Acupuncture Attenuates Cocaine-induced Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens and Voluntary Cocaine Intake in Rats

이학인,김미려,김소영,심인섭,한상원,진창배,양재하,Lee, Hak-in,Kim, Mi-ryeo,Kim, So-young,Shim, In-sop,Han, Sang-won,Jin, Chang-bae,Yang, Chae-ha The Korean Acupuncture Moxibustion Medicine Societ 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.4

목적 : 침(鍼)은 정신이상 및 약물중독과 같은 많은 기능상의 장애질환을 치료, 조정하는데 널리 쓰이고 있으며, 중추신경계에서 생화학적인 균형을 유지하는데 기여한다고 밝혀져 있다. 동물 연구에서 코카인의 강화 및 민감화 특성과 중추의 도파민 활성과의 관련 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 약물중독 치료에 이용할 수 있는 침의 효과를 규명하기 위하여 침자극 후 급성 코카인 투여에 의한 도파민 유리 및 자발적 코카인 섭취량에 미치는 침자극의 효과를 측정하였다. 방법 : 웅성 SD 쥐에 코카인 (1mg/kg, i.v.)의 주사 직전 양측의 신문혈(HT7)을 1분간 침자극 한 후, 측핵내 세포외액의 도파민 및 대사산물의 함량변화를 미세투석법을 이용하여 HPLC로 분석하였다. 침자극 후 two-bottle, free choice protocol을 이용하여 자발적 코카인 섭취량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 별도의 쥐를 이용하여 1회 동량의 코카인 정맥주사하고 2주간의 철회를 거친 다음 two-bottle, free choice protocol을 실시하여 자발적 코카인 섭취량과 급성 코카인 투여 후 측핵 중 도파민유리증가율 사이의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결과 : 신문혈(HT7) 자침이 코카인 1회 주사 후에 유도된 도파민 증가를 대조혈(내관혈(PC6), 또는 꼬리)에 비해 유의하게 억제하였으며 two-bottle choice protocol에 의한 동물의 자발적 코카인 섭취량을 억제하였다. 아울러 자발적 코카인 섭취량과 급성 코카인 투여 후 측핵 중 도파민유리증가율 사이에는 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 본 실험결과 침자극에 의해 자발적 코카인 섭취량이 억제되는 것은 측핵에서의 도파민 유리억제에 의해 중개되는 것으로 보여지므로 침자극은 코카인중독과 같은 약물의 중독치료에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

녹용약침과 인삼약침이 동물의 성장에 미치는 영향

이진만,김영태,이학인,손양선,진수희,이향숙,박히준,이혜정,임사비나,Lee, Jin-Man,Kim, Young-Tae,Lee, Hak-In,Son, Yang-Sun,Jin, Soo-Hee,Lee, Hyang-Sook,Park, Hi-Joon,Lee, Hye-Jung,Lim, Sa-Bi-Na 대한약침학회 2000 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.3 No.2

The effects of Cervus elaphus aquapuncuture and Ginseng Radix aquapuncuture on the growth, protein efficiency ratio, contents of total protein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in serum were studied for thirty four days. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Weight significantly increased in $0.3\%$ Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci and in $0.2\%$ Ginseng Radix aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci compared to normal saline aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci. 2. Protein efficiency ratio significantly increased in $0.2\%$ and $0.3\%$ of Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci and $0.1\%$, $0.2\%$ and $0.3\%$ of Ginseng Radix aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci compared to nonnal saline aquapuncture on Chunchu loci. 3. Total protein significantly increased in $0.2\%$ and $0.3\%$ of Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci compared to nonnal saline aqriapuncture On Chunchu loci. whereas it had a tendency to increase in $0.2\%$ Ginseng Radix aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci compared to normal saline aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci. 4. Total cholesterol increased a little in $0.3\%$ Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci compared to normal saline aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci. 5. Triglyceride significantly increased in $0.2\%$ Ginseng Radix aqua puncture group on Chunchu loci compared to normal saline aquapuncture group on Chunchu loci. Significance was acknowledged in the effect by density difference of medicines. In the Cervus elaphus group, there was the most significant increase in density of $0.3\%$ aquapuncture, whereas in Ginseng Radix group, there was the most significant increase in density of $0.2\%$ aquapuncture. So setting up density of medicines is important and many various studies for clinical application are required.

신문(神門) 침 자극이 급성 코카인 투여로 인한 보행성 활동량과 뇌내 c-Fos 발현에 미치는 효과

이봄비 ( Bom Bi Lee ),심인섭 ( In Sup Shim ),양재하 ( CheHa Yang ),이학인 ( Hak In Lee ),함대현 ( Dae Hyun Hahm ),이혜정 ( Hae Jeong Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2002 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.19 No.1

Substantial evidence suggests that behavioral and reinforcing effects of cocaine can be mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Injections of cocaine can produce one of the immediate-early gene, c-fos expression in the brain and behavioral activation. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many mental disorders such as drugs of abuse. In order to investigate whether acupuncture has an influence on cocaine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of acupuncture on cocaine-induced locomotor activity and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum using Fos-like-immunoreactivity(FLI). Male SD rats received acupuncture for 1 min after injection of cocaine hydrochloride(1 mg/kg, i.v.). The employed acupuncture point, Shenmen(HT7), has been clinically used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. Injections of cocaine produced a marked increase in locomotor activity and FLI in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Acupuncture at HT7, but not at control points(PC6, TE4 or tail), significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increase in locomotor activity and Fos-like immunoreactivity. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture may be reflected by reduction of postsynaptic neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Our results suggest that acupuncture may have a therapeutic effect on cocaine addiction.

한의학석사학위논문 요약 < 가 나 다 순 > : 한국인 태아인대골반의 체질인류학적 연구보유 ( 1967 )

이학인(Hak In Lee) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 1977 황제의학 Vol.2 No.2

手足三陽經과 頭頸部에 分布하는 腦脊髓神經에 關한 考察

李學仁(Hak In Lee) 대한한의학회 1995 대한한의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

초소형 플라이휠 에너지 저장 장치의 설계

이학인(Hak-in Lee),유승열(Seong-yeol Yoo),이지은(Ji-eun Lee),노명규(Myoungyu Noh) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5

We have designed a micro flywheel energy storage system in which the flywheel stores the electrical energy in terms of the kinetic energy and converts this kinetic energy into the electrical energy when necessary. The flywheel is supported by two radial permanent magnet passive bearings. Permanent magnet passive bearings use the repulsive forces between two sets of permanent magnets so that contact free rotation is possible. The toroidally-wound BLDC motor which has high efficiency and little additional negative radial stiffness is used for motoring and generation. Micro flywheel energy storage system is optimally designed to have the maximum energy storage capacity. In this paper, we present the design process of the micro flywheel energy storage system.

임차권 양도에 따른 임대차보증금반환채권의 이전과 지명채권 양도의 대항요건

이학인 ( Hak In Lee ) 법조협회 2014 法曹 Vol.63 No.12

This thesis is about whether it is needed to fulfil the requirements of Article 450(2) of the Civil Code- the requirements in order for a contractual right transferee to claim his/her right against a third partywhen the right to the security deposit is transferred by transferring the leasehold of a house· About the leasehold transfer, the Civil law only provides that a lessee could transfer the leasehold under lessor`s approval(Article 629 of the Civil Code)· So, it could be discussed that the Civil Code governing the assignment of the contractual right could also be applied to the leasehold transfer· But the Civil law has no regulation about this issue, either· This thesis will begin with researching the tendency of the Court Decisions about the above issue in Chapter Ⅱ· And then, Chapter Ⅲ will start the discussion with a focus on the legal nature of the leasehold transfer· It is a common view that the leasehold transfer is the transfer of contract-transfer of the legal status as a party to a contract· So, Part 2 in Chapter Ⅲ will discuss in general about the transfer of contract, and then Part 3 & 4 will give considerations to the intent of Article 450(2) of the Civil Code and the comparative features of the leasehold, and the following Part 5 will suggest an opinion about the above issue· As the leasehold transfer is accompanied with the transfer of the leased object, the risk of double transfer is low and the lessee`s transferee could easily check out that the leasehold`s already been transferred· Moreover, the necessity to protect lessees of houses is greater than that of monetary creditors· Therefore, it is more appropriate to see that it`s NOT needed to fulfil the requirements of Article 450(2) of the Civil Code, when the right to the security deposit is transferred by transferring leasehold·

홍화자·녹용·자하거 약침이 골다공증에 미치는 영향

육태한,이창현,이학인,Yook, Tae-Han,Lee, Chang-Hyun,Lee, Hak-In 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate on the effects of the Carthami semen Cervi pomtotrichum cornu Hominis placenta aquacupuncture on the osteoporosis in the rats Materials and Methods : In order to induce estrogen deficient osteoporosis, ovariectomy was done on rats. Then aquacupunctures were injected into the pai shu points corresponding to urinary bladder meridian of human body in experimental groups. And such indexes were measured as the change of body weight, bone mineral density, histological change of tibia, and levels of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus in serum. Results : 1. Significant changes of trabecular area % in epiphysis of tibia were shown between control group and experimental group II and between experimental group I and group II. 2. Significant changes of trabecular area % in diaphysis of tibia were shown between control and experimental groups. 3. Significant changes of serum osteocalcin were shown between control group and experimenta group I . 4. Significant changes of levels of serum bone alkaline phosphatase were shown between control group and experimental group I and II. Conclusions : The Carthami semen Cervi pomototrichum cornu Hominis placenta aquacupuncture is effective to estrogen deficient osteoporosis, ovariectomy was done on rats.

녹용(鹿茸) 및 녹용약침(鹿茸藥鍼)이 동물(動物)의 성장(成長)과 지능발달(知能發達)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김영태,손양선,진수희,한상원,심인섭,임사비나,이학인,Kim, Young-Tae,Son, Yang-Sun,Jin, Soo-Hee,Han, Sang-Won,Shim, In-Sop,Lim, Sabina,Lee, Hak-In 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.5

The effects of Cervus elaphus and Cervus elaphus aquapuncuture on body weight, protein efficiency ratio, body length, serum growth hormone and intellectual development were studied for thirty-four days. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Body weight significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture oral administration group compared to GH groups. 2. Protein efficiency ratio had no significant difference within all groups. 3. Body length significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group compared to GH injection group on 3rd day, tail length significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group and Cervus elaphus aquapuncture oral administration group compared to GH injection group but, body length has no significant difference within all groups. 4. Serum GH significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture oral administration group compared to that of GH injection group. 5. As results of observing memory acquisition using Morris water maze system, there was no significant difference within all groups. 6. As results of observing retention using Morris water maze system, staying times significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture oral administration group compared to that of GH injection group at Ist trial and 3rd trial. 7. As results of observing staining intensity of NADPH-d-positive neurons in tissue of hippocampal part, significant increasing of staining intensity were observed in septum and VDB of hippocampus in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture oral administration group compared to that of GH injection group. According to the above results, it is concluded that Cervus elaphus oral administration and Cervus elaphus aquapuncture on acupoint G39 showed effects on growth and intellectual development of animals.

원저 : 녹용 및 녹용약침이 동물의 성장과 지능발달에 미치는 영향

한상원(Sang Won Han),김영태(Young Tae Kim),손양선(Yang Sun Son),진수희(Soo Hee Jin),심인섭(In Sop Shim),임사비나(Sabina Lim),이학인(Hak In Lee) 대한침구학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.5

The effects of Cervus elaphus and Cervus elaphus aquapuncuture on body weight, protein efficiency ratio, body length, serum growth hormone and intellectual development were studied for thirty-four days. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Body weight significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture oral administration group compared to GH groups. 2. Protein efficiency ratio had no significant difference within all groups. 3. Body length significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group compared to GH in - jection group on 3rd day, tail length significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture group and Cervus elaphus aquapuncture - oral administration group compared to GH injection group but, body length has no significant difference within all groups. 4. Serum GH significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture·oral administration group compared to that of GH injection group. 5. As results of observing memory acquisition using Morris water maze system, there was no significant difference within all groups. 6. As results of observing retention using Morris water maze system, staying times significantly increased in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture - oral administration group compared to that of GH injection group at Ist trial and 3rd trial. 7. As results of observing staining intensity of NADPH-d-positive neurons in tissue of hippocampal part, significant increasing of staining intensity were observed in septum and VDB of hippocampus in Cervus elaphus aquapuncture . oral administration group compared to that of GH injection group. According to the above results, it is concluded that Cervus elaphus oral administration and Cervus elaphus aquapuncture on acupoint G39 showed effects on growth and intellectual development of animals.