 상관관계을 검증하였다. 독립변수와 종속변수들의 상관관계를 검증한 결과 입자크기와 수분함량은 wheel의 회전속도가 커질수록 감소하였고, 겉보기밀도는 출구온도가 높아짐에 따라 감소하였다. 현탁액의 점도는 wheel의 회전속도와 고형분함량이 커짐에 따라 증가하였다. 분말제품의 종속변수들의 상관관계에서 수분함량과 겉보기밀도는 비례 관계, 입자크기는 수분함량과 걸보기밀도와 반비례의 관계를 나타내었다. In the spray drying with rotating wheel atomizer of cheese powder, the relationships among variables were analyzed with Response Surface Methodology in which several independent variables such as total solid content, wheel rotation speed, and outlet temperature influenced dependent variables such as particle diameter, moisture content, bulk density, and viscosity of suspended liquid. Significance and correlation were tested according to central composite design. As a results of analyzing the correlations between independent and dependent variables, particle diameter and moisture content of cheese powder were decreased with increasing wheel rotation speed, and bulk density was decreased with increasing outlet temperature. Viscosity of suspended liquid were increased with increasing wheel rotation speed and total moisture content. In correlation among dependent variables, moisture content was proportional to bulk density, and particle diameter was inversly proportional to moisture content and bulk density.

Polysulfone을 이용한 bipolar막의 제조 및 전류/전압 특성

정세일 ( Se Il Chung ),유철휘 ( Cheol Hwi Ryo ),강안수 ( An Soo Kang ),이한섭 ( Han Seob Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.1

전기투석 공정에서 bipolar막은 높은 에너지 효율로 빠른 물의 해리(water-splitting)에 의한 염으로부터 산 및 염기를 재생하는데 효과적인 도구로서 점차 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기계적 강도가 우수하고 내화학성 및 열적 안정성이 우수한 polysulfone을 polu(phenylene sulfide sulfone)과 공중합시켜 block copolymer (BPSf)를 제조하였다. 양/음이온 교환막 제조 시 면적저항, 이온교환용량 및 함수율 등의 전기화학적 특성을 고려하여 최적 제막조건을 확립하였다. 양/음이온 교환막을 적층하여 bipolar막을 제조하였고 음이온 교환층에 변화를 주어 전류/전압 곡선을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 양이온 교환막은 BPSf와 chlorosulfonic acid (CSA)의 몰비가 1:3인 CEM3이 가장 우수한 전기화학적 특성을 보였고, 음이온 교환막은 triethylamine(TEA)의 농도가 30wt/%이고, 세척하지 않은 반응액으로 제조된 AEM1이 가장 우수한 전기화학적 특성을 나타내었다. Bipolar막의 경우는 CEM3과 AEM1로 제조했을 때 가장 우수한 특성을 보였으며, 100mA/cm^2의 전류밀도에서 4.1V의 막전위를 나타내었다. Bipolar membranes with effective water splitting capability, are gaining increased attention as an useful tool for the reproduction of acids and bases from the corresponding salts by electrodialytic process. In our research, the block copolymer (BPSf) of polysulfone and poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) were synthesized, which had excellent tensile strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. The optimum condition for manufacturing bipolar membrane was established in consideration of electrochemical characteristics such as area resistance, ion exchange capacity, and water content. The bipolar membranes were fabricated by stacking anion over cation exchange membranes and the TEA wt% was varied on anion exchange layer and its influence on current-voltage curve was investigated. It showed that the sulfonation conditions for preparation of cation exchange membrane (CEM3) found molar ratio of BPSf to chlorosulfonic acid to be 1:3. And anion exchange membrand (AEM1) aminated with 30wt% TEA without washing the reactant. These conditions exhibited the best electrochemical characteristics. The bipolar membrane prepared with these anion and cation exchange layers (AEM1 and CEM3), exhibited excellent electrochemical characteristics with 4.1 V membrane potential over current density of 100mA/cm^2.

Sulfa제를 사용한 합성 향균 polyacrylic acid의 향균 효과

이한섭,강안수 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.7 No.1

Antibiotics polymer prepared by chemical bonding and simple blending of antibacterial into polymers have attracted much interest because of their long-lasting and antibacterial activity. Antibiotics polymer can significantly reduce losses associated with dissolution, photolytic decomposition and volatillization. Further more, increased efficiency safety and selectivity are additional benefits which may be realized. In this study, Antibiotics polymer was synthesized by chemical reaction of polyacrylic acid with sulfamethazine by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) method. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined against Streptococcus pyrogenes [gram(+)]and Esherichia. coli.[gram(-)] using a standardized disc test. As a result, the synthetic antibiotics polymer exhibited the broad susceptibility against Streptococcus pyrogenes and Esherichia. coli. Especially, the antibiotic effect of antibacterial polymer against Gram negative(Esherichia. coli) was much stronger than that against Gram positive(Streptococcus pyrogenes).

새로운 화학적 해중합법에 의한 재생폴리올 제조

이한섭,강안수 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

Resource recovery ailed recycling of materials and products, including polyurethanes is viewed as a necessity in today's society Most urethane polymers are made from a polyol and a diisocyanate. these can be chemicals such as water, diamines or diols that react with isocyanate groups and add to the polymer backbone. The problems of recycling polyurethane wastes has major technological, economic and ecological significance because polyurethane itself is relatively expensive and its disposal whether by burning is also costly. In general, the recycling methods for polyurethane could be classified as mechanical, chemical and feedstock. In the chemical recycling method, there are hydrolysis, glycolysis, pyrolysis and aminolysis. This study, the work was carried out glycolysis using sonication and catalyzed reaction. Different kinds of recycled polyols were produced by current method(glycolysis), catalyzed reaction and sonication as decomposers and the chemical properties were analyzed. The reaction results in the formation of polyester urethane diols, the OH value which is determined by the quantity of diol used for the glycolysis conditions. The glycolysis rates by sonication for the various glycols, increased as fallows: PPG <PEG < DEG < EG. The recycled polyol of sonication reaction had much higher OH value, much lower decomposition temperature and time than the recycled polyol of current method in which same glycols and catalyst were used.

구리의 전기석출시 젤라틴이 물성에 미치는 영향

신석재,강현춘,안형환,강안수,김용렬,한성만,이한섭 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In the electrodeposition of copper foil for preparing printed circuit boards, a little amount of gelatin as a addition agent has been used for the better characteristics of a coat of electroplating. Gelatin modifies the physical properties such as mechanical strength, matte-side roughness, ultimate tensile strength(U.T.S), and elongation of copper foil, furthermore gelatin have influence on the structure of electrodeposits and the cathode polarization. The electrolyte used was of a composition; CuSO₄·5H₂O 300g/ℓ, H₂SO₄ 100g/ℓ, NaCl 10 ppm as a brightner, and was gelatin 0-7 ppm as a addition agent. Current density was 50 A/dm², and the temperature of electrolytic bath was 50 to 52 ℃. Experiments showed that the optimum gelatin concentration was 5 ppm with the consideration of the numbers of electrodeposited nuclei. And the nuclei numbers was sharply increased under 5 ppm, but was almostly constant above 5ppm. Average matte-side roughness by Surfcorder was gradually increased with the increasing gelatine concentration up to 2 ppm, and maximum roughness was observed at 2ppm. The roughness showed gradual decrease within the concentration range of 2 to 4 ppm, and was almost constant above 4ppm . Within the gelatine concentration range of 0 to 7 ppm, as the concentration increased, UTS was increased and elongation was decreased logarithmically. Also, in comparison between UTS and elongation, gelatin was identified as an addition agent acting inversely.

전 바나듐계 레독스-호름전지의 응용을 위한 양이온 교환막의 제조

강안수,유철휘,이한섭 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.1 No.1

Redox-flow battery has been studied actively as one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems for a wide range of applications such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic arrays, and excess power generated by electric power plants. By employing the same active material in both half-cell electrolytes, problems of cross-contamination inherent in other types of redox flow batteries, such as the Fe/Cr system, are eliminated in the all vanadium systems. To date, Selemion CMV and Nafion 117 as the cation exchange membrane have been the most widely used material in the research and development of all vanadium redox- flow battery. Despite of excellent results, the long-term stability of the Selemion CMV membrane in the all vanadium redox-flow battery is limited by the oxdizing nature of vanadium and Nafion 117 is too expensive. To solve these problems, the developement of cation exchange membrane that possess good chemical stability, high permselectivity and relatively inexpensive in comparison with the commercial membranes, is necessary. Based on 16, 20, 40, 50 and 60 ㎛ thickness polyethylene film as a starting membrane, the cation exchange membranes were prepared by chlorosulfonation reaction under irradiation ultraviolet. The PE-16(polyethylene of 16 ㎛ thickness) as a separator of all vanadium redox-flow battery which was obtained by the chlorosulfonation for 60 minutes under the irradiation of UV intensity 22,000 lux, showed the best result with electrical areal resistivity 0.61 Ω·㎠, transport number 0.97 and ion exchange capacity 0.8752.