한국에서의 체육교과서 변천과정

유근직 한국체육사학회 2001 체육사학회지 Vol.7 No.-

Through the historical inquiry into the transition of physical education textbooks of korea, this study shows follows. 1. There were [Teaching guide for school gymnastics](學校體操敎授書) and [New teaching guide for gymnastics](最新體操敎授書) as the textbook of physical education in public elementary schools at the end of the Chosen Dynasty. and [modern physical training method](新式體操法) and three other in private schools. But they were not for students but for teacher. 2. For the early of Japanese Colony, it was possible to use the textbook of physical education used in the end of the Chosen Dynasty, but since 「The principle items for school Physical training」(學校體操敎授要目) was announced officially, [The teaching guide for elementary school physical training](小學校 ·普通學校體操敎授書) was published by the Chosen government general colonial office and as 「the principle items」was revised later, [The new teaching guide for elementary physical training] (小學校 · 普通學校 新編體操敎授총)was republished. But these textbooks was got up for teachers also, schools were supposed to teach student based upon these textbooks 3. According to the interview of elementary teachers at Japanese Colony, [The teaching guide for physical training] was distributed to every school and all the schools had one, but it was barely used. 4. These textbooks was used in classroom on raining days. Comparing to the others subject textbooks , these textbooks were seldom used. As above, physical training books was edited and published for textbooks from the end of the Chosen when school gymnastics began, but unlike other subject textbooks, these textbooks was not for students but for teachers. These way was kept through Japanese Colony. In relation to Korean educational situation at that time, Japanese took part in the writing, edition and publication of these gymnastic books. the content and the construct was similar to those of the gymnastic books published in Japanese

영국의 축구 훌리건에 관한 역사적 연구(I) : 'Soccer Hooliganism' 의 기원과 역사

유근직,박장평 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.23

Studies of Soccer Hooligan in Britain(I) -The Origin and History of Soccer Hooliganism- The purpose of this study was to examine "Soccer Hooliganism" in Britain. In recent years. An act of violence by spectator named "Hooligan" has become a serious problem in the country. The words of "Soccer Hooliganism" and "Hooligan" are not popular. and these phenomena are unimaginable in Korea. But, it is very important to examine the problems of "Soccer Hooliganism" in order to search for a close relation between sport and society in Britain. Especially, the purpose of the present study is to examine the origin and history of Soccer Hooliganism in Britain. The findings and discussions of the following topics are briefly presented in this report: 1.What is "Soccer Hooliganism" (1) The origin of a word "Hooliganism" (2) "Soccer Hooliganism" 2.Soccer Hooliganism before 1960. (1) Mass football (2) Football of the working classes 3.Soccer Hooliganism after 1960. (1) Violence of football supporter (2) Lang Report (3) The expansion and diversification of Hooliganism (4) The trend in 1970's (5) The trend in 1980's

스포츠교육학의 학문적 성격 및 연구과제에 관한 고찰

유근직,윤상호 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.23

The purpose of this study was identify the academic character and research assignment of Sport Pedagogy through investigating those organized process and research trends of Sport Pedagogy in Germany, USA, and Japan. Following results are examined by variable historical references. 1.Sport Pedagogy was brought out by the momentum "the disciplinary movement" propagated from USA in 1960's, and Germany's 「Sportpadagogik」in place of 「Theori der Leibeserziehung」was became settled during the year of 1969-1973. 2.With the term academic character of Sport Pedagogy, Sport Pedagogy is closely related not only with Sport Science but also with Pedagogy were examined. 3.The urgent questions of research assignment in Sport Pedagogy are to develop the method and principle Sport Pedagogy; Identifying purpose-contents-method-teaching skill of Sport Pedagogy, and it needs to find out root evidence for the independent existence of Sports Pedagogy in additionary.

한국 근대체육사 연구의 「歷史認識에 대한 檢討」 : 「民族史觀」에 의한 연구의 문제점과 과제를 중심으로

유근직,부기원 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1994 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.18

First of all, the writing juding from background and reason is obviously a matter of the national consciousness on the study of Korean morden history of physical education. I indicates a national consciousness as to whether the subject of a thesis for a doctorate or master on the study of Korean morden history of physical education, have classified 6 step with limit and problem. Finally, when I think on study of Korean morden history of physical education, I indicate three types of theory about study object and project it. To the better a scientific study of Korean morden history of physical education, the result has been a concept of national consciousness with a point of study and attitude as usual, and I hope that a method of study will help both interest in and debate over the issues to continue.

태권도 수련생의 상해실태 및 예방에 관한 연구

유근직,정억순 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury status and its prevention of students attending Taekwondo school. In order to do so, during the two weeks(from on 1st of July to 13th of July) 440 students attending Taekwondo academy in the four cities of Kangwon district was surveyed as subjects. The original questionnaire was developed by BC. Jeong(2000). The researcher modified the questionnaire based on it modified by NH. Park(2003). Pilot study was conducted on 35 students attending KR Taekwondo academy to measure the validity or the instrument. In this study the researcher used Person product monent correlation coefficient, or Pearson's r to test the correlation between test and retest for continuous variables. For nominal variables, percent agreement was calculated. The results of the test are as follows: for the Likert scale of the safety measures, r=.728, for the Likert scale of the safety instruction, r=.825 and for the variable of the number of incidents, r=.705. The used statistical methods for the data analysis were descriptive statistics. The major findings obtained from this study were as follows: First, students learning Taekwondo were generally trained in case of preliminary exercise. However, during the spa, the partner's age, height, were Taekwondo skill were so different that the students experienced sports injuries. Second, Taekwondo instructors generally educated safety instruction, After the students were injured, they rapidly and correctly took measures the injuries and incidents. Third, ankles, legs, toes, wrists, fingers, arms were frequently injured during the training in the Taekwondo school. In order to prevent or minimize these kinds of injuries, the following measures are absolutely needed: enough preliminary exercise and cool down exercise, wearing guard, increasing spa skills and physical strength etc.

태권도장의 효율적 경영을 위한 제품 및 서비스 포지셔닝 전략

유근직,정억순 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of products and services positioning from Taekwondo school, to find and to correctly modify the these factors with which the students were not satisfied in order for the Taekwondo school to be effectively managed. In order to do so, during the three weeks(from the end of June to the middle of the July) 400 students attending Taekwondo academy in the four cities of Kangwon district was surveyed as subjects. The researcher modified the questionnaire developed by E.J. Lee(2001). Pilot study was conducted on 35 students attending KN Taekwondo academy to measure the validity of the instrument, and Cronbach's α was used to measure reliability of it. The reliability coeffcient for it was found to be α=.703-.850. In order to measure the level of products and services positioning offered from the Taekwondo school, a five point Likert Scale was used. The used statistical methods for the data analysis were descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. For all analysis of the research questions, an alpha level of .05 was used. The major findings obtained from this study were as follows: First, in relation to the level of sympathy and distinction factors, there was statistically differences between male and female students, that is, male students were more correctly positioned than female. Second, in connection with the materiality, sympathy and distinction factors, there was statistically significant differences between city students and local students, that is, local students were more correctly positioned than city students. Third, among all of the factors; materiality, response, sympathy, reliability, and distinction, there was no significant differences among the duration of Taekwondo training and level of school. Fourth, response, sympathy, and distinction factors significantly influenced the current students attending Taekwondo school to continually attend it.

구한말기 학교체육에 대한 역사적 고찰 : 「학교체조」에 대한 평가를 중심으로 On the focus of the evaluation of 「School Gymnastics」

金承在,柳根直 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1996 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.20

This study was to reexamine school gymnastics which appeared as a the department of gymnastics textbook in the end of choson dynasty, to reevaluate school gymnastics with the emphasis on background, and to recreate the position and character of school physical education in the end of choson dynasty. When we put together all accounts which examined and considered, we get to the conclusion as follows. We must not regard physical training which unfolded by a department and Japanese teacher of public school in the end of choson dynasty, after establishing the Residency General in 1906 in detail, such as advent of school gymnastics publication of 「manual for teaching school gymnastics」and a course in gymanstics, as growth and modernization of Korean school physical education. On the contrary, we have to regard it as one of a colonial physical policy of Japan. We have to find meaning of Korean school physical education in the end of choson dynasty in military gymnastics which unfolded lively as a main method of awakening of national consciousness and anti-Japanese struggle. Military gymnastics was performed by private school which gained the confidence as a school for Korean people and reached a number of 2,000 - 3,000. From such a historical understanding, we have to regard the end of choson dynasty as a 'Contradictive period of school physical education'. That is to say, we must prescribe as a contradictive period which was entangled 'physical training of invasion' of imperialism of Japan centering around a public school with 'physical training of resistance' centering around a private school.

대학운동선수 및 스포츠지도자의 스포츠가치의식에 관한 조사

부기원,유근직 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1988 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.13

Through the survey intended for 155 university players and 113 sports leaders (all 268 people connected with the sports) within Kangweon-do for the purpose of analysing their sports value consciousness in Korea, this thesis finds the following facts : 1. 88% of university players and 78% of sports leaders find their life worthwhile living with the sports activities (for example, guidance, management and arrangement of the sports game). But they are not satisfied with their material life. 2. In the analysis of their sports value consciousness, the cultivation ism of mental training(87%), the good mannersism(86%), the hard training(74%), the spiritualism(70%), the sports nationalism(69%), the steady effortsism(64%), the individualism(61%), and the stern disciplinoism(61%) receive the high supports, as each figure indicate, more than 60% support rates. According to this support rates, I think these isms represent the sport value consciousness of players and leaders. Especially, the cultivationism of mental training and the good mannersism have the highest support. By this fact, we can think that university players and sports leaders possess the high moral sense. 3. In the way of life, both players and leaders try to live their life in an earnest manner and a moral sense. In the sense of cooperation and competition, players make much of the competition rather than the cooperation. However, leaders think much of the cooperation. And players lay more stress to work than to leisure, unlike that leaders emphasize leisure and work equally in the analysis of leisure-work sense. 4. Players and leaders have a similar consciousness of sports value. But they also show a meaningful difference in the cultivationism of mental training, the steady effortsism, the good mannersism, and the individualism at the same time. As a result of this survey, I conclude like this : University players and sports leaders tend to have a similar consciousness of sports value and take part in the sports with the traditional view of value. These results would be caused by this reason why the confucian ideas have affected as a dominant view of our society for a long, long time and players are influenced by the leaders' view of value under the leader's guidance and training consciously or unconsciously.

체육교사의 직업적 사회화에 관한 조사(Ⅱ) : -경기도내 체육교사를 중심으로-

부기원,박기동,유근직 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1990 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.15

This study aimed at analyzing on the basis of actual proof the occupational socialization of physical education teacher. The investigation was made on all of 292 physical education teachers both of 80 middle schools and 67 high schools in Kyungki province. The results gained from the investigation were as follows : (1) The initiation of their becoming physical education teacher were generated more by the experiences of play and sports than by those of physical education class they took. This data showed that the occupational socialization of physical education teacher closely related to the socialization of sports. (2) The most influential others on the physical education teachers were turned out to be their physical education. (3) The main motivations of becoming physical education were their major in physical education at college, self-confidence in their own physical competence and perspectiveness in further development of their special talent in specific sport. Compared with the first survey of local people of Kangwon province, they replied in the same tendency. This fact demonstrates that regardless of region there is a closs affinity between physical education teacher and sports.

축구 경기규칙의 변천과정에 관한 역사적 고찰 : 「오프·사이드」룰의 변천과정을 중심으로 focused on the change of off-side rule

柳根直,朴庄平 江原大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.22

The purpose of this study is to present soccer amateurs' initial concept on soccer started with its codification and the characteristic change of soccer focused on the historical conversion of off-side rule at soccer. Two results come to emerge from this study. Firstly. the original meaning of off-side was decided not by the condition that a player is located prior to a ball passed but by the condition that a player is separated from his group or any other possible crowds. Secondly. the historical conversion of off-side rule shows that at the beginning it was applied in case that a ball receiver was positioned closer to the goal line than a final defender except GK when attacker passed the ball to the mate player moving to opposite area. Since 1990. it has been applied according to the player's involvement degree in his attack irrespective of the player's location in off-side area. When public schools in England started to play soccer as a part of curriculumm. the main purpose was to help students develope their mental and physical strength. endurance. no matter who is winner Accordingly off-side rule was set up in this manner. Since then. its original concept has not been interrupted and has been in place through the generations.