수유 형태에 따른 초산모의 신생아에 대한 지각 비교

이애란,박문희,Lee Ae Ran,Park Mun Hee 한국아동간호학회 1995 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study was to estimate primiparas' perceptions of their newborns and compare the changes of their perceptions related to feeding methods between the time I (post-partum 2nd-3rd day) and the time ll (post-partum 1st month). At the time Ⅰ, bottle-feeding method was 100% because mothers were separated from their babies. At the time Ⅱ, the methods of feeding were breast-feeding(29.7%), bottle-feeding(30.7%), mixed feeding(39.6%) .The subjects of this study were 101 primiparas. Data were collected between May to October 1994, using the Neonatal Perception Inventory devised by Broussard(1963) and added by Lee Ja Hyurg(1986) .The results of this study are as follows : 1. There was no significant difference of primiparas' perceptions of their newborns according to general characteristics. 1) The younger tended to estimate that newborns were less capable, and perceived that it would be more difficult for them to take care of babies. 2) There was no difference of mothers' perceptions of their babies according to having a job or not. 3) The lower educated tended to estimate that newborns were less capable, and perceived that it would be more difficult for them to take care of babies. 2. There were some changes of primiparas' perceptions of their babies related to feeding methods between the time I (post-partum 2nd-3rd day) and the time Ⅱ (post-partum 1st month).1) At the time Ⅰ, Breast-feeding mothers estimated that newborns were less capable, and perceived that it would be more difficult for them to take care of babies. But they showed positive perceptions at the time Ⅱ (P<0.05, p<0.1) 2) At the time Ⅰ, Bottle-feeding mothers tended to estimate that newborns were more capable, and perceived that it would be more easy for them to take care of babies. But they showed negative perceptions at the time Ⅱ 3) For breast-feeding mothers, positive-positive group was 53%, positive-negative group was 20%, negative-positive group was 10%, negative-negative group was 17%. For bottle-feeding mothers, positive-positive group was 55%, positive-negative group was 32%, negative-positive group was 10%, negative-negative group was 3%.

친환경건축과 조경

이애란,Lee, Ae-Ran 대한건축사협회 2012 建築士 Vol.2012 No.5

에세이 - 윤선도의 오우가(五友歌)와 Ecosystem

이애란,Lee, Ae-Ran 대한건축사협회 2012 建築士 Vol.2012 No.11

초기 모유 수유와 인공 수유에 따른 초산모의 신생아에 대한 지각 비교

이애란,박문희,Lee Ae Ran,Park Mun Hee 한국아동간호학회 1997 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.3 No.2

This study was done to compare the breast-feeding primiparas' perceptions of their babies with bottle-feeding primiparas' at 2-3 days after delivery. The subjects of this study included 42 breast-feeding mothers and 56 bottle-feeding mothers. Data were collected by using the Neonatal Perception Inventory(NPI) devised by Broussard (1963) and added by Lee, Ja Hyung(1986) from December, 1996 to June, 1997. The results of this study are as follows, 1. Primiparas' perceptions of their babies according to their general characteristics. 1) There was no significant difference in mothers' perceptions according to mothers' age and whether they have a job or not. 2) There was a difference in mothers' perceptions according to their educational level (P<0.1). 2. The comparisons of breast-feeding mothers' perceptions of their babies with bottle-feeding mothers'. 1) There was no significant difference in the two groups' perceptions of other babies 2) There was no significant difference in the two groups' perceptions of their own babies. (1) Breast-feeding mothes' general perceptions of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (2) Breast-feeding mothers' perceptions about the basic needs of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). (3) Breast-feeding mothers'perceptions about the sense and motor abilities of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (4) Breast-feeding mothers' perceptions about the necessary care of their own babies were lower than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3) There was no significant difference between the two groups' positive-negative perceptions of their babies (1) 69% of breast-feeding mothers and 69.9% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about general conditions, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (2) 57.1% of breast-feeding mothers and 46.4% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the needs of babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (3) 50% of breast -feeding mothers and 48.2% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the sense and motor abilities of babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (4) 57.1% of breast-feeding mothers and 60.7% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the necessary care for babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. 54.8% of breast-feeding mothers tried to feed their own babies on the 1st day after delivery. 83.3% of breast-feeding mothers chose the feeding method for themselves. Only 9.5% of breast-feeding mothers took recomendations for breast-feeding from nurses. 78.6% of breast-feeding mothers had no chance to learn about breast-feeding. 69% of breast-feeding mothers complained about the difficulties of breast-feeding. The most serious problems were : 'insufficient milk supply', 'lack of knowledge about feeding technique' and 'problems with nipples'.

공공도서관 평생교육 강좌에 대한 분석

이애란,Lee, Ae-Ran 한국도서관정보학회 2010 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.41 No.1

이 연구는 16개 광역시 도 지역대표도서관의 평생교육 강좌의 유형, 내용, 수준 현황과 울산광역시 소재 4개 공공도서관의 학습목적, 강좌내용, 수업방법의 구체적 실태와 성과를 분석하였다. 이 분석 결과를 토대로 공공도서관 평생교육 강좌의 개선방안을 차별성과 체계성 확립 그리고 강좌 평가를 위한 모형 개발을 제시하였다. The study is on the types, contents, characteristics, and levels of lifelong education programs from 16 central and local public libraries in Korea. And also analyzes the situation and the results of learning purpose, educational content and teaching methods from 4 public libraries of Ulsan province. On the basis of the results, suggests for the improvement proposals of lifelong education programs in Korean public libraries as follows ; (1) proposes the differentiation and establishment of system for the programs. (2) presents the model development for the evaluation of the educational programs.

전통누룩 진균류를 이용한 입국의 제조 및 입국곰팡이의 동정

김재호 ( Jae Ho Kim ),권영희 ( Young Hee Kwon ),이애란 ( Ae Ran Lee ),김혜련 ( Hye Ryun Kim ),안병학 ( Byung Hak Ahn ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

다양한 향미를 가진 막걸리의 개발을 위해 전통누룩으로부터 분리한 곰팡이로 입국을 제조한 후 품질특성을 분석하여 입국의 규격에 적합하며 이취가 없고 관능이 우수한 9균주를 입국 제조용 우수균주로 최종 선발하였다. 선발된 균주는 Aspergillus oryzae(C1-5-2-2, C20-7-3, CN1.3.1-4, CN16.19.1-1, N152-1, N220-1), Mycocladus corymbiferus (N162-2), Rhizopus oryzae(N20), Lichtheimia corymbifera (N21)로 동정되었으며, 제조한 입국의 산도는 5.0~6.8, 당화력은 128~241sp이었다. Various koji were prepared by fungi isolated from traditional nuruk and their quality characteristics were investigated. Acidity and saccharification power of their koji were ranged in 5.0~6.8 and 128sp~241sp. Nine fungi which were showed good quality and sensory evaluation were identified by analysis of their nucleotide sequences with PCR-amplified 18S rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1(ITS-1) and ITS-4 genes. Among them, six strains were identified as Aspergillus oryzae and the other strains were identified as Mycocladus corymbiferus, Rhizopus oryzae, Lichtheimia corymbifera.

누룩 유래 효모의 종류에 따른 증류주의 품질 특성

이애란(Ae-Ran Lee),강선희(Sun-Hee Kang),김혜련(Hye-Ryun Kim),이장은(Jang-Eun Lee),이은정(Eun-Jung Lee),김태완(Tae-Wan Kim) 한국식품과학회 2017 한국식품과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

본 연구는 우리나라 전통 증류식 소주 제조를 위한 최적의 효모를 선발하는 데 목적을 두고 누룩에서 분리한 효모와 시판 소주효모의 발효 및 증류 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 분리한 4개의 균주(Y88-4, Y98-4, Y172-6, Y192-4)와 대조구로 사용한 시판 소주효모 2종(C1, C2)은 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 동정되었다. 발효액의 최종 알코올 함량은 13.9±0.1-16.4±0.01%로 C1효모가 가장 높은 알코올 함량을 나타냈고 6개의 실험구의 pH와 총산의 함량은 각각 pH 3.9-4.0, 0.40-0.52 g/100mL로 정상적인 발효가 진행된 것으로 판단되며 아미노산 함량은 초기 0.10-0.12 g/100 mL에서 발효가 진행됨에 따라 대체로 증가하여 0.26-0.30 g/10 0mL로 나타났다. 유기산의 변화는 옥살산의 경우 Y98-4와 C2에서 발효 말 각각 0.27±0.02, 0.28±0.03mg/mL 검출되었고 말산은 Y88-4를 제외한 모든 실험구 및 대조군에서 최종 발효 시 0.22±0.23-0.49±0.02 mg/mL로 나타났다. 젖산은 C2효모가 발효 말 0.56±0.03mg/mL로 가장 높게 나타났고, 발효과정 중 주요 유기산으로 감칠맛과 관련 있는 석신산은 C2효모가 발효 말 1.23±0.12 mg/mL로 가장 높았다. 발효액의 품질저하와 관련 있는 아세트산은 소주효모 C1과 C2에서 각각 1.87±0.00, 1.64±0.12 mg/mL로 다른 효모에 비해 높게 나타났다. 증류액의 휘발성 향기성분분석 결과 37개의 휘발 성분이 확인되었고 작용기별로 분류 하면 알코올류 7종, 에스터류 26종, 산류 1종, 기타 3종이었다. 높은 area%를 나타낸 것은 에틸알코올, 카프릴산에틸, 아밀알코올 등이다. 증류액의 향기호도 조사결과 Y88-4>C2>Y98-4>C1>Y172-6>Y192-4 순으로 나타났다. 효모의 특성조사를 통해 풍부한 휘발성 성분을 함유하고 있으며 향기호도 조사에서 가장 높은 선호도를 보인 Y88-4가 증류식 소주제조에 적합한 효모라고 판단된다. This study aimed to select a yeast strain for optimizing the quality of distilled spirits. The brewing and distilling properties of 4 KFRI (Korea Food Research Institute) yeasts (Y88-4, Y98-4, Y172-6, Y192-4) and 2 industry yeasts (C1, C2) were compared. For investigating the possibility of using these strains on an industrial scale, diverse analytical methods were applied to assess parameters associated with distilled spirit quality such as alcohol content, pH, total acidity, and soluble solid content. After 11 days of fermentation, the alcohol strength obtained using six yeast strains reached 13.9-16.4% (v/v), while pH was 3.9-4.0, and total acid was 0.40-0.52%. To compare GC-MSD Volatile flavor components, all the distilled spirit samples were diluted to 20% (v/v) alcohol strength. Seven fusel alcohols, 26 esters, 2 acids, and 3 miscellaneous compounds were detected in the distilled spirits. Y88-4 had the most abundant volatile flavor component and scored the highest overall preference in sensory evaluation. After analyzing the various properties of yeasts, strain Y88-4 was finally selected as the best strain for producing distilled spirits.

한국철학 : 전제(前提)와 실천(實踐)의 문제로 본 다산의 "성상근(性相近), 습상원(習相遠)"의 의미 -『논어고금주(論語古今註)』와 『맹자요의(孟子要義)』를 중심으로-

이애란 ( Ae Ran Lee ) 동양철학연구회 2011 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.66 No.-

본 논문은 『논어고금주』 양화(하)의 ``性相近習相遠``에 대한 다산의 주석을 성상근과 습상원으로 나누어 전제와 실천의 문제로 보고 그 의미를 해석해 보는 데 목적이 있다. 우선 ``性相近``, 즉 ``성은 서로 가깝다``는 해석을 통해 다산이 말하는 성의 의미와 사람이 하늘(상제)로부터 부여받은 영명한 마음인 대체에서 비롯되는 도심과 산천과 풍기, 부모의 정혈로 태어난 소체인 몸에서 비롯되는 인심 등을 분석해본다. 그리고 이것은 모두 사람이라면 누구나 가지고 있다는 측면에서 ``전제``의 문제로 보고 또한 여기서 다산 사상의 주요쟁점이 되는 性嗜好說을 비중 있게 다루어 보고자 한다. ``習相遠``은 ``습은 서로 멀다``고 해석을 할 수 있는데 타고난 性과는 달리습은 주체의 의지에 따라 도심과 인심, 혹은 선과 악이 대립하는 場에서 자주적인 선택과 실천을 통해 공과를 이루는 부분을 집중적으로 다룰 것이다. 특히 다산이 말하는 ``自主力``에 주목하고 여기에 先在해야 하는 ``주체의 의지`` 문제를 고찰해볼 것이며, 또한 타고난 도덕감(성기호)이 어떤 방식을 통해 실천으로 연결되는지 중점적으로 분석해 보고자 한다. 윤리적으로 타고난 것은 같다고 하더라도 습을 통해 멀어질 수 있다는 일반적인 해석에서, 선인과 악인은 본래 정해진 것이 아니라 습, 다시 말해 익히는 바에 멀어질 수 있다고 보는 다산의 해석에서 사람의 자발적의지와 실천의 중요성을 읽어낼 수 있다. 그리고 본고에서 필자는 性善을 바탕으로 하는 도덕론의 토대에서 타고난 도덕감이 도덕실천으로 이어지는 부분에 대한 보다 정밀한 작업이 필요하다고 보았으며, 따라서 본 논문에서는 성상근의 문제보다 습상원의 부분을 좀 더 심도 있게 다루고자 하였다. The thesis` abject is to divide Confucius ancient and modern note(論語古今註) of Dasan`s comment into Xing xiangjin xi xiang yuan(性相近習相遠), to observer the major premise and practical matter and to interpret its meaning. First Xing xiangjin(性相近), through the interpretation Xing(性) is to be closer together the author of this thesis analyzes the meaning of Xing(性) from Dasan`s saying and Dati(大體) given from Tian(天) to human being and Xiao ti(小體) commenced by human body. And from this point that everyone has it, this author realize the matter of main premise and will deal with the major viewpoint of Dasan`s theory of Xing(性)fondness(嗜好) Xi xiang yuan(習相遠), Xi(習) can be translated to be for together, different from Xing(性) is for the subject with independent power to choose the Dati(大體) and the Xiao ti(小體), or to choose the metropolis by opposed part from good to evil, and to deal with intensively the good part through practice. Especially this author will point observe the precedent subjective will`s matter and analyze centrally if the endowed moral sense connects practice with same view point. Although being born is same ethically, from the common interpretation it can be for through Xi(習), not evildoer is given originally but Xi(習) in other word he can be far by accustomed human in Dasan`s interpretation, we can read enough the human`s voluntary will and the importance of practice. And in this thesis, this author realizes to need more precise work in the foundation of the theory of morally to connect the moral practice based on the innate sense of morality, so this author is determined to deal with Xi xiang yuan(習相遠)`s matter more intensively than Xing xiangjin(性相近)`s matter.

자폐성장애 아동 부모의 삶의 전환과정 측정도구 개발

이애란(Lee, Ae Ran),홍선우(Hong, Sun Woo),주세진(Ju, Se Jin) 한국간호과학회 2012 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.42 No.6

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop a scale to measure the life transition process of parents of children with autism, against the backdrop of a lack of research on this topic. Methods: Seventy preliminary items were drawn from previous qualitative research, and content validity was tested by three professors as well as three parents of children with autism. A questionnaire survey was also done between August 2011 and February 2012. Data were collected from 207 parents of children with autism and analyzed using descriptive statistics, item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficients, and factor analysis with the SPSS Win 15.0 program. Results: Twenty-nine items were selected to constitute the appropriate measuring scale and categorized into 5 factors explaining 63.2% of the total variance. The 5 factors were named; stages of denial (5 items), wandering (6 items), devotion (7 items), frustration (3 items), and finally acceptance (8 items). Cronbach’s alpha for the 29 items was .80. Conclusion: The results of this study not only suggest assessment criteria for the life transition process of parents who have children with autism but also provide basic directions for program development to provide differentiated support and care at each stage.

예술융합교육의 필요성에 관한 유아교사와 초등교사의 인식 및 요구

이애란 ( Lee Ae-ran ),태진미 ( Tae Jin-mi ) 한국예술교육학회 2016 예술교육연구 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 예술융합교육의 필요성에 관한 유아교사와 초등교사의 인식 및 요구를 조사하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 설문지는 선행연구를 토대로 연구목적에 맞게 연구자가 재구성하였고 전문가의 내용타당도 검증을 통해 완성하였다. 예술융합교육의 필요성에 관한 인식을 묻는 측정문항은 5점 Likert척도로 구성하였고 검사 도구의 전체 신뢰도는 Cronbach`s α .94였다. 설문조사는 서울과 경기, 인천 지역에서 근무하는 유아교사와 초등교사를 대상으로 2015년 11월부터 2주 동안 실시하였으며, 최종 수집된 설문지는 총 266부(유아교사 133부, 초등교사 133부)였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS for Windows 21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예술융합교육의 필요성에 관한 유아교사와 초등교사의 전반적 인식은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 전체 교사들 중의 66.5%가 예술융합교육이 필요하다고 응답했고 18.4%가 매우 필요하다는 응답을 보였다. 둘째, 교육기관에서의 예술융합교육 실현에 관한 유아교사와 초등교사의 요구도를 조사한 결과, 유아교사와 초등교사 모두 교육기관에서의 예술융합교육의 필요수준에 비해 현재의 수준이 현저히 낮다고 응답하였다. 셋째, 예술융합교육 활성화를 위한 개선 방안으로서 유아교사와 초등교사는 모두 수업준비를 위한 교사의 업무경감 및 연구를 위한 여유시간 확보의 필요성을 가장 중요하게 여기는 것에 비해 현재 수준은 매우 낮다는 인식을 보여 개선에 대한 요구도가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. The purpose of this study was to survey the perception and request of infants` teacher and elementary school teacher on the necessity of arts convergence education. The question papers to survey the perception and request of teachers were re-organized by the researcher to the purpose of study on the basis of preceding study completed with the help of expert. The measurement questions asking on the perception on the necessity of arts convergence education were composed of Likert scale in 5 points & overall reliability of test instrument was Cronbach`s α .94 The questionnaire was done for infants` teachers and elementary school teachers working in the area of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon for 2 weeks since November, 2015. The finally collected question papers were 266sets (infants` teacher 133 sets, elementary school teacher 133sets). The collected materials were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 21.0 program. The outcome of this study was as follows. First, it is found that the level of perception of infants`` teacher and elementary school teacher generally on the necessity of arts convergence education is generally high. 66.5% of all teachers answered that it was necessary and 18.4% answered that it was very necessary. Second, surveying the request of infants`` teacher and elementary school teacher for realization of arts convergence education in educational institution, both infants` teacher and elementary school teacher answered that the current level of arts convergence education in educational institution is far lower than the required level. Third, as improvement method to activate arts convergence education, both infants` teacher and elementary school teacher perceive that the most important thing is to alleviate the job burden of teachers who prepare for class and to give them leisurely hours for study, commenting that the current level is very low and claiming for improvement.