울란바토르시 불량주거지 ‘게르지역’의 재개발 방법

운드람(Ganbaatar Undram),양우현(Yang, Woo Hyun) 한국주거학회 2019 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.31 No.2

In Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, there is a rogue residential area called the "Ger District." This area causes inefficient land use and irregular expansion of the entire city, causing serious air pollution and soil pollution, and the Mongolian government has tried several redevelopment projects in Ger districts to solve these problems, but they are now suspended or canceled due to financial problems. This research was designed to find reasonable redevelopment methods that can be applied easily to the characteristics of the Ger district area. Three blocks in the mid-tier Ger district were analyzed, that can be connected to central infrastructure, for the improvement of living environments. Some of reasonable redevelopment methods and strategies are proposed for the sample sites.

초고강도 PBO 섬유 보강 시멘트 매트릭스의 기계적 성능평가

운드람 나디앙자브(Undram Nadianjav),하상수(Sangsu Ha),뭉크투브신 오치버드(Munkhtuvshin Orchirbud),최동욱(Donguk Choi) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.33 No.3

내부 고객의 CSR 참여가 직무 만족과 고객지향성에 미치는 영향 : 내부 브랜드 동일시의 매개효과를 중심으로

전주언,운드라,김희택,김은성 대한경영학회 2019 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.32 No.7

For the part of 40 years, corporate executives have struggled with the firm’s responsibility to society. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are broadly conceptualized as the company’s activities with respect to perceived societal obligations. CSR has become an important focus of attention among global companies. Engaging in corporate social responsibility is becoming a common business practice and across industries. There has been a variety of discussion of the benefits to firms and brands of being socially responsible, including: improved financial performance, building a loyalty with consumers, improving product quality and even internal benefits such as increases in employee commitment and reduced employee turnover. In the face of marketplace polls that attest to the increasing influence of CSR on consumers’ evaluations. Many companies expect the benefits that they obtain good brand image and human resources. By contributing to societal welfare, companies can enhance brand image among its employees. Despite increasing emphasis on CSR in the marketplace, little is known about the effects of CSR actions on internal employees. This study focuses on the relationship between a CSR activities and internal employees attitude. To discuss the importance of understanding CSR by analysing the issues that CSR activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between CSR participation and employee satisfaction. this study was set as a dependent variable into job satisfaction and customer orientation for exploring internal brand identification. First, we investigate the effect of CSR participation on internal brand identification (personal brand identification and social brand identification). Second, we examine whether brand identification can affect job satisfaction and customer orientation. In order to test the hypothesis of this study, the data was collected for various industrial groups in Korea, and finally, the sample was composed of 449 workers. The following is summary of the findings from the empirical analysis. First, CSR participation influences personal brand identification and social brand identification. Employees perceive that brand identification is viewed as expression of CSR activities. Second, we found both personal brand identification and social brand identification influences job satisfaction and customer orientation positively. As results of analyses, it is shown that CSR participation indirectly affects to internal brand identification and job performance. Specifically, CSR participation are positively related to internal brand identification in direct and internal brand identification is having the positive effects on firm performance. These results mean that the employees’ brand identification can be differently by the CSR activities. In addition, results imply that it is useful to view employees as internal customer and brand strategy is important for employees as well as for customer. Based on the findings, theoretical contribution and managerial implications are discussed. Developing CSR is something that requires intensive employees commitment and needs to be embraced by senior manager. To meet expectations of internal employees must understand the complexity of the internal issues that the CSR claims are addressing. Understanding CSR issue complexity is essential and something that firms should be integrating into operational activities, as well as communication activities. CSR is important to a broad range of stakeholders, with an equally broad range of expectations of corporate responsibilities. Managers have to understand the explicit and implicit promises they are making to internal employees. This will help to ensure that the potential positive and negative impacts of CSR image are considered. However, the implementation of CSR activities requires that there is something substantial and worthy of being communicated in the first place. There also... 최근 들어 많은 기업들은 기업의 사회적 책무를 갖고 사회에 기여할 수 있는 활동에 관심을 갖기 시작했다. 기업 관리자들은 내부 구성원들이 기업의 CSR(corporate social responsibility) 활동에 적극적으로 참여해자사 브랜드에 자부심을 느낄 수 있도록 전략적으로 관리해야 한다. 즉 기업의 CSR 활동이 기업 이미지를제고하는 것을 넘어 내부 고객으로 간주되는 종업원들에게도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 관리해야 하는것이다. 본 연구의 연구자들은 기업의 CSR 활동에 내부 고객들이 적극적으로 참여하고 이를 인식할수록 자사 브랜드에 강력한 동일시를 경험할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 기존 연구들에 의하면 내부 고객들은 자사 브랜드의정체성과 개인적 혹은 사회적으로 일치한다고 인식하면 동일시를 경험해 조직성과에 긍정적으로 작용한다고주장하고 있다. 적극적인 기업의 CSR 활동은 개별 내부 고객들에게 개인적 동일시를 구축할 수 있을 뿐만아니라 자사 브랜드를 통해 집단 멤버십을 표현할 수 있다고 인식하는 사회적 동일시로 이어질 수 있다. 이상의논의에 근거해 본 연구는 내부 고객이 바라보는 기업의 CSR 활동이 내부 브랜드 동일시를 유발시켜 긍정적인조직성과로 이어질 수 있음을 검증하는 것이 목적이다. 본 연구의 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내부 고객의 CSR 참여는 개인적 내부 브랜드 동일시와 사회적내부 브랜드 동일시에 모두 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 내부 고객의 CSR 활동 참여를통해 형성된 개인적ˑ사회적 내부 브랜드 동일시는 직무만족과 고객 지향적 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, CSR 활동에 의한 내부 고객 브랜드 동일시로 형성된 직무만족은 고객 지향성에 미치는영향력은 유의하지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 CSR 활동에 참여함으로써 형성된 개인적ˑ사회적 내부 브랜드동일시가 직무만족을 높일 수 있지만 이러한 직무만족이 고객 지향성에 미치는 영향력은 한계가 있음을 의미한다. 이상의 연구결과에 근거해 실무적 시사점을 제안했다.

보험설계사의 감정노동이 우울감과 이직의도에 미치는 영향

전주언(Jeon, Joo-Eon),이훈(Lee, Hoon),운드라(Undrkh, Bayarsaikhan),이호경(Lee, Ho Kyung) 글로벌경영학회 2020 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 다양한 감정노동 근로자 중 독립사업자 신분의 특수고용직 종사자인 보험설계사들의 감정노동, 우울감, 그리고 이직의도와의 관계를 검증하는 것이 목적이었다. 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보험설계사의 내면행위는 직무몰입도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 이직의도를 낮춰 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 보험설계사의 표면행위는 우울감에 영향을 미쳤고, 직무몰입도를 낮춰 이직의도가 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 감정노동자들의 범위를 독립사업자 신분의 특수고용직으로 확장해 감정노동에 따른 우울감을 검증했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 또한 내면행위보다 표면행위가 감정소진으로 인한 정신장애를 더욱 유발시킬 수 있는 특수고용직을 발견했다는 점에서 기여하는 바가 있다. 표면행위를 선택한 감정노동자는 실제 감정을 억누르는 상태에서 감정을 표현해야 하므로 감정소진이 발생한다고 기존 연구들은 주장하고 있다. 독립사업자 신분에서도 표면행위로 인한 우울감이 발생할 수 있음을 발견했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 본 연구 결과에 근거해 실무적 전략과 향후 연구를 제안했다. Research on emotional labor has grown exponentially in the economy. Although many studies have been concerned with emotional labor strategies, the empirical results regarding the consequences on emotional labor employees depressive symptoms are still inconclusive. Insurance agents are not instructed to work by insurance managers, and the service place is flexible. However, insurance companies attempted to motivate insurance agents to perform their functions by voluntarily abiding by rules on emotional display. Few studies have compared emotional labor between insurance agents and service workers. This study analyzed the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms in insurance agents. The results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that surface acting affected depressive symptoms. Second, job commitment decreased for employees who experienced depressive symptoms . Third, the positive relationship between surface acting and depressive symptoms was affected by turnover intentions. Based on the above results, it is argued that the insurance industry and emotional labor in the workplace are dynamic, and the depressive symptoms of the employees can be different within emotional labor strategies.