Hybridizing Genres and Cultural Ambivalence in Chang-rae Lee`s Native Speaker

이정화 ( Jung Hwa Lee ) 한국영미문화학회 2009 영미문화 Vol.9 No.3

This essay examines the thematic continuum between Chang-rae Lee`s reworking of generic conventions of the bildungsroman and the spy novel in Native Speaker. Reading Native Speaker as a novel not only about Asian American inclusion but also about Asian American authoring, I posit that Lee courts the mainstream American reading public by tactfully mixing conventions of the bildungsroman and the spy novel. Appropriating the two genres, Lee enacts a literary equivalent of John Kwang`s political project that privileges heterogeneity and hybridity. The bildungsroman, a representative Asian American literary expression, has tended to articulate Asian American integration into the nation, often subscribing to the `model minority` myth. Native Speaker uses a major staple of the bildungsroman by following how Henry makes sense of his childhood to construct a public identity. Unlike conventional bildungsromans, however, Lee presents Henry`s coming-to-terms with society as something to be undone rather than something to be accomplished by the end of the novel. Native Speaker problematizes successful cultural bildung by describing Henry`s spying as a function of his successful American education. Lee exploits the familiar trope of the inscrutable Asian spy by casting a Korean American spy as his protagonist, but he complicates the old association between the Asian spy and the `yellow peril`; Distinguishing Henry from stereotypical Asian agents as well as conventional spies, Lee opposes the logic behind the `yellow peril` in favor of a principle of hybridity. Appropriating as well as disrupting cultural expectations of Asian Americans and the literary conventions that code such expectations, Lee suggests "a double articulation" (in the Bhabhaian sense) as a viable strategy for Asian American authorship.

아방가르드 인종 코미디: 영진 리의 『용비어천가』

이정화(Jeonghwa Lee) 한국영미어문학회 2013 영미어문학 Vol.- No.106

The current cross-national, cross racial, and cross cultural environment influences today’s new subjectivity formations. Such newly-created transnational subjects are even difficult to be classified as Asian American, as racial or national borders fall apart. In this context, this paper examines the work of Asian American woman playwright Young Jean Lee’s Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven. Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven employs frames of both stand-up and sketch comedies and exaggerates the representation of stereotypes against Korean Americans, Koreans, and white male Americans. Laughs generated by Bertolt Brecht’s “alienation effect” and conceptualized with a Sianne Ngai’s litery term, “ugly feeling” constantly lead the cosmopolitan audience to engage with the issues of race, gender, and ethnicity. The main plots of the play are two; one is the Artaud-like theater of cruelty where Korean women and a Korean-American woman show macho behaviors and another is the Brechtian epic theater where a white couple continues to find the meaning of their relationship. The two different plots do not interfere with each plot, but show all the characters try to expose their inner selves to the world and to stand up to a lot of suppression of minorities and of feminity they have experienced so far. Thus, a Young Jean Lee’s new version of racial comedy presents one stage where Koreans, Korean Americans, and white Americans can stand free as transnational.

디젤차량용 통합연료히터의 저온유동성 성능평가

이정화,박형원,이웅수,이영재,이보희,윤달환,Lee, Jeong-Hwa,Park, Hyung-Won,Lee, Woong-Su,Lee, Young-Jea,Lee, Bo-Hee,Yoon, Dal-Hwan 한국전기전자학회 2014 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 저온유동성 성능검사 시스템 구현을 통해 디젤 차량용 통합형 연료히터의 성능을 평가한다. 저온 유동성 시험장치에서 $+20{\sim}-30^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에 따라 분리형과 통합형 연료히터 성능을 비교하고, 필터 전후에 따라 유압과 시동시간, 히터의 소모전력을 측정한다. 이때 다양한 종류의 필터면적을 사용함으로써 통합형 연료히터와 분리형을 비교한 결과 시동 시간이 23% 향상되었고, 저온시동성능은 19% 정도 향상된다. It is very important to supply the diesel fuel from fuel tank to combustion chamber in case of cold start procedure. the paraffin hydrocarbons are easily solidified at low fuel temperature and it can be blocking the fuel supply to the high pressure fuel pump. In order to reduce the fuel crystallization (Waxing), it have been used to develop not only cold flow additives but also the proper mounting design of fuel filter. Block heater in the fuel filter assembly have been also contained to improve the cold start and prevent blocking the fuel supply in Common Rail Direct Injection System. we can obtain the fuel pressure drop and fuel flow rate, power consumption of fuel heater to have the cold flow evaluation test with the saperated and composited fuel heater at the low ambient temperature, Due to evaluating cold flow performance of two block heater, we knew that composited package fuel heater was the excellent cold flow performance compared to separated type and obtained the parameters of cold flow.

A case of lung abscess caused by Burkholderia cepacia in healthy child

이정화,이소희,홍성진,최영철,황은구,Lee, Jung Hwa,Lee, So Hee,Hong, Seong Jin,Choi, Young Chil,Hwang, Eun Gu The Korean Pediatric Society 2007 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.50 No.1

B. cepacia는 그람 음성 호기성 세균으로서 주로 면역 기능 저하 환자들에서 기회 감염의 중요한 원인균으로 알려져 있다. 이 세균은 매우 병원성이 강하여 침습적인 괴사성 감염을 일으키며 사망에까지 이르게 할 수 있다. B. cepacia는 여러 항생제에 높은 저항성을 보이므로 한 가지 항생제의 단독 요법보다는 여러 항생제의 병용용법을 사용해야 한다. 저자들은 건강한 소아에서 자연 발생한 B. cepacia에 의한 폐농양을 경험하였고 meropenem과 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 병용 요법과 수술적 치료를 통해 성공적으로 치유한 1례를 보고하고자 한다. Burkholderia cepacia is a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus known to cause opportunistic infections in the immune-compromised hosts. This microorganism is strongly virulent and causes a necrotising invasive infection that may lead to death. As B. cepacia is highly resistant to various antimicrobials, combination antimicrobial therapy must be used instead of monotherapy. We report a successful treatment of lung abscess that was naturally caused by B. cepacia in a healthy child, through combination antimicrobial therapy of meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and operative management.

월경과다(月經過多)의 원인(原因), 증상(症狀), 치법(治法)에 관한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

이정화,류동열,Lee, Jeong-Hwa,Ryu, Dong-Yeol 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1999 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

당뇨식단 : 이달의 당뇨식단 - 2000kcal 하루 식단

이정화,Lee, Jeong-Hwa 사단법인 한국당뇨협회 2011 당뇨 Vol.261 No.-

장옹(腸癰)의 침구치료(鍼灸治療)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

이정화,채우석,Lee, Jeong-Hwa,Chae, U-Seok 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1992 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of 3'-Terminal Region of Human Insulin Receptor Gene

이정화,박선희,박종상,Lee, Jung-Hwa,Park, Sun-Hee,Park, Jong-Sang Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1990 한국생화학회지 Vol.23 No.3

사람 인슐린 수용체 유전자의 3'말단 부분의 5 kb를 클로닝하였다. 건조젤 하이브리디제이션을 이용하여 제한효소인 EcoRI으로 자른 사람 인슐린 수용체 유전자 중 4.5-5.5 kb를 확인하고 ${\lambda}gt$ 10벡터에 삽입시켰다. 이렇게 하여 만든 유전자 라이브러리를 카르복시 말단에 해당하는 합성 NDA로 스크린하여 표지를 내는 plague들을 pBR328에 재클로닝하였다. 부분적인 DNA의 염기서열 결정으로 클로닝한 DNA가 사람 인슐린 수용체임을 확인하였다. ExoIII nuclease로 DNA를 크기순서대로 자르는 방법을 이용하여 전사 말단 부위의 1.3 kb의 유전자 염기서열을 결정하였다. 염기서열 분석결과 인슐린 수용체 유전자는 poly(A)가 붙는 자리 앞쪽의 15 뉴클레오티드에 전통적인 AATAAA 염기가 아닌 AATATA 염기가 존재함을 알았는데 아마도 이것이 유전자 조절에 관여할 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 이 유전자는 mRNA 프로세서에 관여한다고 제안된 G/T 밀집 염기서열을 가지고 있음을 알았다. The 5 kb long 3'-terminal region of genomic DNA of Human Insulin Receptor(IR) gene was cloned. By the dry-gel hybridization, 4.5-5.5 kb long DNA of EcoRI cut human chromosomal DNA was identified and inserted into ${\lambda}gt$ 10 vector. Constructed subgenomic library was screened with synthetic 21 mer probe corresponding to the carboxy terminal. By the partial DNA sequencing about 200 bp in 5 kb genomic DNA, we found the sequence was the same as the published result. We sequenced about 1.3 kb transcription terminal region by the ExoIII deletion method. The result of the sequence analysis showed that the IR gene has AATATA sequence 15 nucleotide upstream of poly(A) site instead of the canonical AATAAA consensus sequence and this may play a role in gene regulation and that in poly(A) downstream region the IR gene has the T-rich, G/T cluster sequence, which was proposed as a element of mRNA processing.

원형 탈모증 환자에서의 불안 , 우울 및 정신과적 증상에 관한 연구

이정화,김유찬,박향준,신용우,이경규 ( Jeong Hwa Lee,You Chan Kim,Hyang Joon Park,Yong Woo Cinn,Kyung Gue Lee ) 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회지 Vol.35 No.5

Background: Alopecia areata may causesignificant interference in social interaction. Despite the controversy concerning the existence of specific personality exhibited by patients with alopecia areata, psychological and social factors have long been considered important factors that have influence on the course of the disease. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of anxiety, depression and psychological symptoms of patients with alopecia areata and their relationship between psychological factors and clinical characteristics. Methods : Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) were carried out on 20 patients with alopecia areata and 20 controls. Results : 1.According to the age and sex distributions of the patients, the majority of conditions occurred between 20 and 30 years of age(approximately 80%), with the mean age being 28. 10 patients were women and 10 patients were men. 2. For STAI scores, the patient group was higher than the control group, 1) State Anxiety . 49.25+8.01 vs 40.70+6.33(p < 0.05) 2) Trait Anxiety : 46.50 +8.41 vs 39.80=6.49(p < 0.05) 3. For BDI score, the patient group was higher than control group, 14.90+6.89 vs 9.5+5.70(p< 0.05), but there were no significant differences between male patients and female patients. 4. For SCL 90 R scores, the patient group was higher than control group-phobic anxiety, psychoticism, somatization, anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, global severity index, positive symptom total, positive symptom distress index(p < 0.05). Conclusion : We suggest there is a relationship between clinical characteristics of alopecia areata and psychological stress. (Korean J Dermatol 1997;35(5): 837-846)

레몬그라스 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 품질특성 및 항산화 효과

이정화,김경지,노규아,정강현,윤진아,안정희,Lee, Jeong Wha,Kim, Gyeong-Ji,Rho, Kyu-A,Chung, Kang-Hyun,Yoon, Jin-A,An, Jeung Hee 한국식품영양학회 2015 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

레몬그라스 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 품질특성 및 항산화를 측정하기 위하여 레몬그라스 분말 0%, 1%, 3%, 6%, 9%를 첨가하여 머핀을 제조하였다. 머핀의 높이, 부피 및 비체적은 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 레몬그라스 분말 첨가군의 수분 함량과 점도는 대조군과의 유의적 차이가 나타내지 않았으며, 색도 측정 결과, 명도와 황색도는 레몬그라스의 농도가 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으나, 적색도는 증가하였다. Texture를 측정한 결과, 레몬그라스 분말의 씹힘성은 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 관능검사는 색, 향, 맛, 조직감, 기호도를 측정했으며, 그 결과 3% 첨가군에서 가장 높은 관능검사 결과를 보여주었다. 레몬그라스 머핀의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, 레몬그라스의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였으므로, 레몬그라스의 첨가가 머핀의 기능성에 좋은 영향을 나타낼 것으로 사료된다. This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant effect of muffins that were prepared with the following lemongrass-powder concentrations: 0%, 1%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. The lemongrass-powder concentrations were added to the flour during the basic-formulation process, whereby the heights and volumes decreased significantly when the amount of lemongrass powder was increased. As a result of measuring the colors, the lightness and yellowness of the muffins decreased, whereas the redness increased with the increases of the lemongrass-powder concentrations. When the textures of the lemongrass muffins were measured, the chewiness and adhesiveness decreased with the increases of the lemongrass-powder concentrations. When the sensual qualities of the muffins were measured, the colors, flavors, tastes, textures, and overall quality of all of the samples show that the 3% lemongrass-powder concentration revealed the highest sensual-quality indexes. Further, the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities increased according to the concentration of lemongrass powder, whereby the former increased significantly when the amount of lemongrass powder was increased.