원가관리가 기업 내부 · 외부 연구개발 효율성에 미치는 영향

우청원(Chungwon Woo),정양헌(Yanghon Chung) 한국관리회계학회 2016 관리회계연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 국내 제조기업들의 내부 · 외부 연구개발 효율성을 분석하고, 원가관리 수행여부에 따른 연구개발 효율성의 차이를 분석하였다. 연구를 수행하기 위해 톰슨 로이터의 Asset4 Datastream과 과학기술정책연구원의 기술혁신조사 설문자료를 이용하였다. 비모수적 방법론인 자료포괄분석(Data Envelopment Analysis:DEA)을 사용한 분석결과에 따르면 국내 기업들의 연구개발 효율성은 전반적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 효율성이 낮은 기업들은 규모의 비효율성에 비해 순수 기술의 비효율성이 주 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 슬랙값 분석을 수행한 결과, 내부 연구개발의 슬랙값이 외부 연구개발의 슬랙값보다 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 원가관리를 수행하고 공시하는 기업의 연구개발 효율성이 원가관리를 수행하지 않은 기업의 연구개발 효율성보다 높다는 것을 밝혔다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 본 연구는 첫째, 기업은 연구개발투자 규모만을 키울 것이 아니라 연구개발의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 강구하여야 하며, 둘째는 내부 연구개발투자 뿐만 아니라 외부 연구개발투자의 비효율성을 줄일 수 있도록 하여야 하며. 셋째는 기업의 원가관리는 기업의 재무적 성과뿐만 아니라 연구개발 효율성에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치므로 연구개발 원가관리시스템을 실행하는 것이 필요하다는 시사점을 제시하였다. This paper examines the internal and external R&D efficiencies for Korean manufacturing firms and reveals the impact of cost management on R&D efficiencies. In order to examine the hypotheses, we use Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) as non-parametric methodologies by using Datastream from Thomson Reuters and Korean Innovation Survey(KIS) from STEPI. We find that most listed manufacturing firms have high R&D efficiencies. On the other hand, there are few firms having low R&D efficiencies because of inefficient pure technology efficiencies calculated by disassembling total R&D efficiencies. When examining slack comparison, slacks of internal R&D efficiencies are larger than ones of external R&D efficiencies. In addition, firms implementing advanced cost management such as risk management and change management have higher R&D efficiencies than firms which do not conduct it. We provide three main implications. First, managers have to consider the strategy to improve pure technology efficiencies as well as scale efficiencies. Second, efficiently using input is a critical issue in internal R&D efficiencies. Lastly, cost management increases not only financial performance but also R&D efficiencies by distributing R&D inputs and reducing unnecessary procedures.

과학기술계 출연(연) 사회적 가치 확대를 위한 R&D 추진방안 연구

우청원(Chungwon Woo),장필성(Pilseong Jang),김태양(Taeyang Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

There is a growing interest in realizing social values through science and technology. Among the global risks, environmental and social factors are becoming more important than economic factors. Major foreign countries regard social value as important in science and technology policy. Korea also proposes a people-centered national philosophy and treats social values as important in science and technology policy. The purpose of this study is to derive R&D plans for GRIs that play a major role in national science and technology policy to realize social values. First of all, social values should be understood, and the basis for realizing GRIs’ social values is derived. Next, we derive social values that GRIs should focus on and draw specific policy to realize them. In this study, three research contents are included to achieve the research purpose. First, the social value definition and characteristics are identified by examining the theory of social value. By investigating at the legislation associated with social values, we look at how social values are specified. Second, to derive the direction of GRIs for social value realization, Conducting surveys on citizens and experts, and investigating domestic and overseas R&D policies, and R&D projects. Third, in-depth case studies and expert interviews are conducted to derive specific policy tasks. Through the above methods, this study derives 11 policy tasks and categorizes them into 4 types. First, establishing GRIs R&R. In order to establish effective R&R of GRIs, this study presented the process of realizing social value associated with R&R and the guidelines for establishing R&R. Second, the preliminary(Ex-ante) preparation system suggested the establishment of integrated DB, classification system, and AI-based real-time monitoring system before R&D. Third, R&D planning and operation includes the introduction of the ‘Planning Living Lab’ system, which is necessary for consultation among various stakeholders, securing non-R&D budgets, establishing an implementation system at the government·NST·GRIs, building a citizen participation platform, and training social entrepreneurship and etc. Lastly, in the evaluation and implemetation of R&D, Social BSC, a social evaluation system, was proposed, and a technology transfer system for social economic organization, such as social venture and social enterprise was established.

블록체인 기반 연구데이터 플랫폼 구축 방안

우청원(Chungwon Woo),이정우(Jungwoo Lee),손수아(Soo-Ah Sohn) 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

The demand for research data sharing and utilization increases. As digital technology develops, research data production and accumulation speed increases, and as convergence research and joint research increase worldwide, demand for sharing and utilization of research data increases. Although there is a research data platform, it is not well shared and utilized. Attempts to solve existing problems increase by incorporating blockchain into research data platforms. Blockchain has been attracting attention as a key technology of the fourth industrial revolution, and the introduction of blockchain to ensure data transparency and integrity in untacted services, which have recently been drawing attention due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas where blockchain can contribute to sharing and utilizing research data, and to present a plan to build a blockchain-based research data platform. We propose five methods for building blockchain-based research data platforms. First, operators set the purpose and scope of the demand-based research data platform. Existing research data platforms did not reflect different demands by the research field. 1) Demand discovery, 2) demand clarification and typification, and 3) selection of target research field are necessary for determining Blockchain-based research data platform purpose and scope. Incentive structures must be in place to clearly distinguish the roles of the public from the private sector in the research data platform and to allow the private sector to participate in the public research data platform. Second, considering the characteristics of blockchain, application areas should be selected first and the operating system should be prepared. There are issues related to sharing and utilizing research data that are difficult to solve with blockchain, such as difficulty in collecting research data and lack of standardized research data. The blockchain implementation area should be selected based on 1) the possibility of research data collection, 2) degree of standardization, 3) capacity, and production speed. Blockchain specialized data curation that can manage research data quality is needed. Third, the possibility of implementing blockchain technology should be considered. For sharing and utilizing research data, specific blockchain technologies or services should be identified. It can be used while protecting personal information through DID and zero-knowledge proof. Cloud-based distributed storage technology enables storing and transmitting large amounts of research data. Comparison of hash values can fundamentally prevent the falsification of research data. Smart contracts can reduce sharing costs and support an incentive system. Fourth, social acceptability should be expanded by improving perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The social acceptability of blockchain-based research data platforms is low. It is necessary to develop services that are differentiated from existing platforms and continue to develop technologies until the number of users reaches critical mass. UX/UI development is needed to increase usability. Lastly, it is necessary to come up with measures to support the development, distribution, and management of blockchain services. It is difficult for small and medium-sized companies to cover the cost of building blockchain services. Public blockchain infrastructure support services are needed so that companies or institutions can develop, distribute, and manage blockchain services. For example, China Blockchain Service Network (BSN) supports local Internet networks and cloud services so that companies or institutions can develop standardized blockchain services.

스마트이동체 기업의 원가효율성 분석: 자율주행차, 드론 기업을 중심으로

우청원(Woo, Chung-Won),김진용(Kim, Jin-Yong),윤상필(Yoon, Sang-Pil) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.5

[연구목적] 정부는 기존 주력산업의 한계를 극복하고 새로운 혁신성장동력을 발굴하기 위해 13대 분야 혁신성장동력을 선정하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 13대 혁신성장동력 분야 중 스마트이동체 분야 기업의 원가효율성을 분석하고, 세부분야별(자율주행차, 드론) 원가효율성의 변화와 변화요인을 분석하는 것이다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 Date Envelopment Analysis(DEA)를 통해 분야별 기업의 원가효율성을 분석하였다. 또한, DEA/Malmquist 생산성 지수를 활용하여 2017-2020년 분야별 기업의 원가효율성 변화를 알아보고, 기업의 내부역량과 외부환경이 어떻게 변화하였는지 분석하였다. [연구결과] 스마트이동체 분야의 원가효율성은 전반적으로 높지 않았다. 자율주행차 분야의 경우 2018년부터 기업의 내부역량이 꾸준히 증가하였고, 2018-2019년에는 외부환경이 원가효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 드론 분야는 2019년 이후부터 내부역량이 성장하기 시작하였고, 2019-2020년 외부환경이 원가효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구결과는 스마트이동체 혁신정책 수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구를 통해 스마트이동체 분야의 지속적인 R&D지원의 필요성과 혁신성장동력 세부분야별 특성에 맞는 지원의 필요성을 제시하였다. [Purpose] The government selected innovative growth engines in 13 major fields. This study analyze the cost efficiency of companies in the smart mobility sector among the 13 major innovative growth engines, and to analyze changes and factors in cost efficiency. [Methodology] This study analyzed the cost efficiency of companies by sector through DEA. In addition, the DEA/Malmquist productivity index was utilized to find out the changes in cost efficiency, and to analyze how the company’s internal capabilities and external environment changed. [Findings] The overall cost efficiency in the smart mobility sector was not high. In the case of autonomous vehicle, the internal capabilities of companies have steadily increased since 2018, and external environmental factors negatively affected cost efficiency in 2018-2019. In the drone field, internal capabilities began to grow after 2019, and the external environment negatively affected cost efficiency between 2019-2020. [Implications] The results of this study can be used as reference for establishing smart mobility support policies. In addition, the need for continuous R&D support in the smart mobility sector and the need for support policies suitable for the characteristics of each sector were presented.

혁신정책의 변인(變因) 수용과 과학기술 법제 간 정합성 제고방안

양승우(Seung-Woo Yang),홍성주(Sung-Joo Hong),신은정(Eun-Jung Shin),우청원(Chung-Won Woo),김영린(Yeong-Lin Kim),최지선(Ji-Sun Choi) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

국가 출연연구소의 협업적 융합연구 성과 분석

조용래(Yong-rae Cho),우청원(Chung-won Woo),최종화(Jong-hwa Choi) 한국기술혁신학회 2017 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

‘기술융합’은 기존기술 간 결합 또는 전혀 새로운 기술개발을 통한 신산업 창출과 사회적 난제 해결을 가능하게 하는 혁신의 최근 트렌드이다. 과학기술을 통한 한국 경제성장 전략의 첨병이었던 국가 출연(연)구소에 대해서도 융합연구 조직으로의 역할 변화를 둘러싼 정책적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 출연(연) 융합연구의 성공 핵심요소를 ‘협력’으로 보고 다음의 연구목적을 설정하였다. 첫째, 기술개발 목적과 문제해결 과정 관점에서 융합연구 개념과 범위를 정의하고, 그 특성을 반영하는 분석 프레임워크를 제안한다. 둘째, 융합연구에서의 협력활동과 그 성과를 유형화하고 새로운 분석지표를 제안한다. 셋째, 융합연구에서의 협력활동 특성과 그 정도가 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 이를 위하여, 국가연구개발사업 및 NST 융합연구사업을 통한 융합연구 과제 수행 경험이 있는 각 출연(연) 104명의 연구책임자들에게 협력의 방식 및 정성적 성과에 대한 설문조사를 수행하였다. 이후, 조사결과를 바탕으로 협력활동 특성과 성과 간 상관관계를 규명하는 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 지식 창출활동에서는 협력 파트너 다변화가 중요한 변수였다. 둘째, 유사분야 연구자들 간 집체형 협력활동은 특허·기술이전과 같이 목적이 명확한 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구자들에게 독립성과 자율성을 부여하고, 지식·노하우 등 기술역량의 상호공유가 이루어질수록 창출지식의 다양성 및 관계의 지속성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 융합연구를 위한 협력과 성과 분석방법의 정책방향을 제시한다.

최적 R&D 포트폴리오 설계를 위한 이슈-기술 탐색 연구

장훈(Hoon Jang),우청원(Chungwon Woo),김태경(Tae Kyung Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2018 조사연구 Vol.- No.-

연구개발서비스업 혁신역량 강화방안 기획연구

최병삼(Byong-Sam Choi),박찬수(Chansoo Park),우청원(Chungwon Woo),이성원(Sung-Won Lee) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책자료 Vol.- No.-

공공서비스의 지능화 혁신을 통한 첨단기술의 수요연계 R&D 추진방안

최종화(Jonghwa Choi),조용래(Yongrae Cho),우청원(Chungwon Woo),정장훈(Jang Hoon Chung),김은아(Eun-A Kim),차종혁(Jonghyuk Cha) 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

Intelligent innovation has been one of the national strategies as stated by the government at the recent inaugural session of Committee on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This is due to the fact that intellectualization is considered as a key agenda to drive new innovation during the fourth industrial revolution. Though there has still been an on-going controversy arising from the conceptual ambiguity of what is meant by the fourth industrial revolution, one remarkable point is that some of the newly emerged technologies have already shown eye-opening progress. Thus, it is worth investigating because technological advancement and economic development occurred during the phenomenal and historical third wave of information revolution. Considering the Korean government’s current policies for innovative growth, the new business initiatives through the use of new technologies are undoubtedly significant to achieve the intelligent innovation. However, conventional R&D investment approaches (e.g. subsidies for R&D) have limited to realize such innovation. To address the problematic situation, we suggest new directions containing the creation of new demand through innovative public services and the development of technology-based new solutions to accelerate it. This forms a part of demand-driven innovation activities recently being carried out in many European countries. Focusing on the intellectualization of innovative public services, this study seeks to find out new insights in order to enhance public service quality and trigger new and innovative technologies. In this context, we examine the details of public demand to clarify who the substantive consumers are and what needs to be defined to specify the demand. Moreover, we analyze the features of current policies and relevant organizations in South Korea. Then, both national and international cases are explored to grasp the challenges of industrial impacts from R&D in extant operations and the global best practices with respect to policies, organizations and public markets respectively. Finally, this report makes an original contribution by providing demand-driven R&D strategies in the form of twenty tasks in five categories. These formulate a procedural approach from discovering and planning the initial demand to linking it with a purchase, and it contains a wider context of strategizing new R&D investment beyond unit-based business initiatives. Our recommendations contribute to a better understanding of demand-driven innovation as an effective alternative especially for policymakers.

온실가스 감축기술의 융합을 통한 산업적 성과 제고방안

박환일(Hwanil Park),박찬수(Chan Soo Park),우청원(Chung Won Woo),유인혜(In Hye Yoo),이일수(Il Soo Lee) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-