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이학종,황성일,변종회,공훈영,정현숙,강미라 대한초음파의학회 2017 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.36 No.4
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess tumor angiogenesis using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of human prostate cancer cells (PC3) that were implanted in mice before and after paclitaxel injection. Methods: Twelve mice were injected with human PC3. The mice were grouped into two groups; one was the paclitaxel-treated group (n=6) and the other was the control group (n=6). Before administering paclitaxel into the peritoneal cavity, baseline CEUS was performed after the administration of 500 μL (1×108 microbubbles) of contrast agent. The area under the curve (AUC) up to 50 seconds after injection was derived from the time-intensity curves. After injection of paclitaxel or saline, CEUS studies were performed at the 1-week follow-up. Changes in tumor volume and the AUC in both two groups were evaluated. After CEUS, the microvessel density (MVD) was compared between the groups. Results: In the paclitaxel-treated group, the AUC from CEUS showed a significant decrease 1-week after paclitaxel administration (P=0.030), even though the tumor volume showed no significant changes (P=0.116). In the control group, there was no significant decrease of the AUC (P=0.173). Pathologically, there was a significant difference in MVD between both groups (P=0.002). Conclusion: The AUC from the time intensity curve derived from CEUS showed an early change in response to the anti-cancer drug treatment that preceded the change in tumor size. The findings of CEUS could serve as an imaging biomarker for assessing tumor responses to anti-cancer drug treatment.
산업재 판매요원에 대한 통제유형 , 반응 및 직무결과의 구조적 관계
이학식(Hak Sik Lee),정주훈(Joo Hoon Jeong),김효순(Hyo Soon Kim) 한국마케팅학회 2000 마케팅연구 Vol.15 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 산업재 판매요원에 대한 통제유형(역량통제, 결과통제, 및 자기통제)과 직무결과변수(직무만족도와 행동성과)간의 관계에 ①판매요원의 고객지향적 판매성향과 ②이의 선행변수로 판단되는 자아효험성과 적응력을 매개변수로 도입하여 이들 연구단위들 간의 구조적 관계를 조사하는 것이다. 한국석유화학업계의 판매요원들로부터 수집된 자료를 통한 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 역량통제 및 자기통제의 수준이 높을수록 판매요원의 자아효험성이 증대하였다(H1-1과 H2). 역량통제와 자기통제는 적응력에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않고, 자아효험성의 매개에 의하여 간접적으로 영향을 미쳤다(H3-1). 이에 비해 결과통제는 자아효험성에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 적응력에는 직접적으로 영향을 미쳤다(H1-2). 둘째, 판매요원의 핵심적 업무추진력이 되는 자아효험성과 적응력이 높을수록 고객지향적 판매성향이 높았다(H3-2와 H3-3). 또한 자아효험성이 높을수록 판매요원의 직무만족도가 높았으며(H4-1), 적응력이 높을수록 행동성과가 증대되었다(H4-2). 그러나, 판매요원의 고객지향적 판매성향은 직무만족도를 향상시키지 못하는 것으로 나타났다(H4-3). 셋째, 판매요원의 고객지향적 판매성향과 직무만족도가 높을수록 행동성과가 증대되는 것으로 나타났다(H4-4와 H4-5). 본 연구의 결론에서는 결과의 요약, 공헌점 및 실무적 시사점, 한계점, 그리고 미래연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.
이학중,남양일,태경희,전영만 대한소화기학회 1978 대한소화기학회지 Vol.10 No.1
A clinical study was done on I04 cases of gallstones who were treated as in-patients at the National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea over a period of 4. 5 years, from Jan. 1974 to July 19i'7 and the following results were obtained. 1. The ratio between male and female was 1: 2. 6 with female preponderance and the peak age incidence were in the 5th and 6th decade. 2. The chief complaints were RUQ pain, epigastric pain, radiating pain, chill and vomiting in order of frequency. RUQ tenderness, fever, jaundice and epigastric tenderness were the most common physical findings in order of frequency. 3. In 60.6% of the cases, the duration of illness was less than 1 year and in 13.5%, more than 10 years. 4. In 68.0% of the cases, the frequency of the biliary colic were less than 3 times. 5. Laboratory findings showed less than 2.0 mg% of total bilirubin in 64.4% of the cases, more than 50% of the direct bilirubin in 83.3%, more than 4 B.U./ml of alkaline phosphatase in 85.6%, less than 40 U/ml of SGOT and SGPT in 51.0% and 58.4% respectively, within normal limits of TTT and prothrombin time in the majority, less than 10g% of Hb in 18.3% and more than 15,000/㎣ of the WBC in 14.4%. 6. In 33.3% of the operated cases the stones were located in the gall bladdler, in 25.6% in the common bile duct, in 5.1% in the intrahepatic duct and in 35.9% in more than 2 places. 7. In X-ray studies, the rates of positive detection were 8.0% in simple abdomen, 7.9% in oral cholecystography, 8.3% in IV cholangiography and 80.0% in percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. 8. The associated diseases with gallstones were cholecystitis, GB empyema and cholangitis in order of frequency. 9. The mortality rate was 2.9% and the causes of death were acute hepatic failure, postoperative pneumonia and septicemia.