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이재구,Lee, Jae-Koo The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.1
Alachlor의 토양중 분해산물인 2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide(분해산물 1)와 2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethrl) acetanilide (분해산물 2)를 합성하였다. 분해산물 1은 실온에서 아연분말 존재하에 alachlor를 3N-염산과 반응시켜서 얻었고 분해산물 2는 alachlor를 중탄산소다의 포화용액과 $90^{\circ}C$에서 78시간 반응시켜 합성하였다. 분해산물 2는 $5{\times}10^{-4}M$와 $1{\times}10^{-3}M$의 농도에서 특히 어린벼에 alachlor와 거의 같은 독성을 보인 반면 분해산물 1은 그 약효를 상실하였다. 따라서 alachlor 구조중의 염소원자를 수산기로 치환해도 alachlor의 식물독성은 별 영향을 받지 않으나 수소원자로 치환할 경우는 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. Two of the degradation products of alachlor in soil. product 1, 2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide and product 2,2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethyl-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide were synthesized from alachlor reacting with 3N-hydrochloric acid in the presence of zinc powder at room temperature and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution at $90^{\circ}C$ for 78 hr, respectively. At the concentrations of both $5{\times}10^{-4}M\;and\;1{\times}10^{-3}M$, product 2 exhibited almost the same phytotoxicity to rice seedlings, in particular, as alachlor, whereas product 1 lost its phytotoxic effectiveness. It seems that substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group did not affect the phytotoxicity of alachlor, whereas substitution by hydrogen atom did.
비고유숙주(非固有宿主)에 있어서 면역억제(免疫抑制)가 돼지회충(蛔蟲)의 감염(感染)에 미치는 영향(影響) II. 햄스터에서의 실험소견(實驗所見)
이재구,김현철,박배근,이창현,Rhee, Jae-ku,Kim, Hyeon-cheol,Park, Bae-keun,Lee, Chang-hyun 대한수의학회 1994 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.34 No.1
As a series of studies to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts, a delicate relationship between host and parasite, in the present studies golden hamsters were alloted to experiment 1(normal undefinitive host group) and experiment 2(immunosuppressive group treated with prednisolone acetate) and inoculated with a single dose of 1,500 embryonated Ascaris suum eggs. The recovery rates, sizes and features of the larvae and immunological responses in the hamsters were chronologically monitored according to somatic migration. In both experiments, the larvae failed to develop into the adults, but the more and larger larvae were observed for a longer period from experiment 2 in comparison with experiment 1. The numbers of the mast cells in the small intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, of the goblet cells in the small intestinal mucosa and of T-cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens and cardiac blood from experiment 2 were fewer than those from the experiment 1. In general, increasing of these cells followed by expulsion of the worms in the both groups. Profound leukopenia due to lymphopenia was found through trial period in experiment 2. Considering the experimental results, development or expulsion mechanism of somatic migrant larvae may be related to lymphopenia and temporary increasing tendency of the mast cells, the goblet cells and T-cells. In addition, patent infection of A suum in the hamsters was not obviously observed in spite of immunosuppression by prednisolone acetate.
비고유숙주(非固有宿主)에 있어서 면역억제(免疫抑制)가 돼지회충(蛔蟲)의 감염(感染)에 미치는 영향(影響) III. 마우스에서의 실험소견(實驗所見)
이재구,박배근,장병귀,육심용,Rhee, Jae-ku,Park, Bae-keun,Jang, Beung-gui,Yook, Sim-yong 대한수의학회 1994 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.34 No.3
As a series of studies to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts, and a delicate relationship between host and parasite, in the present studies, SPF ICR mice were alloted to experiment 1(normal undefinitive host group) and experiment 2(immunosuppressive group treated with prednisolone acetate) and inoculated with a single dose of 1,100 embryonated A suum eggs. In normal group, the infection essentially terminates 4 days after inoculation(DAI) with the attainment of middle third-stage in the liver, although few larvae migrate to the lungs where a few advance to late third stage. In immunosuppressive group, significant numbers developed to late third-stage in liver 8 DAI. In general, increasing of the mast cells and the goblet cells in the jejunum mucosa, of T-cells in the spleen and of activity of peritoneal macrophages followed by expulsion of the worms in the both groups. Considering a series of the results, suitabilities for the host of the worm appeared the highest from rabbit, hamster and mouse in that order. In addition, patent infection of A suum in the mice was also not obviously observed in spite of immunosuppression by prednisolone acetate.
비고유숙주(非固有宿主)에 있어서 면역억제(免疫抑制)가 돼지 회충(蛔蟲)의 감염(感染)에 미치는 영향(影響) I. 집토끼에서의 실험소견(實驗所見)
이재구,이창현,박배근,이상복,Rhee, Jae-ku,Lee, Chang-hyun,Park, Bae-keun,Lee, Sang-bork 대한수의학회 1993 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.33 No.4
As a series of studies to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts, a delicate relationship between host and parasite, rabbits were divided into experiment 1(control group) and experiment 2(immnunosuppressive group treated with prednisolone acetate) and inoculated with a single dose of 5,000 embryonated A suum eggs. The recovery rates, sizes and morphology of the larvae and immunological responses in the rabbits were chronologically monitored according to somatic migration. In both experiments, the larvae failed to develop into the adults, but young adults in the experiment 2 grew somewhat faster and survied later than those in the experiment 1. The mast cells of small intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes and the goblet cells of small intestinal mucosa in the worm detected cases of experiment 2 decreased remarkably in number comparing with those of experiment 1. Considering the experimental results. the expulsion mechanism of somatic migrant larvae may he related to the temporary increasing tendency of the mast cells, the goblet cells, T-cells of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens, eosinophils in peripheral blood, degranulation rates of peritoneal mast cells and the migration inhibition rates of leucocytes. In addition, patent infection of A suum in the rabbits was not obviously observed despite of immunosuppression by prednisolone acetate.
이재구,Rhee, Jae Ku 대한수의학회 1973 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.13 No.2
The present experiments proposed to pass judgement upon the suitability as the second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis, of three kinds of fresh-water fish by having them infected with the cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis and then observing the penetrating ability of the cercaria, and maturity, the process of degeneration and extinction, and infectivity of the metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiments; 1. P. parva was easily subject to invasion of the cercaria, A. signifer was much less subject to the invasion, and finally A. asmussi was hard to invade. And the infectivity of the cercariae was in proportion to their penetrating ability mentioned in the above. 2. The examination of the cercariae after having three kinds of fresh-water fish infected with them disclosed that 24 hours after the infection, all of the cercariae formed their cysts in muscle and the metacercariae kept growing, and that 7 days later the metacercariae were found folding their bodies twice, and that in 15 days the characteristic structure of the metacercariae was complete and they made a vigorous rotary movement intermittently. 3. Then the metacercariae came to a state of maturity and beyond this stage some metacercariae in P. parva started the process of degeneration and extinction in 133 days; some in A. asmussi, in 140 days; and A. signifer, in 70 days. As more days elapsed, their degeneration and extinction increased in number, and in 269 days all of them in A. signifer became dead while those in A. asmussi were all dead in 460 days. However almost all of them in P. parva survived even after 770 days. The results shown above revealed that P. parva was the most suitable as the second intermediate host among three kinds of fresh-water fish and that A. signifer and A. asmussi were not quite recommendable as the second intermediate host. The ability of the cercaria to invade fresh-water fish, and life span of the metacercaria within fresh-water fish vary outstandingly according to species of fresh-water fish. An explanation as to the mechanism must wait as the subject to be further pursued.
이재구,김기철,Lee, Jae-Koo,Kim, Ki-Cheol 한국응용생명화학회 1978 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.21 No.3
3,4-DCA의 미생물(徵生物)에 의(依)한 분해기구(分解機構)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 토양사상균(土壤絲狀菌) C. globasum과 배양(培養)하여 다음의 結果를 얻었다. 1. 3,4-Dichloroacetanilide가 주(主)된 대사산물(代謝産物)로 밝혀졌으며 이는 Acetylation이 주된 대사경로(代謝經路)임을 시사(示唆)해 준다. 2. 소량(少量) 생성(生成)된 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, TCAB, 3,4-dichlorophenylhydroxylamine, 그리고 3.4-DCA의 존재(存在)는 부차적(副次的)인 경로(經路)로 방향족(芳香族) A-mine의 산화(酸化)를 암시(暗示)해 준다. 3. m/e 112, 114 및 279인 대사산물(代謝産物)이 분리(分離)되었으나 이들의 구조(構造)는 계속 연구중(究硏中)이다. 4. 배양중(培養中) 발생(發生)하는 탈염소(脫鹽素) 반응(反應)은 수산화(水酸化) 및 기타(其他) 대사산물(代謝産物)의 형성(形成) 가능성(可能性)을 시사(示唆)해 준다. In order to investigate mechanisms related to the microbial degradation of 3,4-dichloroaniline, it was incubated with a soil fungus, Chaetomium globosum and the following results were obtained. (1) 3,4-Dichloroacetanilide turned out to be the major metabolite, indicating that acetylation is the major scheme. (2) The presence of trace amounts of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachloroazo-benzene, 3,4-dichloroaniline is suggestive of the aromatic amine oxidation as the minor pathway. (3) Other metabolites with m/e 112, 114, and 279 were also isolated, but their identities are under investigation. (4) Dechlorination occurring during incubation indicates the possibility of forming hydroxylated and other metabolites.