참여관찰에 의한 세계유산 수원화성의 쓰레기 관리방안 탐색

오순환 ( Soon Hwan Oh ) 대한관광경영학회 2013 觀光硏究 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 세계유산의 의의와 관광가치, 보존과 관리 등에 관해 이론적으로 고찰한 후, 세계유산의 하나인 수원화성을 대상으로 실제 어떻게 관광자원으로 활용되고 있는지, 그리고 그 활용과정에서 방문객에 의한 쓰레기 투기 및 흡연과 같은 문화재 오염 또는 훼손행위가 어떻게 발생하는지 살펴보고, 그에 대한 관계기관의 관리실태를 점검한 후 효율적인 정책대안을 탐색해 보았다. 구체적으로 참여관찰을 통해 세계유산 수원화성에서 관광객에 의해 투기되는 쓰레기의 유형과 빈도를 관찰하였는데, 조사결과 과자나 아이스크림 등의 포장재가 가장 많은 빈도수를 기록하였다. 그리고 장소 별로는 화성열차의 시발점인 연무대 주변이 가장 쓰레기가 많았으며 흡연자도 제일 많았다. 그럼에도 불구하고 쓰레기 수거작업은 하루 2차례만 이루어졌다. 뿐만 아니라 수원화성의 관리요원들이 관광객들의 쓰레기투기행위 및 흡연행위를 아무도 제지하지 않았는바, 이는 ‘방문객=소비자=왕’이라는 그릇된 인식에 기인한 것으로 보였다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 본고에서는 깨진 유리창이론의 적용, 상징적인 단속과 규제, 자성예언의 활용, 교육을 통한 반달리즘 제거, 관광경찰의 예방적 순찰 등의 관리방안을 제시하였다. Suwon Hwaseong was designated as a World Heritage by Unesco in 1997. Seojangdae was destroyed by an arsonist in 2006. The fire was due to the negligence of the official, however there was no significant change. This study was conducted to find what kind of rubbish was littered and how many visitors dumped garbage. The product packaging was the most common waste. In spite of these problems, only two official cleaners clean up rubbish two times a day. The officials don`t attempt to prevent littering and smoking. These means that the official completely has a awareness about ``Visitor=Customer=King``. By Broken Window Theory, the Hwaseong Fortress official needs to hire cleaners and regulate littering behavior and smoking. The official leads the visitors to keep clean the Hwaseong Fortress with self-fulling prophecy.

패혈증 증후군환자에서 성인성 호흡곤란 증후군 발생의 예측 지표서의 혈중 Tumor Necrosis Factor-$\alpha$와 Interleukin-$1{\beta}$에 관한 연구

고윤석,장윤혜,김우성,이재담,오순환,김원동,Koh, Youn-Suck,Jang, Yun-Hae,Kim, Woo-Sung,Lee, Jae-Dam,Oh, Soon-Hwan,Kim, Won-Dong 대한결핵및호흡기학회 1994 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.41 No.5

연구배경: ARDS발생 기전에 있어 TNF-$\alpha$나 IL-$1{\beta}$의 역할은 이들이 폐혈관 내피세포에 작용하여 모세혈관의 투과성을 증가시키는 것으로 추정되나 ARDS환자 발생 예측 지표로서의 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL-$1{\beta}$의 임상적 유용성에 대한 지금까지의 연구결과는 부정적이다. 이는 기존연구들이 다양한 질환들을 대상으로 함으로써 ARDS 발생기전의 다양성이 ARDS환자 발생 예측지표로서의 TNF-$\alpha$의 유용성을 부정적으로 나타나게하였을 가능성을 배제할 수 없다. 이에 저자들은 ARDS 발생이 내독소와 cytokines등에 의한 작용인 것으로 알려지고 있는 패혈증 증후군 환자들을 대상으로 TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-$1{\beta}$의 ARDS 발생의 예측 표지자로서 임상적 효용성을 검토하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 패혈증 증후군환자들을 대상으로 ARDS발생군(이하 ARDS군, 16명)과 호흡부전 상태에서 ARDS로는 진행하지않은 급성호흡 부전군(Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure group, 이하 AHRF군, 20명)으로 분류하여 등록시, 24시간 및 72시간후에 채혈하여 ARDS군은 ARDS 발생시에, AHRF군은 동맥혈 산소분압에 대한 폐포 산소분압의 비가 가장 낮은 시점의 TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-$1{\beta}$의 농도를 비교하였다. 또한 ARDS 및 AHRF군에서 쇽 발생군과 비발생군으로 분류하고 쇽 발생시에 측정된 TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-$1{\beta}$를 비발생군의 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL-$1{\beta}$의 값과 비교하였다. 대조군은 건강 대조군으로서 1회만 채혈하였다. 결과: 1) 혈중 TNF-$\alpha$의 농도: 본 연구에 사용한 Predicta kit의 TNF-$\alpha$ 농도 측정의 민감도는 평균${\pm}2$표준편차의 하한값이 10pg/mL이며, 특이도는 100%로, ARDS군 16명중 8명이, AHRF군 20명중 12명이 10pg/mL 이상으로 측정되어 두 군사이에서 혈중 TNF-$\alpha$가 10pg/mL 이상 발현된 비율의 차이는 없었다. ARDS 및 AHRF군의 혈중 TNF-$\alpha$의 중앙값 농도는 각각 10.26pg/mL(<10-16.99pg/mL, 사분위수범위, interquartile range), 10.82pg/mL(<10-20.38pg/mL)로서 두 군 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (Fig. 1), ARDS 발생 전후의 혈중 TNF-$\alpha$의 농도도 중앙값이 10pg/mL미만(<10-15.32)pg/mL 및 10pg/mL미만(<10-10.22)pg/mL로서 유의한 차이가 없었고 6명중 2명만이 ARDS 발생 전에 비하여 TNF-$\alpha$의 값이 증가되었다. ARDS 및 AHRF군에서 패혈성 쇽이 발생한 환자들(26명)의 TNF-$\alpha$의 농도는 12.53(<10-20.82)pg/mL로서 비발생군(10명) <10pg/mL에 비해 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.01)(Fig. 2), 전체 생존군(<10, <10-12.92pg/mL)과 사망군(11.80, <10-20.8pg/mL)사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.28). 2) 혈중 IL-$1{\beta}$의 농도: 본 연구에 사용한 Quantikine kit의 최저 측정치는 0.3ng/mL로서 건강 대조군 10명중 1명을 제외한 모두에서 IL-$1{\beta}$측정치가 0.3pg/mL이하였다. ARDS 및 AHRF군의 검체 중 0.3ng/mL 이하로 측정된 경우는 ARDS, AHRF군에서 각각 1예가 있었다 ARDS 및 AHRF군의 혈중 IL-$1{\beta}$의 농도는 각각 2.22(1.37-8.01)ng/mL, 2.13(0.83-5.29)ng/mL으로서 두 군사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었으며(Fig. 3), ARDS 발생전(2.53, 0.3-8.38ng/mL)과 발생후(5.35, 0.66-11.51ng/mL)에서도 차이가 없었다. 패혈성 쇽 발생군(2.51, 1.28-8.34ng/mL)과 비발생군(1.46, 0.15-2.13ng/mL)사이에서는 통계적인 유의한 차이는 없었으나 비발생군에서 낮은 경향을 보였다(각각 P=0.44, P=0.054)(Fig. 4). 생존군과 Background: Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-$\alpha$ and Interleukin(lL)-$1{\beta}$ are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the septic syndrome, which is frequently associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). In spite of many reports for the role of TNF-$\alpha$ in the pathogenesis of ARDS, including human studies, it has been reported that TNF-$\alpha$ is not sensitive and specific marker for impending ARDS. But there is a possibility that the results were affected by the diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the ARDS because of various underlying disorders of the study group in the previous reports. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the roles of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ as a predictable marker for development of ARDS in the patients with septic syndrome, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be mainly cytokine-mediated. Methods: Thirty-six patients of the septic syndrome hospitalized in the intensive care units of the Asan Medical Center were studied. Sixteens suffered from ARDS, whereas the remaining 20 were at the risk of developing ARDS(acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, AHRF). In all patients venous blood samples were collected in heparin-coated tubes at the time of enrollment, at 24 and 72 h thereafter. TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All data are expressed as median with interquartile range. Results: 1) Plama TNF-$\alpha$ levels: Plasma TNF-$\beta$ levels were less than 10pg/mL, which is lowest detection value of the kit used in this study within the range of the $mean{\pm}2SD$, in all of the normal controls, 8 of 16 subjects of ARDS and in 8 in 20 subjects of AHRF. Plasma TNF-$\alpha$ levels from patients with ARDS were 10.26pg/mL(median; <10-16.99pg/mL, interquartile range) and not different from those of patients at AHRF(10.82, <10-20.38pg/mL). There was also no significant difference between pre-ARDS(<10, <10-15.32pg/mL) and ARDS(<10, <10-10.22pg/mL). TNF-$\alpha$ levels were significantly greater in the patients with shock than the patients without shock(12.53pg/mL vs. <10pg/mL) (p<0.01). There was no statistical significance between survivors(<10, <10-12.92pg/mL) and nonsurvivors(11.80, <10-20.8pg/mL) (P=0.28) in the plasma TNF-$\alpha$ levels. 2) Plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ levels: Plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ levels were less than 0.3ng/mL, which is the lowest detection value of the kit used in this study, in one of each patients group. There was no significant difference in IL-$1{\beta}$ levels of the ARDS(2.22, 1.37-8.01ng/mL) and of the AHRF(2.13, 0.83-5.29ng/mL). There was also no significant difference between pre-ARDS(2.53, <0.3-8.34ngfmL) and ARDS(5.35, 0.66-11.51ng/mL), and between patients with septic shock and patients without shock (2.51, 1.28-8.34 vs 1.46, 0.15-2.13ng/mL). Plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ levels were significantly different between survivors(1.37, 0.4-2.36ng/mL) and nonsurvivors(2.84, 1.46-8.34ng/mL). Conclusion: Plasma TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ level are not a predictable marker for development of ARDS. But TNF-$\alpha$ is a marker for shock in septic syndrome. These result could not exclude a possibility of pathophysiologic roles of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in acute lung injury because these cytokine could be locally produced and exert its effects within the lungs.

산촌생태마을 기본계획수립에 대한 비판적 고찰

박석희(Suk-Hee Park),오순환(Soon-Hwan Oh) 한국농어촌관광학회 2009 농어촌관광연구 Vol.16 No.3

The line of policy of rural development was changed to support village not farm since 2001. A number of village are on the process of developing for rural tourism in Korea. There are too many development plans for these. The reasonable plans are necessary for the success of this policy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the basic development plans on the point of reasonableness of the local planning. For this 9 plans of Mountainy Eco-Village were collected and the table of contents and the contents were analyzed. Main findings are as follows: the planning was done on the general frame, but the survey might be poor and the discussion on the process of planning might be insufficiency. The embossing of the distinction of this project and the villages is lack and the vision is confused with objects. There are also many problems on the analyzing the natural and cultural environment, on the local planning process, and on the creation for the eco-tourists’ destinations.

조립식 CFT 거더 교량의 시공사례

정일동(Jeong, Il Dong),이순환(Lee, Soon Hwan),김인규(Kim, In Gyu),오현철(Oh, Hyun chul),마향욱(Ma, Hyang Wook) 한국콘크리트학회 2015 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

대한민국 육군훈련소의 상기도 호흡기 감염증 유행 차단을 위한 환경 및 매개물 소독 연구: 집단 무작위 대조 시험

오홍상 ( Hong Sang Oh ),고재훈 ( Jae-hoon Ko ),조동호 ( Dong Ho Jo ),박규은 ( Qu-eun Park ),권순환 ( Soon-hwan Kwon ),장해봉 ( Haebong Jang ) 국군의무사령부 2022 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.53 No.1

Objective: Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) is an emerging pathogen causing outbreak of pneumonia in Korean military since 2014. Since the vaccines are developed yet, nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) including environmental disinfection may play a key role in controlling the outbreak. To evaluate effect of environmental disinfection, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in the Korea Army Training Center. Method: The study population included 60 companies of five regiments. The companies are divided into environmental disinfection company (intervention arm) and control company (control arm). The environmental disinfection company performed disinfection of environmental surfaces using 70% alcohol-based disinfectant and 2,000ppm sodium hypochlorite. The disinfection procedures were performed at the beginning and end of training. The control companies maintained routine hygiene procedures. For primary outcome, the number of patients with fever or acute upper respiratory infection per week is evaluated. Results: Study period included March 11, 2019 to June 9, 2019 and pre-intervention period included January 7, 2019 to April 14, 2019. The average numbers of weekly patient visit were 42.51 ± 9.21 persons in the intervention arm and 45.12 ± 9.38 persons (P-value = 0.281) in the control arm. Compared to the pre-intervention period, the average numbers of weekly patient visit during the intervention period were weakly decreased without statistical significance [2.1 ± 10.4 persons in the intervention arm and 7.45 ± 13.28 persons in the pre-intervention (P-value = 0.091)]. Conclusion: Although there is no statistical significance, fever or acute upper respiratory infections was reduced by intervention (environmental disinfection). Further defined controlled investigations for the effect of NPIs in controlling outbreaks of acute upper respiratory tract infection including HAdV-55 is needed.

패혈증 증후군환자에서 성인성 호흡곤란 증후군 발생의 예측 지표서의 혈중 Tumor Necrosis Factor-α와 Interleukin-1β에 관한 연구

고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),장윤혜 ( Yun Hae Jang ),김우성 ( Woo Sung Kim ),이재담 ( Jae Dam Lee ),오순환 ( Soon Hwan Oh ),김원동 ( Won Dong Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1994 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.41 No.5

腦機能障碍 患者에서의 再活治療效果에 關한 硏究 : PULSES Profile과 Barthel index에 의한 測定 Measurement by PULSES Profile and the Barthel Index

丁順煥,吳貞姬 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.1

It is important that there be easily replicated measures for demonstration the efficiency and effectiveness of services provided, as well as for transmitting information on patient functional status when transferring services responsibilities from one agency or facility to another. The authors used the PULSES profile and the Barthel index to measure severity of disability and to monitor rehabilitation progress over a span of time, for 87 brain dysfunction patients ranging from 18-25 years old(mean age:56.3yrs). The PULSES and Barthel scores were measured by medical records on Admission, Discharge, and by observation and interview on follow up. The results were as follows: 1. Rehabilitation programs were valuable to improve the functional level of patients. 2. The authors could easily evaluate patients functional status using the PULSES Profile and the Barthel Index. 3. The prognosis of patients was good below 16 in PULSES score, especially better below 12. 4. The prognosis of patients was good above 40 in Barthel score, especially better above 60.

악성종양에 의한 속발성 식도이완불능증 3예

오순환,박효진,이귀순,이상인,김충배,한재호,박인서 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

建康한 韓國人 外側大근皮神經 傳導速度에 關한 硏究

丁順煥,吳貞姬 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

健康한 韓國人의 外側大腿皮神經 傳導速度에 關한 硏究

丁順煥,吳貞姬 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

It is generally accepted that the nerve conduction study is a valuable method in evaluation of peripheral neuropathy including entrapment syndrome. Meralgia paresthetica is a clinical benign entrapment neuropathy of the lateral removal cutaneous nerve of the thigh. It often occurs in association with obesity, pregnancy or diabetes, and may appear as a result of trauma to the pelvic bones or scanning in the lateral inguinal region. The diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms. This study is to establish the normal values of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve conduction velocity including latency, amplitude and duration of the evoked potential for the objective diagnostic aid. In this study. 120 nerves were measured bilaterally in 60 healthy subjects, 39 males and 21 females, ranging in age from 16 to ?? years of age. Nerve was stimulated at 1㎝ medial to the anterion superior. iliac spine by needle electrode and the action potential was recorded with surface electrodes 12 cm below the stimulating point: with antidromic method. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The mean conduction velocity of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 47.96±4.81. M/sec. 2. The mean value of the latency to the peak of negative phase is 2.53±0.25msec. 3. The amplitude of the action potential is 11.27±4.23uV. 4. The mean value of the duration of the action potential is 1.09±0.39 msec. 5. Nostatistical variation is noted with advancing age in conduction velocity, latency, amplitude and duration of the evoked potential. 6. There are no significant differences related to sex and the side of the extremities examined.