캐나다 소년사법과 회복적 사법

오향숙 한국소년정책학회 2015 少年保護硏究 Vol.28 No.2

Youth or juvenile crime is a controversial issue in Canadian politics. While the fact that youth crime is quite common in Canada is lamentable, there are disagreements concerning how to treat youths in the criminal system. The controversy centres on the best approach taken to address youth offenders and the severity of punishment that should be given. This article provides a historical overview of Canadian approaches to youth justice. It outlines several stages of Canadian legislation, including the 1908 Juvenile Delinquents Act, the 1982 Young Offenders Act, and the 2003 Youth Criminal Justice Act. In 1982, Parliament passed the Young Offenders Act (YOA). Effective beginning in 1984, the Young Offenders Act replaced the most recent version of the Juvenile Delinquents Act. The Young Offenders Act’s purpose was to shift from a social welfare approach to making youth take responsibility for their actions. It also addressed concerns that the paternalistic treatment of children under the JDA did not conform to Canadian human rights legislation. Since its introduction, the Youth Criminal Justice Act has received both praise and criticism. The Act has been successful in significantly reducing rates of incarceration among youths, especially for those who have committed less serious offences. Instead, there has been an increase in the number of youths being sentenced to supervision in the community, as well as deferred custody orders, in which a young person can avoid incarceration by showing good behaviour. Moreover, there has been a greater emphasis placed on extrajudicial measures, such as referral to restorative justice agencies, where the offender must face his/her victim and the victim's family. For some, these trends are positive, as they move away from an approach to youth justice in which imprisonment is viewed as an effective means of addressing youth delinquency, and towards one which embraces alternative forms of dealing with youths in order to teach responsibility and respect for others. However, for those that view incarceration as a just and beneficial means of punishing young offenders, such trends may be disappointing. It is important to note, however, that the Act does maintain stiff sentencing, including long-term incarceration, for youths that have committed serious offences, such as murder.

실손형 민간의료보험 가입 특성 및 의료이용행태

오향숙,김창윤 보건의료산업학회 2014 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.8 No.2

This study tries to investigate inequity in supplementary private health insurance insured in terms of the analysis of insurance insured general characteristics and to analyze the influence of supplementary private health insurance on their admission and their outpatient medical utilization behavior. As a result of the analysis of the general characteristics of supplementary private health insurances insured, it has turned out that men, persons at low ages, people with a spouse and chronic diseases, and persons with a high income have applied such insurances more. We can also tell that low-income classes have difficulty in applying private health insurances as people in the fifth income quintile have applied such insurances about 9 times as much as those in the first income quintile. The analysis of supplementary private health insurance insured health care utilization behavior has revealed that both male and female insured aged less than 55 and without chronic diseases have increases the number of their use of health care, their patient charge, and their medical cost per visit.

일본의 아동포르노 소지규제에 관한 고찰

오향숙 한국소년정책학회 2015 少年保護硏究 Vol.28 No.1

How pornography should be regulated is one of the mostcontroversial topics to have arisen in relation to the Internet inrecent years. The widespread availability of pornography on theInternet has stirred up a ‘moral panic’ shared by the government,law enforcement bodies such as the police, prosecutors andjudges along with the media in general. Japan is the only OECD nation that has not universallyoutlawed possession of child pornography and activists say thenew, tougher local laws in Kyoto will not change that overnight. With various manifestations of a fascination with the youngand innocent as sex objects, from graphic versions of manga, orJapanese comics, to the "junior idol" industry featuring childmodels in bikinis, Japan has a considerable way to go to shedan image of pornographers' safe haven. Out of Japan's 47 provinces, only Kyoto bans possession ofchild pornography and prescribes a jail sentence. NeighboringNara is the only other province to deem it a crime, but it hasonly financial penalties. It has arrested several people forpossession of child pornography, but authorities could not give anumber since several were charged with other crimes. In 1999, Japan outlawed production and distribution of childpornography as well as possession with the intention to pass iton, and offenders could face fines and prison terms of up to fiveyears. However, simple possession, without an intention todistribute, remains legal, except in Kyoto and Nara. Kyoto's new ordinance that came into force in Januaryimposes fines for possession of child pornography and introducesa penalty of up to one year in jail for buying or downloadingsuch material. Also, In this paper, we decided to study the regulation ofsimple possession by Child Pornography Control Act of Japan,which was amended in 2014.

아동학대범죄의 사전예방을 위한 가정방문지원 - 미국의 Healthy Families America(HFA)의가정방문프로그램을 중심으로 -

오향숙 한국소년정책학회 2017 少年保護硏究 Vol.30 No.2

HFA-is rooted in the belief that early, nurturing relationships are the foundation for life-long, healthy development. HFA delivers home visits to overburdened families, to help parents forge a strong bond with their child despite challenges such as single parenthood, low income, and depression that put children at risk for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse and neglect. All HFA sites are required to adhere to 12 critical elements that serve as the framework for program development and implementation. The 12 critical elements are operationalized as best practice standards with specific criteria for rating site compliance. The critical elements include: Service Initiation 1. Initiate services prenatally or at birth. 2. Use a standardized assessment tool to systematically identify families who are most in need of services. This tool should assess the presence of various factors associated with increased risk for child maltreatment or other poor childhood outcomes. 3. Offer services voluntarily and use positive outreach efforts to build family trust. Service Content 4. Offer services intensively (for example, at least once a week) with well-defined criteria for increasing or decreasing frequency of service and service over the long term (for example, three to five years). 5. Make services culturally competent such that the staff understands, acknowledges, and respects cultural differences among participants; staff and materials used should reflect the cultural, linguistic, geographic, racial, and ethnic diversity of the populations served. 6. Focus services on supporting the parent as well as supporting parent-child interaction and child development. 7. At a minimum, link all families to a medical provider to ensure optimal health and development. Link families to additional services, as needed. 8. Limit staff caseloads to ensure that home visitors have an adequate amount of time to spend with each family to meet their unique and varying needs and to plan for future activities. Administration (Personnel, Staffing, Training, Supervision, Governance and Administration) 9. Select service providers because of their personal characteristics, their willingness to work in or their experience working with culturally diverse communities, and their skills to do the job. 10. Train service providers about their role so they understand the essential components of family assessment and home visitation. 11. Give service providers a framework, based on education or experience, for handling the variety of situations they may encounter when working with at-risk families. All service providers should receive basic training in areas such as cultural competency, substance abuse, reporting child abuse, domestic violence, drug-exposed infants, and services in their community. 12. Give service providers ongoing, effective supervision so that they are able to develop realistic and effective plans to empower families to meet their objectives; to understand why a family may not be making progress and how to work with the family more effectively; and to express their concerns and frustrations so that they can see that they are making a difference and avoid stress-related burnout. .

일본의 아동포르노 소지규제에 관한 고찰

오향숙 ( Oh Hyung-suk ) 한국소년정책학회 2015 少年保護硏究 Vol.28 No.-

How pornography should be regulated is one of the most controversial topics to have arisen in relation to the Internet in recent years. The widespread availability of pornography on the Internet has stirred up a ‘moral panic’ shared by the government, law enforcement bodies such as the police, prosecutors and judges along with the media in general. Japan is the only OECD nation that has not universally outlawed possession of child pornography and activists say the new, tougher local laws in Kyoto will not change that overnight. With various manifestations of a fascination with the young and innocent as sex objects, from graphic versions of manga, or Japanese comics, to the "junior idol" industry featuring child models in bikinis, Japan has a considerable way to go to shed an image of pornographers' safe haven. Out of Japan's 47 provinces, only Kyoto bans possession of child pornography and prescribes a jail sentence. Neighboring Nara is the only other province to deem it a crime, but it has only financial penalties. It has arrested several people for possession of child pornography, but authorities could not give a number since several were charged with other crimes. In 1999, Japan outlawed production and distribution of child pornography as well as possession with the intention to pass it on, and offenders could face fines and prison terms of up to five years. However, simple possession, without an intention to distribute, remains legal, except in Kyoto and Nara. Kyoto's new ordinance that came into force in January imposes fines for possession of child pornography and introduces a penalty of up to one year in jail for buying or downloading such material. Also, In this paper, we decided to study the regulation of simple possession by Child Pornography Control Act of Japan, which was amended in 2014.

성착취피해아동의 보호를 위한 국제사회의 대응 -일본의 아동매춘관광의 근절을 위한 여행업계의 대응을 중심으로 -

오향숙 ( Oh Hyangsuk ) 한국소년정책학회 2013 少年保護硏究 Vol.23 No.-

Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism, also referred to as “child sex tourism(CST)” affects millions of children in the world, violating their fundamental rights and dignity. Persons who travel from their own country to a foreign country to engage in a commercial sex act with a child commit CST. The crime is fueled by weak law enforcement, the Internet, ease of travel, and poverty. Tourists engaging in CST typically travel from their home countries to developing countries. In response to the growing phenomenon of CST, intergovernmental organizations, the tourism industry, and governments have begun to address the issue. World Congresses Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation convened in Stockholm and Yokohama in 1996 and 2001, drawing significant international attention to the issue. The World Tourism Organization established a task force to combat CST and promulgated a Global Code of Conduct for Tourism in 1999. Effective as of 1999, Japan's Law for Punishing Acts Related to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and for Protecting Children, makes any person "who engages in child prostitution"punishable by imprisonment.6 Article 10 specifies that this allows for the 6Prosecution of Japanese nationals who commit such acts abroad. And in 2005, the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism was drawn up in Japan. It invites travel companies to become incorporated into its ethical policy guidelines for the fight against child sex tourism. This paper focuses on the travel industry in Japan to examine the existing conditions and difficulties in implementing the Code of Conduct, and to suggest some remedies for improving its activities.

한국 성인 변형근로자의 소화성궤양 환자 관련요인

박선희,오향숙,김창환 보건의료산업학회 2012 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.6 No.2

치과질환자의 민간보험 가입이 치과 의료이용에 미치는 영향

이은희,오향숙 대구보건대학 2013 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

The effect of the private insurance subscription on the use of the dental medical services of dental patients - For ambulatory medical care user - The purpose of this sutdy was to provide basic materials for the institutional decision related to National Health Insurance and Private Insurances by identifying the effects of private insurance subscription on the use of medical services of dental patients. The subjects were 1,719 dental patients who used dental outpatient service because of dental caries and periodontal disease from May to October in 2009. The followings were found in the study. First, those who were younger, had higher education and income, were covered by National Health Insurance, had more members in the household, and performed economic activities showed higher rate of private insurance subscription. Second, when analyzing times of use as outpatient and payment according to the subscription of private insurance, there was no difference between times of use as outpatient between groups. However, in case of payment, it was found that private insurance subscribers paid twice more than non-subscribers. Third, when performing regression analysis to find out the effects of private insurance on times of use as outpatients and payment amount, it was analyzed that the subscription of private insurance did not make any effects on times of use as outpatients and payment amount. By treatment, times of use and payment amount were biggest in the order of implant, dentures and supplement, and by household imcome, it was analyzed households in the fourth quartile spent more medical expenses than those in the first quartile. Therefore, it is understood that the coverage of the insurance is not very wide because more dental treatments are non-insurance payment items unlike general treatments, although many private insurances are made with diversified coverage and private insurance do not compensate for large amount medical expense of dental patients.

보건학전공 대학생의 현장실습이 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향

남영희,이태임,오향숙 한국학교・지역보건교육학회 2017 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.18 No.1