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오종환 한국미학회 2024 美學 Vol.90 No.1
근대 미학에서 확립된 무관심성(無關心性, disinterestedness)이라는 관념은 현대까지 이어지는, 이후의 미학에서 가장 핵심적인 역할을 하여 왔다. 그리고 그것의 영향력이 큰 만큼이나, 지금까지도 많은 이론에서 그것의 옳음은 전제되고 있다. 그러나 몇몇 이론가들은 이 관념이 잘못된 것이고, 따라서 현대의 이론에 부정적인 영향력을 행사하고 있다고 불만을 토로한다. 이 글에서 필자는 먼저 근대 철학에서의 감각과 지각의 구분이 근대 미학의 창시자인 바움가르텐의 이론에 어떤 영향을 끼쳤고, 이에 대비되는 주장을 펼친 18세기 영국 취미론이 무관심성을 채택하면서 어떻게 인지적 요소를 배제하게 되었는가를 살펴볼 것이다. 필자는 미적 경험에서 인지적 요소의 배제는 우리의 미적 경험을 제대로 설명할 수 없기에, 이러한 결과가 잘못된 것임을 밝힐 것이다. 두번째로 필자는 샤프츠버리가 주장한 무관심적 관조와 욕망의 양립불가능성이 20세기 영미미학에서 무관심적 태도와 관심적 태도의 양립불가능성으로 계승되나, 이러한 구분 또한 절대적일 수 없음을 밝힐 것이다. 전통적인 미학에서는 일상적 경험과 미적 경험을 엄격하게 구분하여, 미적 경험이라는 독특한 경험의 영역이 성립할 수 있는 근거로서 무관심성을 제시한다. 그러나 필자의 주장처럼 무관심적 태도와 관심적 태도가 엄격하게 구분될 수 있는 것이 아니라면, 그 구분은 정도의 문제일 것이다. 마지막으로 필자의 관점이 옳다면, 두 가지 잘못을 수정한 이후의 무관심성이라는 관념이 현대의 미학에서 어떤 함의를 가질 수 있나를 살펴볼 것이다. The notion of disinterestedness established in modern aesthetics has played a key role in the field of aesthetics until now. As its influence has been so powerful in the history of aesthetics, its correctness has been presupposed in many theories. But some scholars contest that this notion is not correct, and that its influence on aesthetic theories is negative. In this paper I introduce the distinction between sensation and perception in modern philosophy, and explain how it played a role in Baumgarten’s theory, the founder of modern aesthetics. I also explain how the 18th British philosophy of taste adopted the notion of disinterestedness, eliminating the cognative element and differing from Baumgarten. I argue that the elimination of cognative element is wrong, because we cannot explain properly our aesthetic experience without it. Secondly, I argue that Shaftesbury’s incompatibility between disinterested contemplation and desire, which has been adopted as incompatibility between disinterested attitude and interested attitude in contemporary theories of analytic aesthetics, is not absolute. Traditional theories have strictly separated aesthetic experiences from ordinary ones on the basis of disinterestedness. I argue the two are not separated so strictly, but the distinction is a matter of degree. Finally, I consider the implications of my modified notion of disinterestedness without the two problems.
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대중 매체의 발전과 문화 및 예술의 변모 : 매체 본질주의와 문화연구의 주장에 대한 비판
오종환 한국미학회 2003 美學 Vol.36 No.-
In our times we have seen a brilliant development of mass media, especially electronic media . They have greatly influenced our life style. We have seen the development of computer and internet which is sometimes said to make virtual reality come t rue pretty soon. These mass media have been making a new environment f or culture and arts. But little attention has been paid to mass culture and/or mass arts in the academic fields of philosophy or aesthetics. The reason for this neglec t is that the value or standard of mass culture is little or low. But the mass cultu re has become so important in our contemporary lives that no one can avoid its influence, and now it is urgent to study its philosophical significance. So we need to survey precedent studies of mass culture and/or mass arts in order to constru ct a fully comprehensive philosophical theory of mass culture and/or mass arts w hich can comprise the recent and future developments in culture and arts. One o f those precedent studies can be named an essentialist approach, which asse rts that the nature of mass medium itself determines that of its content. McL uhan's famous dictum, "the medium is its message," is a paradigm example. Be njamin asserts that the technically reproducible media are the symbol and also t he cause of the era of proletariats. But their arguments are wrong, because media themselves cannot determine the nature of their content. Another precedent study is cultural studies, which in their early stage has mainly focused on cultura l phenomena from the perspective of anthropology. The so-called "culture v s. civilization tradition" has considered mass culture to be vulgar and shallow beca use of the mass-produced cultural commodities. Mass culture must be impro ved, through education of people, toward high culture. The English tradition of cul tural studies up to 1960s can be seen as the process of overcoming this prejudic e, and since 1970s it has been greatly influenced by the French post-structu ralism. According to post-structuralism, the subjectivity of individual is denied and the positive activity of individual is only apparent, since it is construct ed by the political and social structure in which the individual is located. We are d eceived by false belief, to contribute to the capitalist ideology in our society a ccording to Marxism which is a main factor of post-structuralism. Therefore, mass culture and mass arts are only the passive means for the active political ends. But these theses cannot explain the cultural phenomena that go against the dominant ideology in a society. The notion of hegemony is a better candidate that c an explain such phenomena. We can now accept again the positive role of each in dividual and the autonomous developments of cultural phenomena. We can reach th e conclusion that the post-structuralism and Marxism have tried to explain cultu ral phenomena from their political viewpoint. But this viewpoint cannot fully explain the many facets of culture and/or arts. To explain the mass arts, we must appea l to some factors of characteristics of traditional arts, for if there are no suc h connections between them, we cannot even classify some mass cultural phenomen a as mass arts. But we must also concede that cultural studies can provide s ome insight against the traditional notions of aesthetics, which makes the arts separate from our actual lives. So the desirable theory of mass arts must be a com bination of some parts of traditional aesthetics and some fruitful outcomes of cultural studies.
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오종환,오영환 한국통신학회 1994 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.19 No.8
In this paper, Weibull distribution is applied to the lifetme distribution of a device. The method of Bayesian estimate used to estimate requiring parameter in order to predict lifetime of device using accelerated lifetime test data, namely failure time of device. The method of Bayesian estimate needs prior information in order to estimate parameter. But this paper proposed the method of parameter estimate without prior information. As stress is temperature, Arrhenius model is applied and the method of linear estimate is applied to predict lifetime of device at the state of normal operation. 본 논문은 일반적으로 채택하고 있는 소자(device)의 수명분포인 와이블(Weibull) 분포를 적용하여 소자의 가속(accelerated) 수명 테스트에서 얻은 데이터, 즉 소자의 고정 시간을 이용하여 소자의 수명을 예측(prediction)하는데 필요한 보수(parameter)들을 추정 하는데 베이지안(Bayesian) 추정법을 이용하였다. 베이지안 추정법에서 모수를 추정하기 위해서는 사전정보가 있어야 하는데 본 논문에서는 사전정보 없이 현재의 정보만을 이용하여 모수를 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 스트레스가 온도인 경우, Arrhenius 모델을 적용하여 소자의 정상동작 상태에서의 수명을 예측 하는데 선형 추정을 하였다.
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초박막구조 단결정성장을 위한 수직형 LPE장치의 제작과 성능개선에 관한 연구
오종환,홍창희 한국항해항만학회 1995 한국항해학회지 Vol.19 No.4
In this study, a vertical type LPE system has been developed for III-V semiconductor compounds single crystal growth. On the basis of the experience & basic study using this system, the system modification has been carried out for a ultra thin multi-layer single crystal. The temperature fluctuation was within ${\pm}0.006^{\circ}C$ at $800^{\circ}C$, temperature uniformity for graphite boat around was within ${\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$ at $650^{\circ}C$, and cooling rate was controllable from $2.2^{\circ}C$/min to $0.05^{\circ}C$/min. As a result it is considered to satisfy the condition to grow a ultra thin layer single crystal of III-V semiconductor compounds.
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