The role of cytokines in seizures: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-8, and IL-10

연영아,성인경,이인구 대한소아청소년과학회 2013 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.56 No.7

Brain insults, including neurotrauma, infection, and perinatal injuries such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,generate inflammation in the brain. These inflammatory cascades induce a wide spectrum of cytokines, which can cause neuron degeneration, have neurotoxic effects on brain tissue, and lead to the development of seizures, even if they are subclinical and occur at birth. Cytokines are secreted by the glial cells of the central nervous system and they function as immune system mediators. Cytokines can be proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 are proinflammatory cytokines that activate additional cytokine cascades and increase seizure susceptibility and organ damage,whereas IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-10 act as anti-inflammatory cytokines that have protective and anticonvulsant effects. Therefore, the immune system and its associated inflammatory reactions appear to play an important role in brain damage. Whether cytokine release is relevant for the processes of epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenesis, and whether epileptogenesis could be prevented by immunomodulatory treatment should be addressed in future clinical studies. Furthermore, early detection of brain damage and early intervention are essential for the prevention of disease progression and further neurological complications. Therefore, cytokines might be useful as biomarkers for earlier detection of brain damage in high-risk infants.

Flanders 언어상호작용 유형을 이용한유치원 우수 수업 분석

성지현,연영아 한국유아교육학회 2011 유아교육연구 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 경기도유치원 우수 수업대회에 최종 입상한 수업 동영상 15편을 분석함으로써 유치원 우수 수업에 나타난 교사와 유아간의 언어상호작용 특성, 교사발언에 따른 수업형태, 교사의 질문 등을 Flanders 언어상호작용 분석법을 사용하여 알아보았다. 연구결과 교사의 수업언어유형은 주로 침묵과 혼동(제0항목)과 내용전달 및 설명하기(제5항목)였다. 수업 중 교사의 발언이 유아의 발언보다 3배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 교사들은 지시적인 발언을 많이 사용하였다. 수업 중 질문시간이 평균 11.65%이며, 질문의 내용은 수업운영을 위한 질문 (34.52%)과 수렴적 질문(41.57%)으로 이루어졌다. 질문 후 교사들은 유아 반응을 위해 평균 0.1초 대기를 하였다. 본 연구 결과는 유치원 교사의 수업개선을 위한 기초자료 및 현직교사 교육과정을 구성하는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Using the Flanders Verbal Interaction Analysis Category system as guidelines, 15 Gyeonggi-do kindergarten classes awarded the Gyeonggi-do Kindergarten Excellent Class title were analyzed for the present study. This study examines the characteristics of verbal interaction between teacher and children, the types of instruction used as a result of the verbal interaction, and the types of teachers' questions posed in those winning classrooms of the Excellent Kindergarten Class competition. This study finds that teachers' silence or confusion (category 0) and content delivery or explanation (category 5) were the most frequent patterns of teachers' verbal instructional talk. During instruction, teachers talked over three times as much as the children did and teachers used more directive talk than the children. The proportion of questioning was about 11.65% of the total verbal interaction and content questioning comprised questions for stimulating children's opportunity to actively participate in class activity (34.52%). The pattern of questioning centered on convergent questioning (41.57%). Teacher wait time after questions to children averaged 1 second. It is expected that the findings of this study will be useful in improving instruction in kindergarten and/or child care centers and in constructing curriculum for pre-service teachers.

Draft genome sequence of lytic bacteriophage CF1 infecting Citrobacter freundii isolates

김영주,고세영,연영은,임재원,한범구,김현일,안정근,김동혁,Kim, Youngju,Ko, Seyoung,Yeon, Young Eun,Lim, Jaewon,Han, Beom Ku,Kim, Hyunil,Ahn, Jeong Keun,Kim, Donghyuk The Microbiological Society of Korea 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.1

본 연구에서는 돼지 축사 근처 하수 오물에서 분리된 그람 음성균이자 항생제 내성을 쉽게 획득하여 병원성을 띄는 균주인 Citrobacter freundii를 host로 하는 박테리오파지의 유전체 분석을 수행하였다. 본 박테리오파지는 G + C 비율이 42.65%이며, 50,339 bp로 구성된 유전체 DNA를 지니고 있었다. 이러한 유전체 DNA에서 89개의 단백질 코딩 유전자가 확인 되었으며, 이 중 55개의 유전자는 BLASTP 분석으로부터 기능을 가지고 있다고 추정되었다. 또한 RNA는 확인되지 않았다. Citrobacter freundii is a facultative anaerobic and a Gram-negative bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, and is an opportunistic pathogen. Bacteriophages infecting C. freundii can be an effective treatment for C. freundii infections. Here, the complete genomic sequence is announced for a lytic bacteriophage CF1 infecting C. freundii isolates.

Draft genome sequence of lytic bacteriophage CP3 infecting anaerobic bacterial pathogen Clostridium perfringens

김영주,고세영,연영은,한범구,김현일,오창식,김동혁,Kim, Youngju,Ko, Seyoung,Yeon, Young Eun,Le, Hoa Thi,Han, Beom Ku,Kim, Hyunil,Oh, Chang-Sik,Kim, Donghyuk The Microbiological Society of Korea 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Clostridium perfringens는 그람 양성, 막대 모양, 혐기성, 포자 형성을 하는 병원균으로서 Clostridiaceae과에 속한다. C. perfringens는 인간의 장관과 척추동물 내에서 식중독을 포함하는 질병을 유발한다. 높은 특이성으로 목표 세균을 죽이는 박테리오파지는 병원세균을 제어하는 방법들 중 하나로 여겨져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 C. perfringens를 감염시킬 수 있는 박테리오 파지 CP3의 유전체 염기서열 초안을 보고한다. 본 박테리오파지의 G + C 비율은 34.0%이며, 52,068 bp로 구성된 유전체 DNA를 지니고 있었다. 이 유전체는 74개의 단백질 유전자를 포함하고 있었으며, RNA는 확인되지 않았다. Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium, which belongs to the Clostridiaceae family. C. perfringens causes diseases including food poisoning in vertebrates and intestinal tract of humans. Bacteriophages that can kill target bacteria specifically have been considered as one of control methods for bacterial pathogens. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of the bacteriophage CP3 effective to C. perfringens. The phage genome comprises 52,068 bp with a G + C content of 34.0%. The draft genome has 74 protein-coding genes, 29 of which have predicted functions from BLASTp analysis. Others are conserved proteins with unknown functions. No RNAs were found in the genome.

Draft genome sequence of lytic bacteriophage KP1 infecting bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae

김영주,방인아,연영은,박준영,한범구,김현일,김동혁,Kim, Youngju,Bang, Ina,Yeon, Young Eun,Park, Joon Young,Han, Beom Ku,Kim, Hyunil,Kim, Donghyuk The Microbiological Society of Korea 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, rod-shape bacterium causing disease in human and animal lungs. K. pneumoniae has been often found to gain antimicrobial resistance, thus it has been difficult to treat K. pneumoniae infection with antibiotics. For such infection, bacteriophage can provide an alternative approach for pathogenic bacterial infection with antimicrobial resistance, because of its sensitivity and specificity to the host bacteria. Bacteriophage KP1 was isolated in sewage and showed specific infectivity to K. pneumoniae. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage KP1. The draft genome of KP1 is 167,989 bp long, and the G + C content is 39.6%. The genome has 295 predicted ORFs and 14 tRNA genes. In addition, it encodes various enzymes which involve in lysis of the host cell such as lysozyme and holin. Klebsiella pneumoniae는 그람 음성균에 속하고 막대 형태를 가지며 인간이나 동물의 폐에 감염하여 병을 일으키는 균이다. K. pneumoniae는 흔히 항생제 내성을 나타내는데 이로 인해 항생제를 통한 치료가 어려워지게 된다. 이런 상황에서 숙주 균에 특이적이고 민감하게 반응하는 박테리오파지는 항생제 내성균의 치료에 대한 대체적인 접근법으로 제안될 수 있다. 박테리오파지 KP1은 하수처리장에서 분리되었으며 K. pneumoniae에 대해 특정적인 감염성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Klebsiella pneumoniae 박테리오파지 KP1의 유전체 초안 분석을 수행하였다. KP1의 유전체 초안은 167,989 bp의 길이, 39.6%의 G + C 비율로 구성되어있다. 295개의 예측된 ORF들과 14개의 tRNA 유전자를 가지고 있다. 또한 이들은 lysozyme, 그리고 holin과 같은 다양한 세포 용해 관련 효소들을 포함하고 있다.

Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage CF1 Infecting the Multi-drug Resistant Bacterium Citrobacter freundii

Kim Youngju,Ko Seyoung,연영은,김현일,오창식,안정근,김동혁 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.3

Citrobacter freundii is a facultative anaerobic and Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Citrobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that are commonly found in water, soil, food, animals, or intestines in humans and warm-blooded animals and are a major concern for antibiotic resistance, especially C. freundii that exists in the farms, medical environment, and is difficult to eradicate. In this study, genomic and phenotypic characterization of a newly isolated bacteriophage CF1 capable of specifically infecting C. freundii is presented. The bacteriophage CF1 was isolated from sewage water sample near a livestock farm. The bacteriophage was morphologically and microbiologically characterized including one stage growth curve, and host range, on top of which the genome sequence of bacteriophage CF1 was determined. Microbiological characterization demonstrated that bacteriophage CF1 is stable in a range of pH4-9, and at the temperature below 70°C for 60 min. Genomic analysis revealed that bacteriophage CF1 is a new one with a double-stranded DNA of 50,339 bp, GC content of 42.65% that encodes 89 predicted open reading frames. Comparative analysis showed that bacteriophage CF1 is similar to C. freundii bacteriophage Stevie. Thus, this study provides genomic and phenotypic characteristics of a newly isolated bacteriophage, which can serve as a knowledge-base to use bacteriophage CF1 in the treatment of pathogenic C. freundii particularly with antimicrobial resistance in livestock industry.

非스테로이드性抗炎症劑의 倂用

延永 正 藥業新聞社 1982 (月刊) 醫藥情報 Vol.1982 No.5

83년도 상반기 영화에 대한 분석

김영남 한양대학교 문과대학 학술지 편집위원회 1983 인문연구 Vol.- No.2