모바일 센서 네트워크에서 최단거리 멀티홉전송을 위한 강한연결 클러스터 기법

우매리 한국멀티미디어학회 2018 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.21 No.6

Since sensor networks consist of sensor nodes with limited energy resources, so efficient energy use of sensor nodes is very important in the design of sensor networks. Sensor nodes consume a lot of energy for data transmission. Clustering technique is used to efficiently use energy in data transmission. Recently, mobile sink techniques have been proposed to reduce the energy load concentrated on the cluster header near a sink node. The CMS(Cluster-based Mobile sink) technique minimizes the generation of control messages by creating a data transmission path while creating clusters, and supports the inter-cluster one-hop transmission. But, there is a case where there is no connectivity between neighbor clusters, it causes a problem of having a long hop data transmission path regardless of local distance. In this paper, we propose a SCBC(Strong connection balancing cluster) to support the path of the minimum number of hops. The proposed scheme minimizes the number of hops in the data transmission path and supports efficient use of energy in the cluster header. This also minimizes a number of hops in data transmission paths even when the sink moves and establishes a new path, and it supports the effect of extending the life cycle of the entire sensor network.

클라스터 센서 네트워크에서 토폴로지 행렬 기반 멀티홉 라우팅

우매리,박호환,김종근,Wu, Mary,Park, Ho-Hwan,Kim, Chong-Gun 한국융합신호처리학회 2013 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.14 No.1

센서 네트워크에서 센서는 제한된 에너지 자원을 가지므로, 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하는 것은 중요하다. 대표적인 클러스터링 기법인 LEACH, LEACHC, TEEN 등은 클러스터 헤더가 수집한 정보를 싱크로 전달할 때, 직접 전송을 기본 방법으로 가정한다. 싱크 노드로부터 먼 거리에 클러스터가 위치하는 경우에, 클러스터 헤더는 데이터를 전송하기 위해서 많은 에너지를 소진하고, 이로 인해서 수명이 단축되고, 이 경우에 재클러스터링을 필요로 한다. 클러스터링 과정에서도 센서 노드는 상당한 에너지를 소모한다. 싱크 노드로부터 먼 곳에 위치한 클러스터 헤더의 빠른 에너지 고갈을 억제하기 위해 이웃 클러스터를 통해 싱크로 데이터를 전송하는 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구는 클러스터 센서 네트워크에서 멀티홉 전송 방안으로 토폴로지 행렬을 기반으로 하는 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 토폴로지 행렬은 클러스터가 구성된 형태를 나타내고, 에너지 효율성을 기준으로 라우팅은 1홉기반 라우팅과 2홉기반 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. Sensors have limited resources in sensor networks, so efficient use of energy is important. Representative clustering methods, LEACH, LEACHC, TEEN generally use direct transmission methods from cluster headers to a sink node to pass collected data. If clusters are located at a long distance from the sink node, the cluster headers exhaust a lot of energy in order to transfer the data. As a consequence, the life of sensors is shorten and re-clustering is needed. In the process of clustering, sensor nodes consume some energy and the energy depletion of the cluster headers meet another energy exhaustion. A method of transferring data from cluster headers to the sink using neighbor clusters is needed for saving energy. In this paper, we propose a novel routing method using a multi-hop transmission method in cluster sensor networks. This method uses the topology matrix which presents cluster topology. One-hop routing and two-hop routing are proposed in order to increase the energy efficiency.

Performance analyses of path recovery routing protocols in AD HOC networks

우매리,Chonggun Kim 한국전산응용수학회 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1

On-demand routing protocol in ad hoc network is that establishes a route to a destination node only when it is required by a source node. But, it is necessary to reestablish a new route when an active route breaks down. The reconstruction process establishes another route by flooding messages from the source to the destination, cause not only heavy traffic but also long delays in route discovery. A good method for analyzing performance of protocols is important for deriving better systems. In this paper, we suggest the numerical formulas of a representative on-demand routing protocol AODV, ARMP, and RRAODV to estimate the performance of these routing protocols for analyzing the performance of these protocols. The proposed analytical models are very simple and straightforward. The results of analysis show good agreement with the results of computer simulations. On-demand routing protocol in ad hoc network is that establishes a route to a destination node only when it is required by a source node. But, it is necessary to reestablish a new route when an active route breaks down. The reconstruction process establishes another route by flooding messages from the source to the destination, cause not only heavy traffic but also long delays in route discovery. A good method for analyzing performance of protocols is important for deriving better systems. In this paper, we suggest the numerical formulas of a representative on-demand routing protocol AODV, ARMP, and RRAODV to estimate the performance of these routing protocols for analyzing the performance of these protocols. The proposed analytical models are very simple and straightforward. The results of analysis show good agreement with the results of computer simulations.

Ad Hoc 네트워크의 경로손실 회피기반 RPAODV 라우팅

우매리,김영락,김종근,Wu Mary,Kim Youngrak,Kim Chonggun 한국정보처리학회 2004 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.11 No.7

Ad Hoc 네트워크에서는 노드들의 라우팅기능을 이용하여 목적지 노드까지 패킷을 전송한다. 노드이용 등으로 다음 홉 노드에 대한 링크를 손실하면 계속적인 패킷 전송을 위해서 새경로 탐색이 요구된다. 요구 기반 라우팅 프로토콜 AODV는 노드 이동으로 인한 경로 손실시에 다음 홉 노드의 링크 손실을 이식한 노드가 경로 유지를 위해 지역 탐색을 수행하거나 발신지 노드가 새경로 탐색을 수행하여 경로를 유지한다. 이 경우 새경로 탐색이나 지역 경로 탐색은 패킷의 지연을 가져오고, QoS에 나쁜 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 다음 홉 노드에 대한 링크손실을 예측한 노드가 자신의 이웃 노드 중 적절한 다른 노드를 다음 홉 노드로 선택하여 경로 손실을 예방하고 QoS를 높이는 RPAODV 기법을 제안한다. Ad Node transmits packets to a destination node using routing function of intermediate nodes on the path in Ad Hoc networks. When the link to a next hop node in a path is broken due to the next hop node's mobility, a new route search process is required for continuing packets transmission. The node which recognizes link fault starts a local route recovery or the source node starts a new route search in the on demand routing protocol AODV. In this case, the new route search or the local route search brings packet delays and bad QoSs by packet delay. We propose RPAODV that the node predicts a link fault selects a possible node in neighbor nodes as a new next hop node for the path. The proposed protocol can avoid path faults and improve QoS.

계층적 라우팅 경로를 제공하는 에너지 균등분포 클러스터 센서 네트워크

우매리 한국융합신호처리학회 2023 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.24 No.3

Efficient energy management is a very important factor in sensor networks with limited resources, and cluster techniques have been studied a lot in this respect. However, a problem may occur in which energy use of the cluster header is concentrated, and when the cluster header is not evenly distributed over the entire area but concentrated in a specific area, the transmission distance of the cluster members may be large or very uneven. The transmission distance can be directly related to the problem of energy consumption. Since the energy of a specific node is quickly exhausted, the lifetime of the sensor network is shortened, and the efficiency of the entire sensor network is reduced. Thus, balanced energy consumption of sensor nodes is a very important research task. In this study, factors for balanced energy consumption by cluster headers and sensor nodes are analyzed, and a balancing distribution clustering method in which cluster headers are balanced distributed throughout the sensor network is proposed. The proposed cluster method uses multi-hop routing to reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes due to long-distance transmission. Existing multi-hop cluster studies sets up a multi-hop cluster path through a two-step process of cluster setup and routing path setup, whereas the proposed method establishes a hierarchical cluster routing path in the process of selecting cluster headers to minimize the overhead of control messages.

센서 네트워크에서 모바일 싱크를 위한 효율적인 라우팅 기법

우매리(Mary Wu) 한국멀티미디어학회 2017 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.20 No.4

사물인터넷 기술개요와 개발동향

우매리(Mary Wu) 영남신학대학교 2016 신학과 목회 Vol.46 No.-

In the near future society, in addition to people sharing information via the Internet, it is expected to evolve in the IoT(Internet of Thing). In the IoT environment, information that things are produced or environmental information that sensors sense are shared over the Internet. The IoT enabled the sharing of information between things and things, and between things and people, and then, people can be further optimized for their actions through the received information and systems are able themselves to the status determination, and autonomously perform operations without human intervention. In the future of the Internet, most objects that are present in the peripheral has a unique identifier, exchange with each other the data generated through the sensing function and operation. As a result, the role of the production and the consumption of information that only people can do be expanded to a range of things, and it provides the convenience and automation in daily life, will create a new level of service and market. In the paper, in order to understand and prepare IoT as a principal in the era of IoT, IoT technical elements for providing IoT, such as sensing technology, context-aware technologies, location-based technologies, ontology technology, information technology, big data processing, RFID, WPAN, WiFi, cloud computing are introduced, and IoT services of various types which offered in our real life are introduced. Finally, the future prospects of IoT technologies are introduced.

인터넷의 역기능과 인터넷 윤리 활성화 방안

우매리(Mary Wu) 영남신학대학교 2015 신학과 목회 Vol.43 No.-

Internet has improved quality of our life, such as being a tool of knowledge creation, providing a variety of information, facilitating communication for modern man. But, due to incorrect use of the Internet, Internet side effects and Internet dysfunction such as Internet addiction, invasion of privacy, copyright infringement, harmful information, cyberbullying are emerging as a new social problem. Analysis of the ethics of current Internet users based on Internet ethical culture survey conducted by the Korea Internet Development Agency shows that there are many younger users having experience of writing malicious comments and cyber terrorism and the reason for that behavior is a serious level. Ethics of Internet users is very significant, while Internet ethics education status in elementary, middle, high school do not place great importance on having ethical ability and attitudes to solve actively the problem of Internet dysfunction. In order to actively cope with the problem of Internet dysfunction, this paper looks at the Internet dysfunction which is expressed in a variety of symptoms and analyzes the current situation of Internet ethics and provides the activation direction of Internet ethics.

디지털 기술에 기반한 기술융합 시대로서의 제4차 산업혁명의 미래 동향

우매리(Mary Wu) 영남신학대학교 2018 신학과 목회 Vol.50 No.-

The 4th industrial revolution will lead to technology convergence where the boundaries between physical space, digital space and will have a significant impact on the economic structure based on the cyber system. It has the characteristics of hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence, and through these features, everything will be interconnected and fused, transforming the environment in which we live into a more intelligent society. In this paper, we understand the changes of technological environment and industrial structure in the 4th industrial revolution and to recognize the position as the leading role of the 4th industrial revolution.

SNS 서비스의 교육적활용의 연구동향과 방향

우매리(Wu Mary) 영남신학대학교 2013 신학과 목회 Vol.40 No.-

In this paper, the research to maximize the effect of learning using SNS services are performed. The characters of various SNS services are introduced and the examples of the researches appling the SNS services in a variety of educational fields are analysed. The SNS services are divided into closed type, opened type, micro-blog type. The various SNS services can be used as the main tool to accomplish the purpose of a class in the class and the auxiliary tool to increase the interest of the class and provide smooth communications between a teacher and students. In on-line or blended learning environments, they can be used as the complementary tool to redeem the absence of close ties through the class and the pathway of communications between the teacher and students. In team projects, they can also be used as the troubleshooting tools to provide smooth communications and exchange their ideas between team members. This paper provides a basis research for maximizing the effect of learning by applying suitable the SNS service based on the characteristic of various educational fields when the SNS services are in a various educational fields.