제일대 잡종포플러 Populus alba × Populus glandulosa F1 클론의 과산화효소 , 질산환원효소의 활성변이 및 생장에 관한 연구

이돈구,김갑태,이경준 ( Don Koo Lee,Gab Tae Kim,Kyung Joon Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.70 No.1

To sled the superior clones of Populus alba × Populus glandulosa F₁, growth and some growth-related enzyme activities were examined for thirteen, two-year-old and fifteen, three-year-old trees at Seoul National University nursery in Suwon. Clonal differences in total dry weight per tree and leaf surface area per tree were significant at the 5% level. Significant correlations were found between total dry weight per tree and leaf surface area per tree (r=0.875), between leaf peroxidase activity per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.854), and between leaf nitrate reductase activity per tree arid total dry weight per tree (r=0.914). Leaf peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities per unit fresh weight of one-year-old tree increased with increasing leaf order numbers basipetally, reaching maximum values in the eighteenth and thirty-third leaves, respectively, and decreased gradually from those leaves to basipetal lower leaves. Clones 65-29-19, 66-15-3, 65-22-11, 66-14-93, and 66-26-55 among two-year-old trees, and clones 64-6-44, 66-14-29, 66-26-55, 65-22-11, and 68-1-54 among three-year-old trees showed greater leaf surface areas, peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities per unit leaf fresh weight than other clones, Growth of Populus alba × Populus glandulosa F₁ clones might be estimated from either leaf surface area per tree or peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities per tree. Therefore, measurements of leaf surface area and leaf enzyme activities appear useful to select superior Populus clones at early growth stages.

Variations in Peroxidase and Nitrate Reductase Activities and Growth Populus alba × Populus glandulosa F₁ Clones

이돈구,김갑태,이경준,Lee, Don Koo,Kim, Gab Tae,Lee, Kyung Joon Korean Society of Forest Science 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.70 No.1

제1대(第一代) 잡종(雜種) 포플러 Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$의 우량(優良) clone을 선발(選拔)하기 위해, 서울대학교(大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 묘포장(苗圃場)에서 밀식재배(密植栽培)(20,000본(本)/ha)한 2, 3년생(年生) 각각(各各) 13, 15 clones을 대상(對象)으로 생장(生長)과 이에 관련(關聯)된 과산화효소(過酸化酵素) 및 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성(活性)을 조사(調査) 비교(比較)하였다. 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量) 개체당(個體當) 엽면적(葉面積)에 있어서는 clone간(間) 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었으나, 엽단위생중량당(葉單位生重量當)의 과산화효소(過酸化酵素) 및 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성치(活性値)는 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量)과 개체당(個體當) 엽면적(葉面積)과의 상관관계(相關關係)는 r=0.875, 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量)과 개체당(個體當) 엽(葉)의 과산화효소(過酸化酵素)의 활성치(活性値)와는 r=0.854, 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量)과 개체당(個體當) 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성치(活性値)와는 r=0.914로 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 1년생(年生) clone의 엽부위별(葉部位別) 엽단위생중량당(葉單位生重量當)의 과산화효소(過酸化酵素)와 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성치(活性値)는 엽순서(葉順序)가 위에서부터 아래로 내려옴에 따라 증가(增加)하여 18번째와 33번째에서 각각(各各) 최대치(最大値)를 보였으며, 그 후 아래로 내려올수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2년생(年生) clones 65-29-19, 66-15-3, 65-22-11, 66-14-93, 66-26-55 등과 3년생(年生) clones 64-6-44, 66-14-99, 66-26-55, 65-22-11, 68-1-54 등이 개체당(個體當) 엽면적치(葉面積値), 엽단위면적당(葉單位面積當) 과산화효소(過酸化酵素) 및 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성치(活性値)가 다른 clone들보다 높아서 양호(良好)한 생장능력(生長能力)을 가졌다고 말할 수 있다. 제1대(第一代) 잡종(雜種) 포플러, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$의 유시생장(幼時生長)을 개체당(個體當) 엽면적(葉面積), 개체당(個體當) 엽(葉)의 과산화효소(過酸化酵素) 및 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성치(活性値)로 추정가능성(推定可能性)을 보였으며, 이러한 사실(事實)로 보아, 엽면적(葉面積)과 엽(葉)의 과산화효소(過酸化酵素) 및 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 측정치(測定値)는 본(本) 잡종(雜種) 포플러의 우량(優良) clone을 선발(選拔)하는 하나의 기준(基準)으로 이용(利用)될 가능성(可能性)을 보인다. To sled the superior clones of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$, growth and some growth-related enzyme activities were examined for thirteen, two-year-old and fifteen, three-year-old trees at Seoul National University nursery in Suwon. Clonal differences in total dry weight per tree and leaf surface area per tree were significant at the 5% level. Significant correlations were found between total dry weight per tree and leaf surface area per tree (r=0.875), between leaf peroxidase activity per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.854), and between leaf nitrate reductase activity per tree arid total dry weight per tree (r=0.914). Leaf peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities per unit fresh weight of one-year-old tree increased with increasing leaf order numbers basipetally, reaching maximum values in the eighteenth and thirty-third leaves, respectively, and decreased gradually from those leaves to basipetal lower leaves. Clones 65-29-19, 66-15-3, 65-22-11, 66-14-93, and 66-26-55 among two-year-old trees, and clones 64-6-44, 66-14-29, 66-26-55, 65-22-11, and 68-1-54 among three-year-old trees showed greater leaf surface areas, peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities per unit leaf fresh weight than other clones, Growth of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$ clones might be estimated from either leaf surface area per tree or peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities per tree. Therefore, measurements of leaf surface area and leaf enzyme activities appear useful to select superior Populus clones at early growth stages.

A Technique for Selecting Superior Populus alba×Populus glandulosa F₁ Clones with Some Physiological Characters

김갑태,이돈구,Kim, Gab Tae,Lee, Don Koo Korean Society of Forest Science 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

제일대(第一代) 잡종(雜種) 포플러 Poulus alba${\times}$Populus glandulosa $F_1$의 우량(優良) clone을 선발(選拔)하기 위해, 서울대학교(大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 묘포장(苗圃場)에서 밀식재배(密植栽培)(20.000본(本)/ha)한 1,2년생(年生) 각각(各各) 13,15 clones을 대상(對象)으로 생장(生長)과 생장(生長)에 관련(關聯)된 몇 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査), 비교(比較)하였다. 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量), 엽면적(葉面積), 단위엽면적당(單位葉面積當) 엽록소(葉綠素) 함량(含量)에 있어서 2년생(年生) clone들 간(間)에는 고도(高度)의 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었으나, 1년생(年生) clone들에 있어서는 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量)과 개체당(個體當) 엽면적(葉面積)과의 상관관계(相關關係)는 r=0.865, 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量)과 개체당(個體當) 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)과의 상관관계(相關關係)는 r=0.888로 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었으며, 개체당(個體當) 건중량(乾重量)과 개체당(個體當) 광합성능력(光合成能力)과의 상관관계(相關關係)에서는 r=0.745로 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었다. 1년생(年生) clone의 엽부위별(葉部位別) 엽단위면적당(葉單位面積當) 광합성능력(光合成能力)과 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)은 엽순서(葉順序)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)하여 28번째와 33번째 엽(葉)에서 각각(各各) 최대치(最大値)를 보였으며 그후 아래엽(葉)으로 내려올수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. Clone 68-1-54, 66-26-55, 65-22-11 등(等)은 개체당(個體當) 엽면적(葉面積), 단위면적당(單位面積當) 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量) 및 광합성능력(光合成能力)으로 보아 다른 clone들 보다 양호(良好)한 생장능력(生長能力)을 보였다. 제일대잡종(第一代雜種) 포플러, Populus alba${\times}$Populus glandulosa $F_1$ 유시(幼時) 생장량(生長量)은 개체당(個體當) 엽면적(葉面積)이나 개체당(個體當) 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)으로 추정(推定)할 수 있었으며, 이러한 사실(事實)로 보아, 엽면적(葉面積)과 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)의 측정치(測定値)는 본(本) 잡종(雜種) 포플러의 우량(優良) clone을 선발(選拔)하는 하나의 기준(基準)으로 사용(使用)될 수 있다. To select the superior clones of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$, growth and some growth-related physiological characters were examined for thirteen, one-year-old and fifteen, two-year-old clones, respectively at the Seoul National University nursery in Suweon, Clonal differences in growth (total dry weight per tree), leaf area per tree and leaf chlorophyll content per tree at tow-year-old plots were highly significant at the 1% level, but not at one-year-old plots, Highly significant correlation was found between leaf area per tree and total dry weigh per tree (r=0.865), between leaf chlorophyll content per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.888), and between photosynthetic ability per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.745). The photosynthetic ability and leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area of one-year-old plant increased with increasing leaf order number from top. reached maximum value in the twenty-eithth and thirty-third leaves, respectively, and then decreased gradually from those leaved to base, Clones 68-1-54, 66-26-55 and 65-22-11 showed test growth based on leaf area per tree, leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area and photosynthetic ability of leaf tissue per unit area. Growth yield of populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa $F_1$ clones could be estimated from either leaf area per tree of leaf chlorophyll content per tree. Therefore, measurements of leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content appear useful to select superior populus clones early growth.

인공산성우가 (人工酸性雨) 은행나무 Ginkgo biloba L . 유묘의 (幼苗) 생장 , 생리적 특성 및 토양의 화학적 성질에 미치는 영향 - Ⅲ. 토양의 화학적 성질에 미치는 영향 -

김갑태,이돈구 ( Gab Tae Kim,Don Koo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1988 한국산림과학회지 Vol.77 No.1

One-year-old seedlings of Ginkgo biloba were treated with various simulated acid rains(pH 2.0, pH 3.0, pH 9.0 and pH 5.0) to examine the effects of simulated acid rain on the chemical properties of the tested soil. The seedlings were grown in a pot(4500㎤)containing one of three different soils(nursery soil, mixed soil and sandy soil). Simulated acid rain was made by diluting sulfuric and nitric acid solution(H¹SO⁴: HNO³=3 : 1, V/V) with tap water and tap water(pH 6.4), and treated by 5mm each time for three minutes during the growing seasons(April to October 1985). Acid rain treatments were done three times per week to potted seedlings by spraying the solutions. The chemical properties of potting media were compared among three soil types as well as among the various pH levels. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents and base saturation of the soil decreased with decreasing pH levels of acid rain, and their decreasing rates were as follows : sandy soil was the highest, followed by mixed and nursery soils, However, exchangeable aluminum content rather increased as the pH levels decreased. 2. Available phosphate in the soil decreased as the pH levels of acid rain decreased. Its content increased in nursery soil, compared with those before acid gain treatment, Gut decreased in mined and sandy soils. 3. Soil sulfate and nitrate contents increased remarkably as the pH levels decreased, and the only significant difference in the sulfate was found among the pH levels. Soil sulfate content was the highest in nursery soil, followed by mixed and sandy soils.

몇 생리적 특성을 이용한 제일대 잡종 포플러 , Populus alba × Populus glandulosa F1 의 우량 clone 선발에 관한 연구

김갑태,이돈구 ( Gab Tae Kim,Don Koo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

To select the superior clones of Populus alba × Populus glandulosa F₁, growth and some growth-related physiological characters were examined for thirteen, one-year-old and fifteen, two-year-old clones, respectively at the Seoul National University nursery in Suweon, Clonal differences in growth (total dry weight per tree), leaf area per tree and leaf chlorophyll content per tree at tow-year-old plots were highly significant at the 1% level, but not at one-year-old plots, Highly significant correlation was found between laef area per tree and total dry weigh per tree (r=0.865), between leaf chlorophyll content per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.745). The photosynthetic ability and leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area of one-year-old plant increased with increasing leaf order number from top. reached maximum value in the twenty-eithth and thirty-third leaves, respectively, and then decreased gradually from those leaved to base, Clones 68-1-54, 66-26-55 and 65-22-11 showed test growth based on leaf area per tree, leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area and photosynthetic ability of leaf tissue per unit area. Growth yield of populus alba × P. glandulosa F₁ clones could be estimated from either leaf area per tree of leaf chlorophyll content per tree. Therefore, measurements of leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content appear useful to select superior populus clones early growth

몇 소나무類의 葉綠素 含量의 月別 變化

李慶學,金甲泰,朱洸영,曺炅眞,李敦求 서울大學校 農科大學 1985 서울대농학연구지 Vol.10 No.2

植物體는 生存 또는 生長을 위해 光合成作用을 하며, 綠色植物은 이를 위한 色素로서 葉綠體를 가지고 있다. 따라서 이의 含量은 生長能力이나 各種 stress에 대한 生理的 活成變化를 나타내는 指標로 이용되는데 이에 對한 硏究報告는 基礎的 資料로서의 重要性에도 불구하고 林木 특히 소나무類에 있어서는 극히 드물었다. 이에 서울大學交 農科大學 構內에 있는 소나무類 5樹種에 對한 針葉單位生重量當 葉綠素含量을 月別測定한 結果 樹種間의 含量差異는 뚜렷하니지 않았으나 測定時期間에는 差異를 보였다. 總葉綠素의 含量變化는 葉綠素 a의 含量變化에 起因하며 이는 여름철에는 높고 겨울철에는 낮았다. 또한 最大値는 2年生 針葉을 7, 8月에 測定했을 때 나타났다. 이러한 結果를 綜合해 볼 때 소나무類의 生理的 生活은 葉綠素 a와 密接한 關係를 갖고 있는 것으로 思料된다. To obtain the fundamental data about the chlorophyll contents of some conifers, monthly measurements of them per unit fresh weight(g) of needles were performed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Difference of total chlorophyll contents between measuring times in a species was clear but not between species. Total chlorophyll content in summer showed high value and that in winter did low value. 2. In general, the total chlorophyll contents of the conifers showed the highest values in two-year-old needles, measured in July or August. 3. Monthly change of total chlorophyll contents was mainly due to that of the contents of chlorophyll a, and the contents of chlorophyll b was not varied greatly with measuring times. 4. It seems that the physiological activity of needles was closely related with the contents of chlorophyll a.

15年生 잣나무 林分에서의 樹冠部位別 葉綠素含量의 季節的 變異

金甲泰,李敦求 서울大學校 農科大學 1986 서울대농학연구지 Vol.11 No.1

The variations in needle chlorophyll contents were examined among needle ages, during the growing season, and among the crown heights of 15-year-old Pinus koraiensis growing at Usandong, Wonju, Kangwon-do. Measurement was done from June 1985 to March 1986. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The differences in needle chlorophyll contents were significant among needle ages during the growing season whereas those were not significant among the crown heights. 2. The change in total chlorophyll contents was mainly influenced by the contents of chlorophyll a. 3. The content of chlorophyll b increased with increasing needle age. 4. The highest chlorophyll contents were observed from the needles located at the middle portion of the crown height.

경기도 광주지방에서 자라는 참나무류 , 낙엽송 및 잣나무의 수형특성과 물질분배

이돈구,김갑태 한국임학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.2

Tree form characteristics and biomass distribution and volume increment for Quercus spp., Larix leptolepis and Pines koraiensis growing in Kwangju-Gun, Kyunggi-Do were investigated. P. koraiensis showed higher crown percentage than L. leptolepis, indicating that P. koraiensis maybe shade-tolerant species. Biomass allocation by tree height showed significant difference among three species. Stem biomass distributed more dimminishing along tree height with Quercus spp. and P. koraiensis than L. leptolepis. The allometric pattern of leaf-and branch biomass appeared as normal distribution. Present biomass was highest in L. leptolepis showing 171.1tons/㏊ and followed by P. koraiensis and Quercus spp, with 75.3tons/㏊ and 61.6tons/㏊, respectively.

人工酸性雨가 몇 樹種의 種子發芽와 苗木生長에 미치는 影響

李敦求,金甲泰 서울大學校農業生命科學大學附屬樹木園 1986 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.7

人工酸性雨處理가 몇 樹種의 發芽와 生長에 미치는 影響을 알아보고자, 사질토양을 채운 pot에 6 樹種의 種子를 播種하고, 黃酸과 窒酸을 3:1(v/v)로 混合하여 수돗물로 묽힌 pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 및 5.0의 人工酸性雨와 對照區로 수돗물을 週 3回, 每回 5㎜씩 1986年 4月 12日부터 8月 19日까지 處理하였으며, 發芽率 및 生長을 測定하여 處理間 比較한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 樹種에서 pH 2.0 處理에서는 發芽되지 안않다. 2. 꽝꽝나무는 pH 3.0 處理에서, 오미자는 pH 4.0 處理에서, 목련, 함박꽃나무, 족제비싸리 및 고욤나무는 pH 5.0 處理에서 發芽率 및 得苗率이 가장 높았다. 3. pH 3.0 보다 酸性雨가 發芽에 미치는 影響을 볼 때, 목련에는 보다 크게 영향하나, 꽝꽝나무, 족제비싸리 및 고욤나무에는 크게 영향하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 苗高生長에 있어서 함박꽃나무, 꽝꽝나무 및 고욤나무에서는 處理間 高度의 有意性이 認定되었으나, 목련과 족제비싸리에서는 有意性이 認定되지 않았다. 5. 個體當 乾重量에 있어서 함박꽃나무는 1% 有意水準에서, 목련과 족제비 싸리는 5% 有意水準에서 각각 處理間 統計的 有意性이 認定되었으나 꽝꽝나무와 고욤나무에서는 有意性이 認定되지 않았다. 6. 목련에서는 地上部 乾重量에서, 함박꽃나무는 地下部 乾重量에서, 족제비싸리에서는 地上部 및 地下部 乾重量에서 酸性雨處理間 각각 統計的 有意性이 認定되었다. Artificial acid rain (pH 2,3,4, and 5) was treated on the seeds of six woody species to examine its effects on germination and seedling growth. Artificial acid rain was prepared by diluting sulfuric acid and nitric acid (H₂SO₄:HNO₃=3:1, v/v) with water and water (pH 6.4) was also used as control. Acid rain was sprayed to seeded pots three times per week. About 5㎜ of acid rain was treated each time from April 12th to August 19th, 1986. Germination, seedling establishment and seedling growth were measured and compared among the treatments. The results were summarized as follows: 1. No germination was observed from the pots treated with pH 2.0. 2. Germination and seedling establishment rate of Ilex crenata were the highest from the pot treated with pH 3.0 whereas those of Schizandra nigra the best from the pot treated with pH 4.0. The PH 5.0 treatment showed the highest value in other species. 3. Ilex crenata, Magnolia sieboldii, Amorpha fruticosa and Diospyros lotus appeared less sensitive in seed germination and seedling establishment when acid rain (pH 3.0 or higher) was treated, whereas Magnolia kobus was more sensitive. 4. The differences in seedling height growth of Magnolia sieboldii, Ilex crenata and Diospyros lotus were significant at the 1% level among the treatment levels of acid rain, whereas those in Magnolia kobus and Amorpha fruticosa were not significant. 5. Seedling dry weights of Magnolia sieboldii differed significantly at the 1% level among the treatment and those of Magnolia kobus and Amorpha fruticosa at the 5% level. However, those of Ilex crenata and Diospyros lotus did not at the 5% level. 6. Significant differences in top dry weight of Magnolia kobus, in root dry weight of Magnolia sieboldii, and in both top and root dry weights of Amorpha fruticosa were found among the treatment levels of acid rain.

人工酸性雨가 소나무와 잣나무幼苗의 葉綠素 含量에 미치는 影響

金甲泰,주광영,李敦求,辛俊煥 서울大學校農業生命科學大學附屬樹木園 1984 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.5

The study was made to examine the effects of artificial acid rain on needle chlorophyll contents of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis seedlings. Three-year-old seedlings of P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were transplanted into plastic pots filling with mixed soil (perlite : vermiculite : sand 1:1:1 v/v) in early-October, 1983, and grown in a vinyl-house at the Forestry nursery in Suweon. Seedlings were treated every three days with 20ml of artificial acid water containing pH values of 2.0 and 4.0 from Feburary 10 to March 24, 1984. As control, 20ml of tap water was also treated at the same time. Needle chlorophyll contents of the two species decreased with increasing acidities. Needle chlorophyll contents of the control plants did not change. The ratios of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in both species decreased gradually with increasing acidities.