『四聲通解』의 魚語御韻과 模姥暮韻에 인용된 『蒙古韻略』과 『蒙古字韻』의 비교 연구

曲曉雲 ( Qu Xiaoyun ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.94

本文對崔世珍在≪四聲通解≫魚語御韻和模姥暮韻標註≪蒙古韻略≫何音的字與≪蒙古字韻≫做的比較分析結果如下: 1) 除了「遽」等字的訓民正音轉寫「:뀨」應改為「·뀨」、「貯」等字的訓民正音轉寫「쥬」應改為「:쥬」、「戍」等字的訓民正音轉寫「슈」應改為「·슈」外, ≪四聲通解≫魚語御韻和模姥暮韻所引≪蒙古韻略≫小韻字讀音與≪蒙古字韻≫完全一致。但≪蒙古韻略≫和≪蒙古字韻≫在收錄字上存在不同。 2) 漢語[-əw]音的≪蒙古字韻≫八思巴字轉寫為/-uw/, ≪蒙古韻略≫的訓民正音轉寫為/-əw/。八思巴字轉寫/-uw/與漢語拼音的/-ou/類似, 訓民正音的轉寫與IPA標記一致。 3) 「醵」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有平聲 [giu]和入聲 [giεw]二音, 但在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有去聲[giu]一音;「柱」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有上聲 [dʒiu]一音, 在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有上聲 [t∫iu]和去聲 [giu]二音;「紵」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有上聲 [dʒiu]一音, 在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有上聲 [t∫iu]一音。「輸」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有平聲 [∫iu]一音, 在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有去聲 [∫iu]一音。 4) ≪四聲通解≫的收錄字以≪洪武正韻≫為基準, 在≪洪武正韻≫、≪蒙古韻略≫均收錄並且在二書中的讀音一致的收錄在先, 不標註≪蒙古韻略≫何音;二書讀音不一致的漢字收錄在其後, 并標註≪蒙古韻略≫何音。崔世珍在≪四聲通解≫裡添加了≪洪武正韻≫未收錄的「續添字」, 一些「續添字」也見於≪蒙古字韻≫, 本文推測, 這樣的「續添字」可能也收錄在≪蒙古韻略≫。 5) ≪蒙古字韻≫和≪蒙古韻略≫有魚母一聲紐, 八思巴字轉寫為/’-/, 有別于喩母的/j-/, 但是崔世珍的轉寫均為/ㅇ/, 所以二母的實際音值均為零聲母[ø-]。 6) ≪蒙古字韻≫魚韻(≪蒙古韻略≫魚語御韻) 有[-u]、[-iu]兩個韻母, 但是[-iu]中的[i]受其後圓唇母音u的影響, 實際音值為接近圓唇[y]的一個音, 所以八思巴字轉寫為/ė/, 訓民正音裡無這樣的元音, 並且帶有圓唇性質的[i]與純粹的[i]在音位上不構成對立, 所以訓民正音轉寫為[i]。通過≪蒙古字韻≫魚韻(≪蒙古韻略≫魚語御韻) 的八思巴字和訓民正音的轉寫, 證明漢語的[y]韻母在≪蒙古字韻≫(≪蒙古韻略≫) 成書的時代還未產生。 7) 崔世珍在≪四聲通解≫魚語御韻和模姥暮韻引用的包括「迂」在內的≪古今韻會≫的記錄均與≪古今韻會擧要≫一致。花登正宏(1997:71) 主張從崔世珍的注釋可以證明崔世珍所見「韻會」為≪古今韻會≫, 而非≪古今韻會擧要≫, 這一主張是錯誤的。 Choi Se-Jin makes a comparative analysis of the pronunciation of some words marked “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” Yú (魚), Yǔ (語), Yù (御) and Mú (模) Mǔ (姥) Mù (暮) Rhyme. This paper makes a comparative analysis of these words and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, and the results are as follows: 1) The Chinese [-əu] sound is translated into /-uw/ in the Phags-pa character of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. The Hunminjeongeum of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” is translated into /--əw /. The transliteration of the Phags-pa character /-uw/ is similar to the /-ou/ of Hanyu Pinyin, and the transliteration of the Hunminjeongeum is consistent with the IPA mark. 2) “醵” has 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giεw] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giεw] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; “柱” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”,but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [t∫iu] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; “紵” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [t∫iu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; “輸” has 平聲 [∫iu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [∫iu] and 去聲 [∫iu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; 3) The included words of “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” are based on “Hongwu Zhengyun”. The words with the same pronunciation in Hongwu Zhengyun and “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” are included first, and The words with inconsistent pronunciation in the two books are included later, and marked with he Yin of “Mongolian Rhyme”. Choi Se-Jin added “續添字” which is not included in “Hongwu Zhengyun” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae”, some of which can also be found in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. This paper speculates that such “續添字” may also be included in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”. 4) “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” have 魚母, and the Basiba character is /’- /, which is different from the 喩母’s / j- /, but Choi Se-Jin’s transliteration is /ㅇ/, So the actual sound values of the two initials are both zero consonants [ø-]. 5) The “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚) (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)) has two vowels [-u] and [-iu], but the [i] in [-iu] is affected by the subsequent lip vowel u, and the actual sound value is close to that of the lips [y], so the Phags-pa character is pronounced as /ė/, Hunminjeongeum does not have such a vowel, And there is no phoneme opposition between the lip-sensitive [i] and the essential [i], so the Hunminjeongeum is called [i]. Through the transliteration of the Phags-pa and Hunminjeongeum of the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚) (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)), Prove that [y] vowels were not generated at the time of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”)’s writing. 6) Cui Shizhen’s records of “Gu Jin Yun Hui”, including “迂”, are consistent with the “Gu Jin Yun Hui Ju Yao”. Masahiro Hanato (1997:71) argued that it can be clarified from Cui Shizhen’s notes that the “rhyming meeting” seen by Cui Shizhen is “ancient and modern rhyming meeting” rather than “ancient and modern rhyming meeting”, which is wrong.

한국어 번역 성경의 외래어 표기 연구

유경민(Yu, Kyung-Min) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140

This study investigated the loanword orthography of bible translated into Korean regarding personal and place names. By examining the way in which society adopts loan words from the bible, the study aimed to find similar significant principles regarding Korean translation. The study found that the translation of a common noun is a semantic translation, and the translation of proper nouns such as personal and place names accepts a loan word in the form of a phonetic translation. In other words, it revealed that the common nouns and proper nouns are recognized and translated differently in the process of translation. In the process of phonetic translation, issues regarding phoneme notation and syllable recognition arise. This study took a close look at notation examples relating to these two issues. Korean-translated bibles published between the 19th and 20th century used as an object of Korean language study provides valuable insight into the shaping of Korean language throughout history via identified loan words. Thus, the study identified important linguistic principles for foreign translation and loanword orthography. Further comparison with other texts or documents still remains to be completed, providing fertile ground for future research.

초기 한국어 성경의 저본 판정을 위한 성경 서명의 음역어 대비 연구

유경민(Yu, Kyung-min) 한국언어문학회 2021 한국언어문학 Vol.116 No.-

I show how early Protestant missionaries played an important role in establishing vernacular grammar and styles during a time of flux in Korean languages. At the time, in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, Korean languages were undergoing a variety of changes due to changes in the social structure, the popularisation of Korea’s indigenous alphabet Hangeul. Since the original Bible was written, the Bible has been continuously translated, revised and retranslated by period and language. Words and styles are being refined so that more people can read them more accurately in various cultures. The Bible is a language source consisting of 929 chapter 23,214 verse in Old Testament books 39 and 260 chapter 7959 verse in New Testament books 27. The New Testament alone is a text of about 130,000 words, and one original text is translated into languages around the world. This study explores the Korean Orthography of Loanwords in the Bible. The names of 66 books in the Bible have many Transliteration, especially related to names of people or places. So, it became the subject of my study on the Transliteration of the Bible. In the case of the Korean Bible, the names of 66 books have been unified since 『셩경젼셔 개역』(1938). However, Transliterations were written differently in previous translations. What is clear is that Loanwords in the Bible are always written only in Hangeul even in the Hybrid Script of Korean and Chinese. So, I will examine how the Korean Bible accepted the notation of the Original text or the Source Text, focusing on the early translation, and explain how the Orthography of Loanwords in the modern Korean Bible was established. However, it should be kept in mind that there are cases in which the proper nouns in the table of contents and the proper nouns in the actual text are not consistent. The results of the study of the Transliteration of the Bible are used as a criterion for judging the Source Text.

<특집>한국어 교육의 오늘 : 개신교 선교사가 정리한 한국어 속담과 수수께끼 연구 -외국인의 한국 언어 문화 습득에 대한 고찰을 중심으로-

유경민 ( Kyung Min Yu ) 한국민족연구원 2014 민족연구 Vol.0 No.59

This paper studies the lists of Korean proverbs and conundrums published in KOREAN REPOSITORY and KOREA REVIEW. The lists of Korean proverbs and conundrums reported in this paper are significant for foreign missionaries collected and arranged the originals for themselves. Through the considerations of these linguistic materials which were sorted by foreigners in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the first purpose of this paper is to understand not only the characteristics of Korean language but those of Korean society and culture on those days. Furthermore, the other purpose of this paper is to examine that what this paper should consider in the field of contemporary Korean language education by studying the foreigners who were interested in Korea tried to learn Korean language and what they thought of Korea highly. This paper surveys Korean proverbs and conundrums by dividing rather vehicle than tenor, and systematize the specific vocabularies of high frequency which were used in the proverbs and conundrums. This is the way of study to examine the language using aspects of Korean people, and to analyze the vocabulary preferences of Korean. This conclusion will be utilized for selecting the vocabularies to non-mother tongue learners.

『新約全書 국한문』(1906)의 용언의 한자어화

유경민(Yu, Kyung-min) 국어국문학회 2012 국어국문학 Vol.- No.162

Since the publication of the first-ever translation in 1882 of Gospel of Luke(『예수셩교누가복음젼셔』) into pure Korean (Hangul), all Korea bibles were published only in Hangul until 1906 when the New Testament(NT henceforth) in Mixed Script(Hangul and Chinese characters, the so-called Kukhanmun or Sunhanmun). It is believed generally that in the New Testament in Mixed Script(1906) version all words including native words were turned into Sino-Korean. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the principle and process of Sino-Koreanization of New Testament in Mixed Script(1906). There are two different methods of Sino-Koreanization. One by replacing native words with sino-korean words, the other by replacing Sino-korean with another Sino-korean. And there are also two principles of Sino-Koreanization. The first one is to put chinese characters to every word. The other one is to keep the word order of Korean.

제임스 게일의 국한혼용문 번역 성경(1925)의 문체 연구

유경민(Yu, Kyung-min) 국어국문학회 2015 국어국문학 Vol.- No.173

본고의 연구 대상은 개신교의1) 한국어 성경 번역의 역사상 전무후무한 개인 번역성경전서인 『奇一 新譯 新舊約全書』(1925)이다. 본고에서 일반적인 국어학 연구에서 논외의 대상으로 처리되고, 기존의 한국어 번역 성경들과는 다른 차원의 번역으로 다루어지는 게일(James Scarth Gale)의 국한혼용문 성경을 연구의 중심에 둔 것은, 번역과 문체의 혼돈기였던 19세기 말~20세기 초에 발행되었던 게일 번역 한국어 성경이 문체론적으로 현대국어 형성에 적지않은 영향을 준 것으로 보이기 때문이다. 게일의 국한혼용문 번역 성경의 문체는 15~16세기의 용비어천가 식, 혹은 불경 언해식 국한혼용문과 닮아 있어 더욱 주목된다. 게일의 번역문과 중세국어 시기의 국한혼용문의 가장 큰 공통점은 정착된 한자어만 한자로 적고, 고유어로 쓰이는 단어들은 굳이 한자어화하여 한자로 표기하지 않았다는 점이다. 그러나 19세기 말~20세 초의 일반적 국한혼용문은 이와는 다른 형태의 문체로 시도되었다. 즉, 가능한한 많은 한자어를 사용하는 국한혼용문이 대부분이어서 고유어를 자연스럽지 못한 한자어로, 고유어 1음절에 대한 1음절 한자어화 방식의 국한혼용문이 흔히 볼 수 있는 형태였다. 그러나 게일은 이러한 무리한 한자어화 방식이 아닌 당대인에게 자연스러운 국한혼용문을 구사하였다. 어학 분야에서의 국한혼용문에 대한 연구는 그동안 그 구체적인 형성과 변천의 과정을 설명하지 못하고 있는 실정이었다. 본고에서는 이의 가장 큰 원인을 19세기 말~20세기 초에, 다른 영역의 텍스트보다 많이 간행-보급된 한국어 번역 성경에 대한 고찰이 빠져 있었던 데에 두고, 다른 영역의 텍스트들에 대한 기존의 연구들을 참고하여, 한국어 번역 성경들을 문체를 중심으로 대비하고, 그 가운데 『奇一 新譯新舊約全書』가 갖는 문체론적 특징을 밝혀 게일의 국한혼용문의 국어학적, 문체론적 의의를 설명한다. The aim of this paper is to explain the characteristics of Bible translation in Korean, especially Gale"s translation in mixed script by contrasting others published in the period of searching a style of translation in mixed script. There was the time to encourage Korean writing with official document reform from the late 19th centuries to the early 20th. However, at that time it"s the period of confusing directionality establishment in that writing of translation in mixed script was actively done and various types of others were tried. James Scarth Gale intended to translate the Bible by utilizing the natural reality language through breaking the frame of conservative style, ‘The Permanent Executive Bible Committee’. Gale"s translated version was similar to the translation in mixed script 15th through 16th century. In those days, this was isolated from British and Foreign Bible Society. The revisers made such poor progress without Gale that they decided to base their work on his version after all, making only minimal changes. The reason that this paper has the attention to Gale"s translation in mixed script is because it is quite alike to the modern Korean style among other translations in mixed script challenged the late 19th century via the early 20th.

국어 불규칙 활용에 대한 기술 내용의 변화 -`한글 맞춤법`류 및 `학교 문법서`류를 중심으로-

유경민 ( Yu Kyung-min ) 한국어교육학회(구 한국국어교육연구학회) 2017 국어교육 Vol.0 No.156

This paper aims to compare the desciptions on irregular conjugation verbs in `Korean Orthography`(Han-geul Ma-tsum-beop) and in textbooks on Korean grammar, with the intention of finding out the mutual influences afterwards. It also aims to appreciate the aims and functions of `school grammar` in the korean contexts. In chapter 2, the author has inspected that before the draft for the unification of Korean spelling(1933) have been made, how researchers described irregular conjugation verbs and inflections in Korean, and found the the first who mentioned about irregular conjugation verbs is An Hwak. In chapter 3, we examined how the irregular conjugation verbs have been treated in Korean Grammar books. In chapter 4, we summarized the changes in the descriptions on irregular conjugation verbs in the 5 revised versions of the draft for the unification of Korean spelling. In chapter 5, the author mentioned two problematic phenomena which should be reflected in the revision of the draft in 1988 version, but not included considered. In chapter 6, we emphasized the importance of grammar education in the school, especially the educations on the irregular conjugation verbs, not only they reflect synchronic phenomena but also they are one of the important elements to understand and usage of Korean Language.

『東國新續三綱行實圖』(1617) 언해문의 어휘와 번역 양상 연구

유경민(Yu, Kyung-min) 한국언어문학회 2014 한국언어문학 Vol.88 No.-

This study will focus on the translation characteristics of the vocabularies related to human found in Dongguksinsoksamganghaengsildo(東國新續三綱行實圖). Human is the most conservative creation in the universe and this classification does not change easily over time. Due to this characteristic, each particular period of time has many vocabularies in common. These commonalities would also contribute to the study of semantic relations or even in morphological change. Furthermore, Dongguksinsoksamganghaengsildo(東國新續三綱行實圖) covers thorough literal translation during its time. This study will investigate the problem cited above, specifically the frequency of the translated words. The research will also explain why Dongguksinsoksamganghaengsildo(東國新續三綱行實圖) is not a word-for-word translated text.

특집 2 : 개화기 및 현대국어 형성기 국어의 고찰 ; 국한혼용문 성경과 현대 한국어 문체의 상관성

유경민 ( Kyung Min Yu ) 반교어문학회 2014 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.38

본고의 목적은 현대 한국어 문체와 관련하여 국한혼용문 성경이 지니고 있는 국어사적 의의를 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위하여 근대 계몽기 국한혼용문의 양상과 정착 과정의 고찰하고, 현대 한국어의 문체 형성과 국한혼용문 성경의 상관성을 살핀다. 근대 국어 시기의 국한혼용문 성경은 ‘新約全書 국한문’ 계열(1906년~)과 ‘簡易鮮漢文 舊譯’ 계열(1913년~)로 나뉜다. 전자는 1900년대의 일반적인 국한혼용문과 유사하지만 후자는 전혀 다른 형태의 국한혼용문이다. 이 시기의 일반적인 국한혼용문은 일본글을 모방한 기형적 문체라고 논의될 만큼, 한자어표현을 최대한 많이 쓰고자 했던, 일상적으로는 잘 쓰이지 않는 문체였다. 그러나 ‘簡易鮮漢文 舊譯’ 계열의 국한혼용문은 한자어만을 한자로 표현하는 방식으로, 구어와 비슷한 수준으로 구사된 국한혼용문이었다. 본고에서는 이것이 현대국어의 국한혼용문으로 이어졌을 것임을 구체적으로 설명한다. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the significance of Korean language history that Mixed-script in korean Bible had by contrasting bibliographic data related with the formation of Mixed-script in korean Bible. Also it surveys that Mixed-script in korean Bible influenced on the creation of written style of modern Korean language by comparing the aspects of Mixed-script in korean Bible with the settlement process of pre-modern Korean period. Mixed-script in korean Bible of pre-modern Korean period was divided into ‘sinyakjeonseo gukhanmun(1906~)’ line and ‘ganiseonhanmun sinyak(1913~)’ line. The former is similar to the general Mixed-script in korean Bible of 1900s, but the later is definitely different. Mixed-script in korean Bible of that time had a literary characteristics that tried to write the Sino-Korean words as many as possible, though they were not used in general for deformed written style imitating Japanese text. However, Mixed-script in korean Bible of ‘ganiseonhanmun sinyak’ line are similar to spoken language in other words, they are written in Chinese character in case of Sino-Korean words. On the basis of these bibliographic facts, this paper explains that Mixed-script in korean Bibles of ‘ganiseonhanmun sinyak’ line influenced on those of modern Korean language in direct.

자동차 내장재용 재활용소재 개발 현황

유경민(Kyung Min Yu) 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.2