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      • 한국의 약가제도 분석과 개선방안 연구

        이재국 대구가톨릭대학교 2016 국내박사

        RANK : 247631

        Followings are the summary for An Analytic Study on Pharmaceutical Price Mechanism and Batter Alternatives in Korea. In the problem posing and the purpose of study in this thesis as the era of both national health insurance and the separation of dispensary from medical practice policy started, people’s health condition has been improved, but the annual pharmaceutical expense of NHIS(National health insurance service) has been consistently increased. It needs to introduce the viable policy to keep down the increase of the pharmaceutical expense and redress “the drug misuse” from people’s side. In this study, the institutional proposal is also presented to solve the inactivation of the alternative preparation. On the other hand, it presents the preemptive action for the problem of the misuse stock, which raise the issue for the loss of the national wealth and the natural environment, the policy to reduce the pharmaceutical expense per a prescription by preparing the effective generic drugs, and the comparison system of the standard pharmaceutical price which will be the standard to register and calculate the drugs. After examining the list system and the price list system of the drugs, the classification of the prescribed drugs, the saving of the insurance finance, and the analytic model in the precedent study, the analytic model has been proposed in this study. The analytic result of the pharmaceutical price system of Korea and those of Germany, Japan and Taiwan have been compared and studied sufficiently. In the problem and improvement strategy in Korean pharmaceutical price system, the comparison standard pharmaceutical price system, Green Zone list and Blue pharm list have been proposed as the core strategy of this study. In conclusion, it aims the improvement of the list system and the price determination methods of the drugs and the classification of the prescribed drugs and minimizes the inconvenience of the patients from the inactivation of the alternative preparation. And it also becomes the leader of the creative economy, the index of the government by raising the will to research the original drugs of the pharmaceutical companies and searches the strategies to increase the effectiveness for the drug price by focusing on the generic drugs for the prescription drugs and to reduce the household expenses regarding the drugs. With the policies to reduce the number of drugs per a prescription and the total price of the drugs, it maximizes the stability of the insurance finance. It proposes the introduction of the policies such as Green Zone list and Blue Pharm list to resolve the misuse stock which is the accumulated stock of the drugs produced by the pharmaceutical companies and diminishes the production cost saving factors. Finally it wishes to contribute the integrity of the insurance finance of NHIS and wishes that the treatment of people’s disease and the health management would reach to the level of the advanced countries.

      • 다수의 부유체를 갖는 파력발전장치의 최적화 설계

        이재국 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        As fossil fuels are causing environmental pollution and resources are vanishing, new renewable energy becomes hot issue in all nations. Ocean wave is one of the important renewable energies because it has very high energy density and persists day and night in all seasons. A new type of wave power generator is being suggested in this paper to convert wave energy into electrical one. According to wave power generator suggested in this paper, it consists of a body and multiple small floats connected to the body with arm rods. The body consists of a head, columns, a weight and a floating tank which imposes buoyancy on the body such that the head is being kept above the sea water. Inside the head a electric power generator is mounted and being rotated by driving torque come from the up-and-down motion of small floats due to the wave. The body mass is heavy and its cross-section with the sea water is relatively small so that the body stands almost still even the waves. Instead the float mass is small and its cross-section is relatively large, so that the floats are moving up-and-down almost in phase with the wave. Due to the different dynamic characteristics of the floats and the body, relative motion occurs which produces the electric power. Computer simulation has been done to estimate capability of electrical power generating of the power generator. Mathematical model of electric power generator was derived through some experiments to relate revolutional speed and the electrical power output. The wave was modeled according to official data about East Sea from a national institute, KHOA(Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration). Some important design parameters are chosen and their optimal values are determined by examining the electrical power output numerically. Those computer simulation works have been done by using MATLAB. As a result it is concluded that the wave power generator may produce 5 kW with 6 small floats.

      • Dynamic Band Migration in a Multi-band WLAN Environment

        이재국 포항공과대학교 일반대학원 2014 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        Recently, the great success of wireless LANs has evolved to using two frequency bands at 2.4GHz and 5GHz. For example, IEEE 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ad are mean to use 5GHz band, which supports a wider band and more number of channels. Since the 2.4GHz band is crowded with not only conventional Wifi traffic but also Bluetooth and Zigbee traffic, many dual-band APs are designed to steer clients from 2.4GHz to 5GHz band as long as the clients are dual-band capable and reachable. However, a naive steering could cause load unbalanced across bands by blindly favoring 5GHz over 2.4GHz. Another problem is that the band steering is not dynamic, i.e., once an association with an AP and a band is determined, it does not change. This thesis proposes a dynamic band steering mechanism, which balances the load across the dual bands and across multiple APs in the proximity as well as dynamically changes the association by use of Channel Switching Announcement (CSA), which is a standard feature of IEEE 802.11. Experiment is performed on ns-3 simulator. We see the proposed mechanism exploit both band’s spectrums effectively so the per-client throughput is increased. 무선 랜의 성공적인 보급은 통신 주파수 대역을 2.4GHz 대역과 5GHz 대역으로 확장시켰다. 예를 들어, IEEE 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac는 넓은 대역과 더 많은 채널을 지원하는 5GHz 대역을 사용해야 한다. 2.4GHz 대역이 기존 와이파이 트래픽 뿐만 아니라 블루투스와 직비 트래픽에 의해 포화되면서, 두 밴드를 모두 지원하는 최신의 AP들은 자신에게 접속하는 단말이 두 밴드를 지원하는 경우, 그 단말을 2.4GHz에서 5GHz 대역으로 접속하도록 유도하게끔 설계되고 있다. 하지만 다른 고려 없이 5GHz 대역으로만 단말을 유도하는 기법은 대역간 부하 불균형을 야기한다. 다른 기존 기법의 문제점은 단말을 유동적으로 유도할 수 없다는 것이다. 즉, 접속이 끝난 단말에 대해서는 대역 이동을 할 수 없다. 이 학위 논문에서는 대역간, AP간 부하 균형을 위한 대역간 단말 유도 기법을 제안한다. 동시에 IEEE 802.11 표준의 한 부분인 Channel Switching Announcement (CSA)를 이용하여 접속한 단말에게도 적용 가능한 동적 단말 유도 기법을 제안한다. 실험은 Network Simulator 3 (NS-3)를 기반으로 실행되었다. 우리는 제안된 기법을 통해 두 대역의 사용율을 최대화하면서 각 단말당 처리량을 향상시켰다.

      • 경영자현금보상이 조세회피 활동에 미치는 영향

        이재국 한양대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        본 연구는 경영자보상이 큰 기업일수록 기업의 이익을 증가시키기 위해 조세회피를 하는지에 대해 분석하였다. 조세회피에 관한 선행연구에서는 다양한 방법으로 조세회피의 측정방법을 제시하였다. 조세회피 측정치의 측정방법에 따라 연구결과는 다르게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구와는 달리 조세회피의 측정방법으로 현금유효법인세율(이하‘CASHETR’), 산업·연도조정 현금유효법인세율(이하‘Ajd CETR’) 및 Desai and Dharmapala(2006)은 유효세율 측정치로 BTD 잔차(이하‘DD BTD’)를 적용하여 조세회피를 측정하였고 각각의 측정방법에 따른 경영자보상이 조세회피에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 대규모기업집단에 속한 기업과 그 외의 기업으로 구분하여 경영자보상이 조세회피에 미치는 영향에 대하여 추가적으로 분석하였다. 조세회피 측정치로 CASHETR, Adj CETR 및 DD BTD를 사용하여 검증한 결과, 경영자보상과 조세회피 간에는 음(-)으로 유의한 결과를 보이고 있다. 이는 경영자보상이 큰 기업일수록 조세회피 활동이 적음을 의미한다. 대부분 경영자보상이 큰 기업일수록 기업의 규모가 크고 이는 국세청 및 금융감독원의 규제를 지속적으로 받으며, 조세회피로 인한 기업 및 대주주에 대한 사회적 비난 및 대주주에 대한 세무조사 위험을 감소하기 위해 조세회피활동을 적게 하는 것으로 해석된다. 경영자보상과 조세회피 간의 관계를 검증한 선행연구결과는 유의하지 않거나 (+)로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 측정 표본을 유가증권상장기업으로 한정하고, 표본연도를 2003년부터 2014년까지로 하여 실증 분석하였다. 실증분석결과, 선행연구와 달리 경영자보상과 조세회피 간에는 유의한 음(-)의 관계를 나타냈다. 조세회피에 관한 후속 연구는 조세회피의 측정방법, 표본수의 변경에 따라 그 결과나 달라질 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 또한 경영자보상에 대한 측정치를 경영자현금보상 뿐 아니라 주식매수청구권 등 다른 요인을 고려해야 한다. 추가적으로 기업의 조세회피 동기 및 유인을 세부적으로 접근할 수 있는 기반을 마련할 필요성을 제기한다.

      • 공동주택 발코니 확장에 따른 실내공간 활용방안에 관한 연구

        이재국 건국대학교 2006 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        한글초록 :현대사회에 있어서 주거공간의 의미는 삶의 보편적 가치의 하나로 나타나고 있으며 주거공간의 수요와 공급의 측면에서 공동주택의 출현은 우리사회의 큰 이슈와 논쟁으로 회제가 되고 있다. 공동주택은 경제적 부의 척도와 재테크의 수단으로 이용되는 상품화의 성향도 내포하고 있다. 이런즉, 인간에게 주거생활의 편리함이라든가 공간적, 미학적인 측면의 논쟁에서는 상대적으로 소외된 것도 사실이다. 오늘날 산업사회는 인간의 정서를 메말라가게 하는 한편 다양한 주거형태를 양산하고 있는데 그 중에서도 공동주택 즉 아파트 주거문화는 구조적, 공간적 획일화에서 벗어나지 못하고 있으며 수요자 측면의 다양성을 반영하지 못하는 사회적인 과제를 남기고 있다. 우리나라에서 아파트라는 공동주택이 일반화되기 시작한 것은 1963년 서울 마포에 6층아파트가 생겨난 이래로 최근 공동주택의 보급율이 단독주택을 앞섰으며 우리의 가장 보편적인 주거형태로 자리 잡았다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 공동주택에서 아파트의 확장으로 인한 기존 아파트의 발코니공간의 개조 및 실내공간 유입으로 인한 기존 발코니의 문제점을 바탕으로 새로운 형태의 주거공간의 이상적인 유형을 제안하고자 한다. 최근 공동주택의 발코니 확장이 합법화되면서 세간의 관심 대상이 되고 있는 현실에서 효율적인 평면형태의 다양성을 제시하고 발코니공간의 새로운 유용과 아파트 평면형태의 기능적 사고유형의 패러다임을 제시하려한다. 또한 발코니공간의 확장이 아파트 주거문화에 끼치는 현실적 폐해와 보완적 차원에서 효율적인 활용방안을 공간적 측면에서 조명한다. 발코니공간의 개조사례에서 나타난 실내환경의 조절효과로서의 의미를 분석하고 순수한 공간 기능적 측면에서 공간쓰임의 긍정적인 변화와 문제점이 무엇인지 규명하고 더 나아가 아파트 평면에서 발코니공간이 어떤 역할을 하고 있으며 어떤 역할을 할 수 있을지 연구하여 발코니공간계획 방향설정을 위한 기초 자료를 마련하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 지금껏 발코니 확장를 확장하여 전용할 때 제도적, 구조적, 경제적인 문제 등의 이유로 제한되었던 게 사실이다. 불법적이든 합법적방법이든 확장 및 개조된 사례에서 많은 사회적 논쟁을 야기시켰던 것이 지금의 현실이다. 보다 보편적이고 현실적인 방안을 찾는데 본 연구의 의의라 할 수 있겠다 영문초록 :The meaning of residential space has become a universal value and in the aspects of demand and supply, appearance of apartment houses have been considered as a big issue and controversy. Apartment houses contain inclination of commercialization which is used for measure of economic wealth and means of financial technology. Therefore, convenience of housing life and controversy in the aspects of spatiality and aesthetics have been relatively alienated. Today, emotion of people has been dried up, somewhat various housing forms have been made in industrial society. Among them apartment houses ,namely apartment residential culture, have been a structural and spatial standardization, it also doesn't reflect variety of consumer that it leaves social problem. Apartment houses have been generalized since 6-story apartment was built in Mapo of Seoul in 1963. Apartment supply rate has exceeded detached houses' and it has become a general housing form. This study was performed to suggest the abnormal shedding of blood of house space of new form based on problem of the existing balcony which is caused by with reorganization and the interior space influx of balcony space of the existing apartment which from the house of common is caused by extension furnace of the apartment It intends to suggest variety of effective plane form that is taking a growing interest, new uses of balcony and functional paradigm for plane form in apartment. In addition, it researches bad influences of balcony extension which affects living culture in apartment and efficient uses in the aspect of spatiality.It will analyze meaning as modulating effect of the interior environment which appears from reorganization instance of balcony space and space are used the affirmative change and problem point probably are what from the space function side which is pure it will examine closely and compared to the balcony space role further what kind of from the apartment plane surface and there is a possibility role what kind of and it researches and the place where it prepares the fundamental data a balcony space planning direction set for there is an objective of the research which it sees. Balcony extension has been restricted by reasons of institution, structure and economy. It has caused social controversy no matter whether balcony extension and remodeling are legal or illegal. This study is for searching more general and realistic plans

      • 建築物의 用途規制에 관한 硏究

        이재국 동국대학교 대학원 2000 국내박사

        RANK : 247631

        The land use regulation is formulated for the economic and effective reasons to use land in the planed city, and for the public welfare. From the beginning of the land use regulation, it did not seem to cause a serious trouble. As, however, the society was being developed, the problems, such as spoilt living environment, uncontrolled chaotic situation, have been stood out in the middle of a complicated and newly happened usage. Although the land use regulation has to be applied to use for purified and reasonable purposes, the misusages have been happened by misunderstanding the character of the building use and by lacking of standard for occupancy classification. Hence, It is necessary to classify the occupancy and to properly divide them according to the land use regulation. This study has been done through considering about current the occupancy classification and the occupancy regulations as well as analyzing the range of specific building use characters in order to understand general use character. To reach following conclusions, the history of the building use in the land use regulation and the generalized standards have been studied. The building use in residential areas has been rearranged for analyzing the range of use in the studied district based on the occupancy regulation. The conclusions follow: First, the occupancy regulation focus on the division between the approved and the disapproved usage. However, the occupancy, which has been being appeared and constantly changing as the society is developing rapidly, is likely to cause the worsen living environment owing to lack of legalized system to handle the current situation promptly and permission to use the similar establishment with the uniformed level. So the occupancy regulation based on the characteristics of areas should be adjusted to refine the building use in individual areas. In spite of all needs, it has a difficulty in controlling the regional characteristic the occupancy regulation due to excessive the occupancy regulation in enforcement rules, compared with relaxed local Government Act. The building-usage limits should be mineralized in Enforcement Ordinance to formulate the occupancy regulation, which is adapted to regional specific characters, in rules made by Local Autonomous Entity. Second, in case those commercial business buildings are located along the side roads, most of domestic factories and warehouses are placed on the basement floor. The official facility, the entertainment facility and the second sector facility of neighborhood convenience are placed in near residential areas, which has caused the mixture of building use. In another word, the partition between residential and commercial areas has become ambiguous. The mixture of commercial and residential areas has worsened the living environment. The occupancy regulation on the buffer space between two areas is required to prevent changing the building use easily. Third, 30% of general residential areas except space for educations, public welfares and gyms are along the roads which width is under 6m. Among usage of spaces along the roads, under 6m or over 30m wide, there are most of offices, accommodations, amusement centers, and storage and disposal facilities for danger. On the other hand, along under 12m-width roads, domestic factories, warehouses, the second sector facility of neighborhood convenience, stores and cultural and meeting places are located, which shows that the residential area is polluted by commercial and harmful occupancy. Under current Act, based on the building-occupancy in the residential areas are divided two that are offices and commercial shops according to the road width. Therefore, the modified system is required through adding more strict usage regulations to keep away from these Purposes, such as commercial, harmful building-occupancy in the residential areas according to the road width. Forth, the differences of the surface dimension occupancy are mentioned in the current surface dimension usage regulation in the residential area. The living facilities as the facility of neighborhood convenience have been decided the characters of small and mideum sized buildings within 500㎡ surface dimension. Especially, understanding that the maximum permitted dimension is 1,000㎡, the usage of the first sector facility of neighborhood convenience, except general saunas, clinics, supermarkets and pharmacies, is distributed within 100㎡ and 200㎡, which means that the current dimension regulation seems to be lack of the reality in practice. Even though karaoke should not be supposed to be built in 150㎡ dimension of the residential area, it is widely ranged in 150㎡ of living area. The after management for illegally changed building-occupancy is required urgently. As a result of looking on above, refined and modified dimension occupancy regulation is requested in the residential area. Fifth, a complex level is suggested for definition of the mutual building occupancy. In the occasion of the first sector facility of neighborhood convenience, a complex level of the building occupancy has a tendency to be grouped according to the same or similar occupancy. However, the second sector facility of neighborhood convenience is characterized with amusement centers as well as the commercial occupancy, which is for shops, offices and gyms. One hand, the commercial usage highly forms a complicated living area with the second sector facility of neighborhood convenience excluding cafes, comic book shops, video cafes and karaoke. On the other hand, the commercial buildings are placed near harmfully misused buildings, except domestic factories and warehouse in the residential area. Although multi-purpose houses are unlikely to be built near commercial and harmful districts, generally speaking, commercially or harmfully used buildings in living areas tend to worse the residential area as the first and the second sector facility of neighborhood convenience. For all those reasons, the regulation for the same purposed building should be controlled to invert its occupancy for the pleasant living environment. Namely speaking, the houses should not be inverted in order for the facilities to store and dispose any danger, amusement centers, accommodations and garages. Meanwhile, the complex level (18.93%, 33.82%) between the first and the second sector facility of neighborhood convenience is highly becoming to be placed in the same building. In current Act, there is not clear standard to make the occupancy regulation. That is why the standard based on the building occupancy characters is strongly required to classify the building occupancy.

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