감성과 표현 : 조선 유학에서 감성의 문제

이숙인(李淑仁) 한국국학진흥원 2009 국학연구 Vol.14 No.-

이 글은 감성의 범주를 통해 조선유학을 비판하고 그 재구성을 모색한 것이다. 먼저 공감이나 소통의 토대가 되는 감성이 조선유학의 이론체계에서는 어떻게 배치되어 있는가를 리기론理氣論과 성정론性情論을 중심으로 분석하였다. 유학의 체계에서 감성 및 감정은 시비ㆍ선악의 판단을 흐리게 하여 궁극적으로 본연의 성을 왜곡시키는 부정적인 것으로 인식되었다. 따라서 조선유학의 주류 전통은 이성의 확립에 의미를 두고서 기氣에 대한 리理, 정情에 대한 성性의 절대적 우위를 주장함으로써 감성의 범주를 배제시켰던 것이다. 다음으로 감성의 범주를 통할 때, 기존에 합의된 바의 선악 및 도덕의 개념은 재정의되어야 함을 주장하였다. 즉 조선유학의 체계에서 선악善惡 및 도덕의 개념은 천리天理라고 하는 가부장주의적 질서개념과 분리될 수 없었다. 이 구조에서 의리와 명분은 무거운 반면 인정과 욕망은 가벼운 것이었는데, 그것은 만나고 이해하고 느끼고 반응함으로써 구성되는 삶의 과정을 방치하는 결과를 낳았다. 우리의 삶이 이념과 규칙에 의해 지배되는 것만이 아니라면 삶을 구성하는 다양한 요소 및 작용에 주목할 필요가 있다. 그런 점에서 도덕적 선을 아버지 상징 질서의 확립에 두었던 것은 유학의 이론적 전개에 나타난 하나의 측면임을 분명히 할 필요가 있다. 조선유학의 새로운 구성은 공감이나 연민, 배려와 인정, 일상성과 친밀성 등의 감성적 체험에 대한 이해와 그 재개념화를 요청한다. This paper attempts to criticize and reconstruct the Joseon Confucianism by the category of emotion. I analysed how the category of emotion, a base of empathy and communication, is positioned in the theoretical framework of Joseon Confucianism, focusing on Igi-ron(理氣論) and seongjeong-ron(性情論). In my view, the mainstream of Joseon Confucianism stressed the establishment of reason by excluding the category of emotion. In Joseon Confucianism Li(理) was absolutely superior to gi(氣), and reason(性) to emotion(情). The category of emotion demanded the dominant notion of morality to be redefined. In Joseon Confucianism the conception of morality could not be separated from the patriarchal notion of order, that is, cheolli(天理). Therefore, for the reformulation of Joseon Confucianism, we need to understand and re-conceptualize world based on the emotional experience, for example, empathy, passion, ordinariness, and intimacy.

人口現象으로 본 서울都市化 硏究

李淑姙 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1969 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.13 No.-

The population concentration in urban area has been a common phenomena. Specially, in the recent years, the sudden population increase in large urban area resulted in the accelelation of urbanization of its peripheral areas. Considering the "population concentration phenomena in urban area" as the essence of the process of urbanization, the relation between urbanization and population is discussed. Much has been written on urbanization in this country, but those studies were merely concerned with or limited in the causes and phenomenal analysis. However, the study on the boundary of urbanization, which is a most basic analysis process, has never been attempted up to day. To determine the margine of urbanized area is also essential part of the study concerning the boundary of urban area, the determination of concepts, and the inner structure of urban area. For the determination of urbanization, the analysis on several elements is required. However, in this article, firstly analysis on the transition of urbanization through population concentration which is the most basic element for the urban growth is made. Upon the calculation of population density from 1925 to 1966 for every 5 to 10 years, obtained isopleth line for density of 2,000 person per square kilometer. The ratio of manufacturing industrial employment and tertiary industrial employment to total employment is obtained as the 70% isopleth line. Taking the intercepting line between the above mentioned two lines as a front of urbanization, estimated the urban growth.

서울市 居住空間의 生態要因構造에 관한 硏究

李淑姙 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1986 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.49 No.-

The aim of this study is to analyze residential structure and its spatial pattern for Seoul residential are applying the technique of factorial ecology. For the analytical study, 71 variables from population characteristics land use, housing type and characters, land value, building years, distance from city center and family income were selected from 1980 census data and performed factor analysis upon these data. From the result of factor analysis of 71 variables, 7 main factors were inferred and these factors explained 68.4% of total variance. The main factors were interpreted as fallows; 1) Socio-economic status 2) Population characteristics 3) Family life cycle 4) Economic activities 5) Overcrowding of residential area 6) Stability of residential area 7) Differentiation of housing type The first three factors were also observed as significant and accounted for about 53.5% of total variance. According to this study, residential pattern of Seoul seems to be primarily affected by urban history, housing development plan, distribution of housing types and characters. Based on these features of residential structure, it is possible to abstract social space of Seoul area.

근대초기 ‘여권女權’의 유입과 유교의 재구성

이숙인(李淑仁) 한국국학진흥원 2014 국학연구 Vol.0 No.24

이 글은 근대초기 여성 개념의 변화를 ‘전통 여성’의 변형과 재구성의 측면에서 조명하였다. 한국사회 여성의 근대화는 외부 세력 혹은 외부지식에 의한 일방적인 계몽으로 설명되곤 한다. 즉 ‘서구 여성’ 개념이 ‘전통 여성’ 개념을 배제시키고 주변화함으로써 여성 근대화가 이루어졌다는 것이다. 여기서 외부의 지식이 유입되면서 일어난 내부의 변화나 외부 지식과의 소통을 통한 자기 재구성의 과정이 배제되었다. 그런데 ‘서구 여성’ 개념에 의해 변형되고 재배치된 ‘전통 여성’ 개념은 복합적인 ‘근대 여성’ 개념을 생성시키는 동력이었다. 개항기ㆍ개화기ㆍ근대계몽기 등으로 불리는 근대초기의 ‘전통 여성’은 ‘서구여성’과의 비교를 통해 비판되고 부정되는 경향이었다. 개화의 창에 비친 서구 여성의 이미지는 사실은 조선이 ‘보고 싶은’ 것이었고 ‘되고 싶은’것이었다. 개화파 인사들의 주도로 이루어진 ‘서구 여성 알리기’는 ‘문명’의 서구와 결점투성이 ‘미개한’ 조선을 확인시키는 방식이었다. 그런데 이와 함께 유입된 여권의식은 조선의 지적 문화적 기반 위에서 재구성이 일어난다. 즉 남녀의 권리가 동등하다는 진리를 유교전통의 음양이론을 통해 이해하고, 여성 권리를 자립이나 독립보다는 상호의존이나 협력을 통해 인식하는 ‘내외논內外論’적 재구성이다. This paper researched the change of concept of women in terms of the transformation and reconstruction of “traditional women” in early modern Korea. It tended to be explained that Korean women were modernized only by western knowledges and countries. They argued that modernization of Korean women was possible by replacement of the notion of traditional women by the concept of western women. This explanation tends to miss the self-reconstruction process of traditional women by communication with western knowledges. It is true that the concept of “traditional women” transformed by notion of “western women” was the motor which produced concept of “modern women.” In early modern Korea, the conception of traditional women were criticized by comparison with western women. Factually the image of western women in civilizing discourses was invented by Korean society. It was a means of contrasting the “civilized West” and the “primitive Korea.” But the women’s rights consciousness was reconstructed by Korean intellectual and cultural background. In other words, the truth of gender equality was understood by the theory of yin and yang(陰陽論), and also women’s rights was reconstructed by interdependence and cooperation rather than autonomy and independence.

사회환경 교육과정의 표준화 모형 및 통합 프로그램의 평가 ( Evaluation of the Standardized Curriculum Module and Integrated Program for Social-Environmental Education )

이숙임,강명희,남상준,박석순,성효현,최돈형,허명 한국환경교육학회 2001 環境 敎育 Vol.14 No.2

일본의 NPO 부문과 정부-NPO 관계의 변화

이숙종(李淑鍾) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2006 한일공동연구총서 Vol.2006 No.7

거주지역형성과 주택정책에 대한 지리학적 연구

이숙임 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1989 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.55 No.-

One of the Serious urban problems in Seoul is the shortage of housing due to rapid increase in population and expansion of various urban function. This is a problem of quantative supply of required number of housing. In order to solve this problem, a housing policy (housing site development and land readjustment project) to supplement necessary housing site and housing was planned. The purpose of the project was to develop housing site for solving housing shortage and was to a formation of new towns for dispersion of urban population to surrounding areas. The project produced a basic frame constructing locational characteristic of housing and by forming a developing unit area within inner city area and outer area, led to a leading roll in spatial dispersion of urban housing and also led to an areal expansion of Seoul. Also it established a physical dispersion of residential space which is a best base for giving residential area dispersion and it supplied a basic frame forming residential area dispersion. In order to solve the problem of housing shortage, main policy was to increase detached dwelling during sixties. And in seventies, constructed a number of large scale apartment complex which caused a great deal of qualitative difference of housing. It caused a mal-distribution of new and high income class household moved to this area. And it led to inducing group with similar social and economic characteristics according to housing type. It was formed around newly developed areas through the land readjustment projects. Therefore the housing location and types promoted a social and economical hierarchical formation of residents, and it caused a reformation of urban structure by introducing residential differentiation. As the results, in Seoul, through the government policy, a number of developing unit area initiated frames for deciding residential location and induced development of new residential area, and it created a residential differentiation through a difference in housing quality and social, economical characteristics of each household. Thus, a complex and variety of spatial structures having separate and individual functions of development stages, have been created around the city of Seoul.

신촌지역의 대학문화환경 조성을 위한 연구 : 이화여자대학교 주변지역을 중심으로

이숙임,김헌민,성효현 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1994 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.21 No.-

A Study on the University Community Environment In the Shinchon Area : The Case of Ewha Womans University / Lee Sook-Im, Kim Hunmin, Sung Hyohyun The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental characteristics of the area immediately surrounding the Ewha Womans University and, by doing so, to find effective methods and strategies in creating a cultural environment appropriate for a university neighborhood. In order to achieve this purpose, various analyses were undertaken on the following aspects : -a broad examination of the regional characteristics of the greater Shinchon area, -a detailed analysis of land use, traffic and noise levels of the area surrounding the campus, as well as the institutional framework regulating urban development, -a survey of retailers and university community members. Some of the major findings of this research and recommendations drawn from them are : 1. In the area immediately surrounding the Ewha campus housing facilities make up the largest proportion among various land use, followed by clothing stores and restaurants. Despite this fact, the reason why this area is perceived by the public as predominated by fashion stores is because clothing and accessory shops are located along the main street leading to the campus entrance, making them the most conspicuous. 2. Although there is quite a substantial number of information-cultural facilities such as schools and learning centers, most of them are located in inner blocks, making them less accessible and less visible than other retail shops. As these facilities are desirable to the formation of educational environment, policy measures should be taken to promote the growth of these facilities near the university campus. 3. One of the most serious problems of the area surrounding the Ewha campus is traffic. Lack of parking facilities and narrow streets, compared to the large amount of car traffic in this area, pose serious threats to pedestrian safety. Appropriate traffic management measures such as the designation of pedestrian-only streets and provision of parking facilities and traffic lights are urgently needed to bring about a greater sense of order and safety in this area. 4. The general public, rather than college students, make up the larger proportion of customers for most of the retail shops and dining and drinking places. At the same time, the university community members stated that there is a great shortage of bookstores, performance centers and parks in the campus neighborhood compared to their needs. In planning the future development of this area, means to reduce the number of facilities mainly utilized by the general public and undesirable to the university culture should be implemented, along with measures to promote the growth of facilities needed by the university community. 5. The current legal and institutional framework applicable to urban development provide very little opportunity for citizen participation in the development process. The residents and the university should take actions to institute legal reforms in order to ensure greater citizen participation. In addition, efforts should be made to establish community advisory and/or cooperative organizations as a means to effectively incorporate the opinions of the residents, merchants and university members in the public decision making regarding the development of the area surrounding the campus.

Sweden의 人口成長과 人口의 地域的 分布의 變遷

李淑姙 이화여자대학교 1978 農村問題論集 - 梨花女子大學校 農村問題硏究所 Vol.4 No.-

서울周邊地域의 地域構造(京畿道一帶)

李淑姙 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1974 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.24 No.-

As we all know, the modern era is the age of urbanization. Urbanization which has been a common phenomenon in our country as well as in the world became a very significant focal point in the development of geographical areas, bring numerous problem. Research in urbanization has become a very interesting subject in geography and also in social science. This paper deals with the formation and the degree of accumulation of urban elements through an analysis of the regional structure in order to study the urbanization of the surroundings of Seoul. For the analysis of the regional structure, a unique statistical analysis method called factor analysis is applied in this method, the most basically related factors in urbanization are obtained. Evaluating these factors, the paper analyzed the process of urbanization and by searching spatial distribution has tried to find the spatial pattern of urbanization. Form the above mentioned method and analysis the following results were obtained. 1. From the degree of the urbanization, residentialization and Industrialization, the structure correlations of the content, and degree of the accumulation of urbanization were found. 2. The process of urbanization of Seoul showed approximately circular patterns; however, Inchon, Sihung, and Suwon areas showed high degree of factor accumulation and a general tendency to be led in the direction of Seoul. 3. Industrialization is strongly concentrated in the center which represents a nuclear point and showed great difference compared with the other areas. In Seoul and in it's surrounding areas the development of residential areas has greatly influenced urbanization. 4. From the spatial distribution of urbanization, three areas of distinctive patterns were obtained.