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사과 반점낙엽병균(斑點落葉病菌)의 각종(各種) 살균제(殺菌劑)에 대한 교차내성(交差耐性)
이창은,김기홍,Lee, Chang-Un,Kim, Kee-Hong 한국균학회 1986 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.14 No.1
사과 반점낙엽병균(斑點落葉病菌) Alternaria mali의 단포자분리(單胞子分離) 1,200균주(菌株)는 captafol, chlorothalonil 및 folpet 100,000 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 각각 76, 96, 및 15% 그리고 iprodione및 polyoxin 10,000 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 5 및 3%의 균사생장(菌絲生長)을 보였다. 이들 내균성(耐菌性)은 상기(上記) 살균제간(殺菌劑間) 그리고 captan, garbenda, 및 thiophanate methyl에 대하여서도 균사생장(菌絲生長) 교차내성(交差耐性) 또는 포자형성(胞子形成) 교차내성(交差耐性)이 높았다. captafol, mancozeb, polydong 및 propineb는 농가사용권장농도 이하(以下)인 100 ${\mu}g/ml$에서도 포자발아(胞子發芽) 억제효과(抑制效果)가 거의 완전하여 포자발아(胞子發芽) 교차내성(交差耐性)을 보이지 않았다. benomyl, fenarimol, oxidong, 및 triademefon을 중도(中度)의 균사생장(菌絲生長), 포자형성(胞子形成) 또는 포자발아(胞子發芽) 교차내성(交差耐性)을 보였다. Of the 1,200 single spore isolates of Alternaria mali causing apple leaf spot and fruit decay, the mycelial colonies showed 76, 96 and 15% growth at 100,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ of captafol, chlorothalonil and folpet, respectively, and five and three percent growth at 10,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ of iprodione and polyoxin. These isolates showed cross-tolerance of mycelial growth, spore formation, or spore germination to the above five fungicides plus captan, garbenda, and thiophanate methyl. Captafol, mancozeb, polydong, and propineb did not show any cross-tolerance of spore germination since no spore was germinated at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ which was much lower than the concentration used by apple growers. Benomyl, fenarimol, oxidong, and triademefon showed medium degree of cross-tolerance of the fungal growth, sporulation, and spore germination.
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사과 반점낙엽병균(斑點落葉病菌)의 각종 살균제에 대한 교차내성
김기홍,이창은 한국균학회 1985 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.14 No.1
Of the 1,200 single spore isolates of Alternaria mali causing apple leaf spot and fruit decay, the mycelial colonies showed 76, 96 and 15% growth at 100,000 ㎍/㎖ of captafol, chlorothalonil and folpet, respectively, and five and three percent growth at 10,000 ㎍/㎖ of iprodione and polyoxin. These isolates showed cross-tolerance of mycelial growth, spore formation, or spore germination to the above five fungicides plus captan, garbenda, and thiophanate methyl. Captafol, mancozeb, polydong, and propineb did not show any cross-tolerance of spore germination since no spore was germinated at 100 ㎍/㎖ which was much lower than the concentration used by apple growers. Benomyl, fenarimol, oxidong, and triademefon showed medium degree of cross-tolerance of the fungal growth, spoculation, and spore germination.
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사과겹무늬썩음병균 Botryosphaeria dothidea 에 의한 Pectin 질 분해효소의 생산
김기홍,이창은,박석희 한국균학회 1991 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.19 No.2
Botryosphaeria dothidea causing apple fruit rot was cultured in pectin-polypectate mineral salts or apple mediumss, to investigate pectolytic enzyme production and activity. Exo-polygalacturonase(PG) and exo-polymethylgalacturonase (PMG) in apple medium showed maximum of activity to 6.4 and 7.2 units at six days of culture, respectively. Their maximum activity in pectin-polypectate mineral salts medium was 5.9 and 5.3 units at eight days of culture lower than in apple medium respectively. Endo-PG and endo-PMG in pecin-polypectate mineral salts medium were maximum of activity to 4.4 and 16.2 units at six and eight days of culture, respectively, but activities in apple medium were 3.2 and 6.7 units at eight days of culture. Activity of polygalacturonate-trans-eliminase(PGTE) and pectinmethyl-traps-eliminase(PMTE) was higher in pectin-polypectate mineral salts medium than in apple medium. Fungal growth was maximum at six and eight days of culture in pectin-polypectate mineral salts and apple medium, respectively.
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사과 斑點落葉病菌 Alternaria mali Roberts의 感染에 對한 組織學的 硏究
李昌垠,金起弘,朴錫熙 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1990 資源問題硏究 Vol.9 No.-
Investigation on the infection to the Fuji apple leaves by Alternaria mali Roberts was conducted during the 72hours incubation at 27±1℃ after the fungal inoculation. Number of the appressoria formed at the tip of germ tubes on stomata attempting invasion was 127 occuping 34.6% of the total 367 appressoria observed. Those formed on the middle lamella on the upper and the under sides of the leaves were 11.2% and 24.3%, respectively, when these were summed up showing a higher trend than those formed on stomata. Those formed on hairs of the leaves were more than those formed on the epidermal cells. On the whole the appressoria attempting invasion from the under side of the apple leaves was 80.4% four times higher than the 19.6% attempted on the upper side. However, the appressoria from which the infection hyphae came out and invaded successfully into the apple leaf tissues were extremely rare. Even after the 72 hours of incubation the infection hypae could not invade into the palisade or the sponge parenchyma inside the epidermal layer.
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사과 겹무늬썩음병균 Botryosphaeria dothidea에 대한 殺菌劑의 效果
李昌垠,金起弘,朴錫熙 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1992 資源問題硏究 Vol.11 No.-
Although apple decay caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is giving a great loss of production, no research result of its control chemicals has been reported since 1985 to this date. Therefore. several fungicides each added in potato sucrose agar are tested to elucidate their effects on the pathogen. Mancozeb and Polyoxin-B + oxine-copper were the most effective to control spore germination, mycelial growth, and spore formation of the fungus down to zero. Captafol and Captan at respective recommended dose inhibited the spore germination completly, but showed mycelial growth with colony diameter 12.6-45.3Hm and also failed to inhibit pycnidial formation. In spite of the low effect of Benomyl and Carbendazim on spore germination and mycelial growth, they exhibited very high effect to control the pycnidial formation. Thiophanate-methyl showed 31% spore germination at one-ninth of the recommended dose and mycelial growth with colony diameter 20.3mm average and low pycnidial formation at the recommended dose. Throughout this test, difference of fungicide effects on the pathogen was low among the regional isolates and high by the kind of fungicides.
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Mancozeb 및 Oxine-Copper에 대한 사과 겹무늬썩음병균(Botryosphaeria dothidea)의 저항성
이창은,박석희,이동훈,김기홍 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1998 資源問題硏究 Vol.17 No.-
For basic information to control apple rot caused byBotryosphaeria dothidea, this test was executed to know whether resistance of this pathogen occurred to fungicides, mancozeb and oxine-copper which have been used for many years, and know if occurred what fungicides can substitute for control of the resistant pathogen. Sensitive isolates were unable to grow at 500ug/ml whereas resistant isolates grew to 18~28mm and 7~9mm in colony diameter at 3,000ug/ml of mancozeb and oxine-copper, respectively. The sensitive isolates showed almost no pycnidia formation at 100ug/ml of either chemical while the resistant isolates formed relatively abundant pycnidia at the recommended concentration of 1,500ug/ml and above. Nuarimol+ mancozeb, propineb and thiabendazole suppressing mycerial growth and pycnidia formation completely at 1/3 of the recommended concentration can be substituted for the control of the resistant pathogen, while chlorothalonil + oxine-copper, dithianon, folpet, nuarimol +mancozeb, and propineb showing 100% suppression of germination are also promissing for the substitution.
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