기수산 cyclopoid copepod, Paracyclopina nana Smirnov의 대량배양 및 먹이효율

이균우,Lee, Gyun-U 한국양식학회 2004 韓國養殖 Vol.16 No.2

유류 오염에 의한 요각류 Tigriopus japonicus의 섭식반응

이균우,Lee, Kyun-Woo 한국해양생명과학회 2016 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.1 No.2

This study examined the feeding response of the harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus japonicus exposed to WAF or CEWAF to understand whether decreased feeding of the copepod by oil exposure is induced by food avoidance or medium toxicity. In the medium without WAF, there was no difference in the ingestion rate of the copepod among all polluted diets those were exposed to different concentrations of WAF. The present of WAF in the medium however caused a decrease in the ingestion rate at 100% WAF treatment. In the mixed diet treatment with adhesive diatoms and Tetraselmis suecica, T. japonicus had significantly lower ingestion rate on adhesive diatoms than on others in the medium with CEWAF. As a result, decreased ingestion of T. japonicus by oil exposure was caused by oil toxicity in medium, which may not have directly related with an avoidance of polluted food organisms.

바지락(Ruditapes philippinarum) 패각 소성분말로 제조한 젖산칼슘의 특성

이균우 ( Gyoon Woo Lee ),윤인성 ( In Seong Yoon ),이현지 ( Hyun Ji Lee ),이정석 ( Jung Suck Lee ),김진수 ( Jin Soo Kim ),허민수 ( Min Soo Heu ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Clamshells, which comprise more than 50% of a clam’s weight, are a major byproduct of the clam industry and are mainly composed of insoluble calcium carbonate. This study investigates the use of clamshells as a natural calcium resource. Highly soluble powdered calcium lactate (LCCL) was prepared from the calcined powdered shells of littleneck clams (LCCP) using response surface methodology (RSM) to predict optimum conditions. These conditions, as derived from pH, solubility, and yield of 11 LCCLs manufactured according to the RSM model, were 1.80 M lacticacid and 1.13 M LCCP. The actual values of pH (6.98), solubility (93.99%), and yield (351.23%) under the optimized conditions were as predicted. The derived LCCL exhibited a strong buffering capacity in the range of pH 2.78-3.90 when combined with less than 2 mL of 1 N HCl. The ranges of calcium content and solubility of LCCL were 7.7-17.5g/100 g and 96.6-98.9%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the LCCL identified it as calcium lactate pentahydrate, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed an irregular and rod-like microstructure. These results confirm the potential use of clamshells, converted to highly soluble organic acid calcium, as an additive to enhance calcium content in food ingredients.

행정책임의 변화

이균우(Lee Kyun Woo) 한국부패학회 2009 한국부패학회보 Vol.14 No.2

It is emphasized that public accountability represents one of the most basic values or principles of democracy, and the cornerstone of good governance. In recent decades, many states are seemingly incapable of solving diverse and intractable social ,economic and environmental problems alone. It is argued that along with the shift in the nature of state formation to market -driven policies, new national and local governance arrangement, based on new idea, different ways of working, and approaches to problems solving have brought into sharper focuses on the issues of democratic legitmacy, scrutiny and accountability. It is argued that there is a reconfiguration of legitmacy and accountability due to new public management(NPM) reforms such as contracting out, privatization, public partnership with nonstate actors and subsequently innovative alternative post-NPM models like new public service(NPS) and new public governance(NPG) that focus on these challenges to accountability with emphasis on greater public participations and responsiveness to citizen rather than clients. In line with this major transition toward businesslike public management, There have also been considerable changes in various dimensions of public accountability. More specifically There are shifts in public accountability from the traditional bureaucratic model to the current neo,-managerial model ,from vertical single hierarchy to horizontal complex structures, from collective to individual performance evaluation and so on. In this new context, the additional dimensions of accountabilities have led to the emergence of multiple accountabilities and increased the level of complexity in accountability structures. specially more ambiguities in identifying which individuals and agencies are accountable and to whom they are to be held accountable. This article attempts to address these contemporary changes and challenges related to accountability by using diverse perspectives and themes.

해수산 rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis의 유성생식유도에 관한 염분 및 기사용 배양수의 효과

이균우(Lee, Kyun-Woo),심소명(Sim, So-Myung) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

해수산 rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis의 내구란 대량생산을 위한 효과적인 유성생식자극요인을 구명하기 위해 염분 자극과 기사용배양수의 효과를 9일 동안 조사하였다. 각 염분에 노출된 후 모든 실험구에서 배양 3일째부터 유성생식률이 증가하기 시작했으며 이후 배양 4-5일째 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 내구란은 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, 25‰ 실험구에서 배양 4일째에 출현하였으며 특히 20, 25‰ 실험구는 배양 6일째 수정률이 각각 33.3%와 31.3%로 다른 실험구에 비해 높게 나타났 다. 9일간 평균 유성생식률은 10‰와 20‰ 실험구에서 각각 25.3%와 20.2%로 높게 나타났다. 수정률은 25‰ 실험구에서 14.0%로 가장 높았다. 각 기사용배지농도에 노출된 후 모든 실험구의 유성생식률은 염분실험결과와 유사한 경향을 보였고 내구란은 0%과 25% 기사용배지에 노출되었을 때 만 출현하였다. 평균수정률은 모든 실험구가 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 유성생식률은 25% 실험구가 22.3%로 대조구인 0%에 비해 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합해보면, B. rotundiformis의 내구란 대량생산을 위한 효과적인 유성생식유발요인으로 기배양수자극보다 염분자극이 더 효과적이며 최적 염분은 비교적 높은 유성생식률과 수정률을 유도한 20-25‰로 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 차후 rotifer 내구란 대량생산을 위한 핵심적인 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study examined the effects of salinity and medium used on the induction of sexual reproduction for the mass production of the resting eggs in the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis for 9 days. After exposure to various salinities, the mixis rate in all treatments began to increase on the third day and decreased after the 4th or 5th day. The resting eggs appeared on the 4th day at 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, 25‰. In particular, the fertilization rates with 33.3% and 31.3% at 20‰ and 25‰ on day 6 were higher than those of the others, respectively. Mean mixis rate for 9 day at 0‰ and 20‰ were the highest with 25.3% and 20.2%, respectively, and the fertilization rate (14.0%) at 25‰ was the highest. In the medium experiment used, the mixis rate in all treatments were similar to the results of the salinity experiment. The resting eggs were only found at 0% and 25% of the used medium treatments. While there were no significant differences in the mean fertilization rate of all treatments, the mean mixis rate (22.3%) in the 25% treatment was higher than that of the control (0% treatment). As a result, salt stress was more effective than using the used medium to induce sexual reproduction in B. rotundiformis. The optimal salinity was considered to be 20-25‰, which caused a high mixis and fertilization rate in the rotifer. These results provide basic data for the mass production of rotifer resting eggs.

고밀도 배양에 있어 먹이종류와 공급량 및 vitamin B12 첨가에 따른 담수산 rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus)의 성장

이균우 ( Lee Gyun U ),박흠기 ( Park Heum Gi ) 한국수산과학회 2003 한국수산과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

N/A This study investigated the effects of food type (condensed freshwater Chlorella, dried Chlorella, dried Spirulina, dried Schizochytrium, baker`s yeast and w-yeast) and amount, and supplementation of vitamin BIZ on the growth of freshwater rotifer (Brachionus calyczforus) in high density culture. Growth of rotifers fed condensed freshwater Chlorella was the highest and its density ranged 7.65-8.14×10³ inds./mL. The primary lipid acids of rotifers fed condensed freshwater Chlorella were linoleic and linolenic, and their amount (% of total fatty acids) were 48.8% and 26.8%, respectively. This suggests that condensed freshwater Chlorella would be an effective diet for high quality and quantity rotifers, which in turn serve as live food for freshwater fish larvae. Growth rate of rotifers with Chlorella supplementation increased as amount of supplementation increased up to 1.5 and 2.5 mg at 28 and 32℃, respectively. However, undissolved ammonia toxicity and packing volume of Chlorella in culture medium, reached the optimal conditions for the stable and effective cultivation of rotifers when amount of condensed freshwater Chlorella was 1.5 mg in dry weight per 1,000 rotifers at 28℃ and 32℃. Growth of rotifers in condensed freshwater Chlorella with vitamin B_(12) supplementation was significantly higher than that of rotifers without supplementation. However, no significant difference was found among the different concentrations of vitamin BIZ. Therefore, vitamin B_(12) could improve the growth of rotifers (B. calyciflorus).

기수산 요각류 Paracyclopina nana의 대량배양

이균우(Kyun-Woo Lee),최영웅(Young-Ung Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.8

해산 copepod는 어류 양식을 위한 초기먹이생물로 가장 이상적인 것으로 알려져 있으며 최근 이들의 대량배양에 관한 연구가 많이 시도되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는, 기수산 copepod인 Paracyclopina nana의 대량생산을 위해, 실용화 가능 한 배양방법개발의 일환으로 rotifer 대체를 위한 P. nana의 nauplius 생산법과 Artemia 대체를 위한 P. nana의 C4-성체 생산법 으로 나누어 대량배양을 시도하였다. P. nana의 nauplius 생산 시, 수확된 nauplius는 약 95% 이상이 N1-N2였다. 15일 동안 수확된 nauplius의 일일 평균 생산량은 1, 2차 각각 6.9×106, 7.2×106였으며, 배양수 내의 암컷과 포란한 암컷의 수는 시간이 경과할수록 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 15일 동안 비교적 일정한 개체수를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. C4-성체의 생산 시, 수확된 copepod의 비율은 C4-수컷, 암컷 및 포란한 암컷이 각각 약 49%, 28% 및 18%였으며 일일 평균 생산량은 1, 2차 각각 8.2×105, 9.0×105 개체였다. 결과적으로, P. nana 대량배양 방법에서 nauplius와 C4-성체의 일정한 생산이 가능하였으며 어류의 입 크기에 따라 배양 방법의 선택에 의해 연속적인 먹이 공급이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Marine copepods are ideal live prey for fish larvae, and many studies on the mass culture of the organism have been reported. This study performed a mass culture of the brackish copepod Paracyclopina nana containing nauplius and C4-adult production methods. In nauplius production, the harvested nauplii over 95% were comprised of N1 and N2. Daily mean nauplius production of two trials for 15 days were 6.9×106 and 7.2×106 individuals, respectively. The densities of the adult females were maintained at a similar level of the initiation during production. In C4-adult production, the proportion of harvested copepods containing C4-adult males, females and ovigerus females were 49%, 28%, and 18%, respectively. The daily mean nauplius production of the two trials for 16 days were 8.2×105 and 9.0×105 individuals, respectively. As a result, the continuous production of P. nana using the mass production system was successful. Therefore, the continuous and stable feeding for fish larvae in aquaculture would be possible by the selection of the copepod culture method depending on the mouth size of the fish.

정부성과, 사회자본과 정부신뢰

이균우(KyunWoo Lee) 한국부패학회 2011 한국부패학회보 Vol.16 No.2

In recent decades Government Reforms and especially New Public Management paradigm, have raised many questions as to the role of citizens and governments in our modern societies. This leading paradigm has emphasized the need to improve administrative performance and treat citizens as clients, as result breeds passivism among citizens by overstating the idea of responsiveness, Recent criticism has called for a practical shift towards increase collaboration in and around public administration, namely, the collaborative relationships between citizens and bureaucracies. The idea of "collaborative public administration" should promote the trust of citizens in government and bring more citizens' participation and community involvement into our lives. The commonly held hypothesis that better performing public services will lead to increased satisfaction among users, and this ,in turn, still lead to more trust in government. However, it is proved that this hypothesis contains a number of flaws and is only valid within a certain context. This paper designs to investigate the weakness of relation between public sector performance and citizens' trust in government .Despite better government performance, However, trust has never rebounded to the good level. Social capital may be the suspect that has kept low. We need to evaluate the relative contributions of both government performance and social capital at macro level, Ultimately, Social capital seems to be a strong influence on the decline in trust over long term.

해양생태독성평가를 위한 열대 요각류 Nitocra sp.의 이용 가능성

이균우(Kyun-Woo Lee),최영웅(Young-Ung Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.11

열대지역과 같은 특정지역에서 오염물질의 독성평가 시, 그 지역의 생태환경에 적합한 위해성평가를 위해서는 그 지방 고유의 생물에 대한 독성실험이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구는 열대에서 분리한 열대 요각류 Nitocra sp.를 독성실험생물로 사용하기 위해 이들을 안정적으로 배양/유지하기 위한 최적배양환경조건과 해양생태독성평가 가능성을 조사하였다. 최적 배양환경요인으로 수온, 염분 및 먹이에 대해 조사하였으며 생태독성평가는 급성독성과 만성독성 실험으로 나누어 실시하였다. 최적배양조건 실험데이터의 통계분석을 위해 One-way ANOVA test를 실시하였다. 최적배양환경조건을 조사한 결과, Nitocra sp.는 수온 29℃, 염분 24∼34‰에서 먹이로 Tetraselmis suecica를 공급하였을 때, 비교적 빠른 발달기간과 높은 생존율을 보였다. 최적배양조건을 바탕으로 구리와 비소에 대한 독성평가를 실시한 결과, 구리와 비소의 각 노출농도에 따라 민감하게 잘 반응해서 반수치사농도 즉 LC50값과 영향을 미치지 않는 농도인 NOEC값을 얻을 수 있었다. 만성독성시험 결과, 구리와 비소노출 모두, 성비와 생산력은 유의적인 차이가 없었던 반면, 발달기간과 생존율은 농도에 따라 반응을 보였기 때문에 종말점으로 사용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 종합해 보았을 때, 열대 요각류인 Nitocra sp.는 열대 해양독성물질 평가를 위한 생태독성실험생물로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며 차후 다양한 독성물질의 평가에 활용이 기대된다. Indigenous species are needed for more accurate toxicity assessments in tropical regions. Thus, we determined not only the optimum culture conditions for stable maintenance of Nitocra sp. isolated from tropical regions but also the availability of copepods for marine ecotoxicological evaluation. Experiments on temperature, salinity, and diet as factors for optimum culture conditions as well as acute and chronic toxicity tests for ecotoxicological assessment were carried out. Data on optimum culture conditions were analyzed for statistically significant observations using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimum temperature and salinity for Nitocra sp. were 29℃ and 24∼39‰, and Nitocra sp. fed Tetraselmis suecica had relatively faster development and higher survival than other microalga. Under optimum culture conditions, toxicity tests were carried out. The LC50 level and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) levels of copper and arsenic were calculated in the acute toxicity test. In the chronic test of Cu and As, developmental time and survival traits were usable endpoints for toxicity assessments. As a result, tropical copepod Nitocra sp. seems to be a potential candidate organism for marine ecotoxicological evaluation.

Rotifer 반 연속 고밀도 배양에 있어서 담수산 rotifer , Brachionus calyciflorus 와 해수산 rotifer , Brachionus calyciflorus 와 해수산 rotifer , B. rotundiformis 의 생산성

이균우(Kyun Woo Lee),박흠기(Heum Gi Park),조성환(Sung Hwaon Cho) 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 반 연속 rotifer 고밀도 배양에 있어서 배양 수온, 초기 접종밀도 및 pH조절에 따른 담수산 rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus 와 해수산 rotifer, B. rotundiformis의 생산성을 비교 조사하였다. 실험은 6L 배양용기 (배양수 5L)에 담수산 농축 Chlorella를 먹이로 공급하였다. pH를 조절하지 않은 반 연속 rotifer 고밀도 배양에서 B. calyciflorus와 B. rotundiformis의 일일 평균 생산량은 수온이 높을수록 높게 나타났고 수온 32℃ 실험구에서 B. calyciflorus가 일일 44×10^6개체로 가장 높은 생산량을 보였다 (P<0.05). 또한 이들의 생산 기간은 B. rotundiformis가 B. calyciflorus보다 상당히 길게 나타났다. 한편 pH를 7로 조절하면서 B. calyciflorus와 B. rotundiformis의 초기 접종밀도를 5,000개체/mL로 할 경우, 생산 기간이 각각 12일과 11일로 초기 접종밀도 10,000개체/mL의 2일과 8일보다 길게 나타났고, 생산률도 130%로 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 종합하여 볼 때, B. calyciflorus와 B. rotundiformis의 반 연속 고밀도 배양에 있어서 생산 효율과 먹이 비용을 고려할 때 32℃에서 pH 7 조절 하에 초기 접종밀도를 5,000개체/mL로 하는 것이 가장 효과적이고 안정적인 반 연속 rotifer 고밀도 배양이 될 것으로 판단된다. The experiment was carried out to investigate the productivity of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus and marine rotifer, B. rotundiformis at various temperatures, initial inoculation and pH in a 5 L semi-continuous high density culture. Rotifers were fed by commercial condensed freshwater Chlorella. When pH was not controlled, average daily productions of freshwater and marine rotifers increased with temperature. The highest production, 44×10^6 rotifers, was achieved of B. calyciflorus at 32℃ and the possible production lasting period of B. calyciflorus was shorter than that of B. rotundiformis. Under the adjustment of pH at 7, the possible production lasting periods of B. calyciflorus and B. rotundiformis inoculated with 5,000 inds./mL were longer than those of rotifers inoculated with 10,000 inds./mL, and the daily production rate of the former was higher than that of the latter. The results from this study indicated that optimum density of the initial inoculation for the cultivation of B. calyciflorus and B. rotundiformis was 5,000 inds./mL under the controlled conditions of pH 7 and at 32℃ in a semi-continuous high density culture, in terms of production rate and food cost aspects.