대규모 양적 고용조정이 관광숙박업의 기술효율성에 미치는 효과

이우평,강상목 (사)한국관광레저학회 2017 관광레저연구 Vol.29 No.12

This article tests the relationship between large scale employment adjustment and technical efficiency using by stochastic frontier models with firm level data of Korean tourist accommodation businesses. Regression results reveal that large scale layoff would not enhance technical efficiency of tourist accommodation businesses; thus, decision makers who are planning to labor downsizing for better performance should reconsider whether the plan can bring expected achievements. Employment Stability Policy for tourist accommodation businesses against short term shock can be a considerable option in case the shock length is not long enough and other policy environment is suitable because large scale layoff can be just a temporal measure if it would not improve its efficiency.

관광숙박업 효율성의 시계열적 측정오차 추정

이우평,강상목 (사)한국관광레저학회 2018 관광레저연구 Vol.30 No.3

The purpose of the paper is to estimate Cycle Variation Error in Technical efficiency measure in tourist accommodation business. Cycle Variation Error is a measurement error in efficiency measure due to difference in sensitivity of each firm against common external shocks. That a Cycle Variation Error is in an efficiency measure means that the measure contains a heterogeneous component of error which is not explained by conventional concept of random error. Thus, estimating Cycle Variation Error is important because it is related with credibility of statistical inference via conventional efficiency measure. Empirical results indicate that overall Cycle Variation Error is small. Therefore, statistical estimations based on existing DEA/SFA efficiency measures of tourist accommodation business are acceptable within the framework of Cycle Variation Error. However, few data points which have large Cycle Variation Error are also observed. Thus, Cycle Variation Error problem ought to be considered for firm level decision making using by efficiency measure.

녹색인증기업의 환경성과 측정 연구 -에너지 및 전력소비를 포함하여-

이우평,강상목 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2018 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.경제학 공동

본 연구에서는 질산화물, 황산화물, 먼지의 세 가지 오염물질을 대상으로 환경정책 수단 중 대표적인 자발적 협약 수단인 녹색기업지정제도의 성과를 측정한다. 이를 위해서 업종별로 환경효율성을 측정하고 녹색인증사업장과 비인증사업장 간의 환경효율성 차이를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 환경 효율성을 측정하기 위한 Stochastic Frontier Model 중 하나인 Herrala & Goel (2012)모형에 에너지와 전력 소비, 노동 등의 투입 변수들을 포함시켜 확장한 모형을 사용하였고, 이를 업종별 오염물질별로 각각 적용하여 환경효율성을 추정하고 이를 통계적으로 비교하였다. 환경성과 비교 결과 전기·가스·증기업의 질소산화물 등 일부 업종의 일부 오염물질에서는 녹색인증기업의 성과를 관찰할 수 있었으나, 전반적으로 녹색인증기업의 비인증 기업 대비 상대적 환경성과는 뚜렷하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

신재생에너지 확대와 에너지 저감이 GDP에 미치는 영향

이우평,강상목 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2017 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.경제학 공동

본 연구에서는 한국의 최종에너지 소비 목표와 신재생에너지 보급 목표의 달성이 GDP에 영향을 미치는지 30개국의 국가별 패널 데이터를 활용하여 패널 SFA모형에 기반하여 비신재생에너지와 신재생에너지 사용량이 포함된 생산함수와 시간 가변적 비효율성을 추정하였다. 추정 계수를 활용하여 에너지 전환이 GDP에 미치는 손실을 측정하고 그 영향이 시간 가변효율성 추정에서 도출된 추세적 효율성 향상으로 만회될 수 있는 수준인지를 관찰하였다. 한국의 효율성은 1991년의 0.43에서 2013년의 0.51로 추정되었다. 한국효율성 수준은 최대효율로 부터 크게 떨어져 있다. 시나리오 추정에 따르면 2035년까지 에너지 계획의 목표치를 달성할 경우, 전망치 대비 약 16,692 백만 달러의 GDP손실이 발생할 수 있다. 하지만 효율성이 추정된 추세대로 상승한다면, 오히려 이 손실을 상쇄하고 GDP가 264,962 백만 달러 증가하였다. 이처럼 에너지 전환목표 달성에는 상당한 비용이 발생하는 것이 사실이지만, 그 비용은 추세적인 효율성 상승으로 충분히 만회할 수 있다. 효율성의 상승이 이루어진다면 한국은 추가적인 에너지대체의 여력이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 향후 에너지 계획에서는 에너지 절약 내지는 신재생 목표의 상향 조정도 검토해 볼 수 있다.

동남권 산업의 동적 연관관계에 대한 연구

이우평 한국기술혁신학회 2019 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

지리교화의 환경교육내용에 대한 학생의 학습수요에 관한 연구 : 고등학교 『 한국지리 세계지리 』'환경단원'을 중심으로

이우평 한국 지리·환경 교육학회 1998 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Recently learner-centered educational logics has been focused on in overall educational activities, which pay attention to student's participation and role as a demander of education. So, such researches as taking in that educational current are needed in geographical education. This research tried to take in learner-centered educational logics, just limited to the part of a textbook concerning environment, by analyzing students' demand, bringing focus into their interests and preferences, and by trying to search for a way to adapt the result to environmental education of geography. For that, 55 educational contents concerning environment unit of geography were asked and the result is as follows; First, the analysis of contents shows that students are most interested in environmental pollutions and various environmental changes. Students' interests on educational contents acts not only as a principle of constructing a class but also a principle of making up educational contents. Therefore, if a teacher instructs a part of a textbook concerning environment by issue or theme-based approach focused on student's interest using case study, more effective teaching will be possible. At the same time, this result should be positively considered in making up educational contents of geography subject Second, the comparative analysis of regional groups indicates that students are more interested in their regional environmental problems. It means that there are regional differences in recognizing the problems among the students of different regional backgrounds. So, region-based environmental approach is to be focused. The internalization of regional environmental problems is essential and it's possible only when students consider environmental problems their own problems. In addition, the contents have to be differentiated by regional-groups. Third, the comparative analysis of male and female students shows that male students have more interest in environmental problems. So, when a teacher instructs female students, he has to think of more thorough teaching strategy. In addition to that, different teaching and learning method according to the level of students' cognitive, affective, and phychomotor development should be developed. At the same time, various high school geographical books, considering the sexual difference of recognition on environment have to be developed and many educational programs also have to be developed and used. This research may be significant because it' s an attempt to reflect students' demands which have been dealt with insignificantly through the process of educational curriculum. So, it can be an qualitative approach, considering students' right of learning of educational curriculum. I hope this research will be helpful in making up environmental contents of geographical education and making textbooks.

중국 관광객 수 변화가 관광숙박업의 생산성에 미치는 영향

이우평,강상목 (사)한국관광레저학회 2019 관광레저연구 Vol.31 No.2

The purpose of this study is to measure the productivity change through the DEA Malmquist Index and to identify the macroeconomic impact of Chinese tourists fluctuation. This study especially focuses on THAAD confliction around 2016-2017. The decline of Chinese tourists in the year 2016-2017 caused a decline in the productivity of the firms in tourism accommodation business by 4% in average. Therefore decrease in the number of Chinese tourists caused a significant negative impact on the tourism accommodation business. However, when we look at the pattern of productivity decline for individual firms, a significant number of companies are not affected by the Chinese tourists change. Therefore, if a policy measures for event such as THAAD conflict are considered, it is necessary to carefully analyze the support targets and effectively enforce policy resources.

녹색인증기업의 환경성과 측정 연구

이우평(Woopyeong Yi),강상목(Sangmok Kang) 한국환경정책학회 2018 環境政策 Vol.26 No.3

과학교과교육 : 중등 미술교과운영에서 환경교육의 적용실태와 개선방향에 대한 연구

이우평 ( Woo Pyoung Lee ),이국행 ( Kuk Haeng Lee ) 전북대학교 과학교육연구소 2006 과학과 과학교육 논문지 Vol.31 No.-

유가 충격 이질성을 고려한 에너지 다소비 사업장의 에너지 효율성 추정

이우평 ( Woopyeong Yi ),강상목 ( Sangmok Kang ) 한국생산성학회 2018 生産性論集 Vol.32 No.3

To explore more reasonable GHG mitigation policies, more accurate information on the company's energy performance indicators are needed. Generally, energy intensity is frequently used as an indicator for energy performance. Although the indicator has the advantage of being intuitive and simple, it is also true that many other statistical factors are not taken into consideration. At this time, energy efficiency based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) technique or Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique can be used as an alternative indicator to energy intensity. The techniques can drive more accurate performance by considering more information than energy intensity. Despite the importance of measuring the energy efficiency of the enterprise unit, study on the energy efficiency measure at enterprise unit or business unit in Korea has rarely been studied so far. The reason for the lack of research on the issue is probably because the data of firm level energy consumption has not been generally publicized. The purpose of this study is to measure the energy efficiency of the energy consumption industry in Korea based on the internal data of the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute. We estimate energy efficiency of facilities in Energy Intensive Industries of Korea with Stochastic Frontier Model. Considering information and degree of freedom of the dataset, sophisticated model is not available. Therefore, this study benchmarks Stochastic Frontier Model proposed by Herrala & Goel (2012) which is one of the very simple model for greenhouse gas efficiency. The benchmarked part from Herrala & Goel (2012) is the functional form and variable selection of the regression equation. It is another matter to decide the estimation method. In this study, time varying panel SFA technique of Battese & Coelli (1992) is benchmarked for estimation. Energy Intensive Industries can be influenced by oil price shock; however, the time span of dataset of the study, 2013-2015, was a period in which the oil price fell sharply. If each firm's sensitivity to exogenous shocks such as oil price shocks, is different, time varying heterogeneity can be included in efficiency measure. Therefore, we control the oil shock heterogeneity using by oil price fluctuation as a proxy variable with firm specific coefficient based on the time varying panel SFA model of Battese & Coelli (1992). As a result, it is found that there are significant energy inefficiencies of firms in iron & steel, nonmetal, and chemical industries. However, there is no significant difference in energy efficiencies in firms in paper industry. The presence of inefficiency means that more energy is used under the same output. Although existence of an energy inefficiency is a negative sign, but it also means that there can be a chance to improve overall energy performance by improving inefficiency. The contribution of this study is in terms of statistical technique rather than finding a specific policy alternative. In particular, the time varying heterogeneity problem presented in this study is newly suggested in the efficiency related study. Policy implications can be found in that it serves as an important part of many analyses, as is the case with energy intensity. The energy efficiency indicator proposed in this study needs to be combined with information from individual companies in order to bring on a substantial policy implication; thus, many follow-up researches are needed.