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양일권 대한영상의학회 1983 대한영상의학회지 Vol.19 No.1
It is essential to estimate the liver size in the diagnosis of liver disease. Many approaches have been attempted in the evaluation of liver size such as measurement of length, area and volume. Among these, are and volume measurements are accurate but complicated. So various linear measurements including Pfahler's method have been commonly used. But to our knowledge, there was no report about linear diameter of liver in Korean adults. As in general, larger patients are likely to have larger liver than smaller ones. it seems to be more ideal to evaluate the liver size using relative ratio rather than absolute linear diameters. The main objectives of our investigation were to determine the various diameters of normal and enlarged liver and the criteria of hepatomegaly in Korean adults using absolute and relative ments. Our cases consisted of 95 clinically normal subjects and 51 patients suffering from liver idsease and diagnosed to have hepatomegaly on abdominal palpation and simple abdomen in the Dept. of Radiology, St. Mary Hospital during the period of 6 months since Jan. 1981. We measured the liver size using 3 liner diameters (Fig. 1). And as the refernce masurement, the distance from the right margin of the liver to the left margin of spleen was also measured. We called this "abdominal transverse diameter" (ATD). The results were as follows : 1. The diameters of liver were 13.4$\pm$1.6cm, 18.4$\pm$2.4cm, 19.2$\pm$2.6cm in normal group and 18.8$\pm$3.1cm, 23.5$\pm$3.0cm, 24.2$\pm$3.2cm in hepatomegaly group using midline vertical diamter (MEVD), maxim vertical diameter (MAVD) and diagonal diameter (DD), respectively. The difference between two groups were statistically very significant in every method (p < 0.01) 2. The 99% tolerance limits of liver diameters were 13.0$\pm$13.8cm, 17.8$\pm$19.0cm, 18.5$\pm$19.9cm in normal group and 17.7$\pm$19.9cm, 22.4$\pm$ 24.6cm, 23.1$\pm$25.3cm in hepatomegaly group using MIVD, MAVD and DD, respectively. The midpoints between the upper limit of normal group and the lower limit of of gepatomegaly group were 15.7cm, 20.7cm, 21.5cm in the case of MIVD, MAVD and DD, respectively. These points are warranted to suggest criterias of hepatomegaly. 3. There were statistical significant difference in the ratio of each diameter to ATD between normal and hepatomegaly group (p < 0.01). We called this "hepato-abdominal ratio". The "hepato-abdominal ratio" were 0.44$\pm$0.05, 0.61$\pm$0.07, 0.64$\pm$0.08 in normal group and 0.61 $\pm$0.10, 0.76$\pm$0.08, 0.78$\pm$0.09 in hepatomegaly group using MIVD, MAVD and DD, respectively. 4. The 99% tolerance limits of "hepato-abdominal ratio" were 0.43-0.45, 0.59-0.63, 0.62-0.64 in normal group and 0.60-0.62, 0.75-0.77, 0.77-0.79 in hepatomegaly group using MIVD, MAVD and DD, respectively. The midpoints between the upper limit of normal group and the lower limit of hepatomegaly group were 0.52, 0.69, 0.70 using MIVD, MAVD and DD, respectively. These points are also warranted to suggest criterias of hepatomegaly. to suggest criterias of hepatomegaly.
양일권 대한영상의학회 1989 대한영상의학회지 Vol.25 No.1
thirty cases showing hard discs were collected from 206 consecutive cases of posterior disk herniation during the past one and a half years period. According to the shape of hard disc and the presence of marginal bone defect(MBD) of vertebral end plate 30 cases could be categori-zed into 4 distinct groups. They were small hard disc with focal MBD (group 1) lage hard disc with broad based MBD(group2) hard disc seperated from vertebral body without MBD (group 3) and hard disc fused with vertebral body without MBD(group 4), There were 14 patients in group1. In all but one case the hard discs and MBDs were located at the patamedial aspect of the posterior margin of the end plate. Ten(76.9%) of these had Schmorl's nodes and these were considered to represent an avulsion from the weakened bone margin as the disk herniated acutely, The posterior longitudinal ligament seemed to have prevented detachement of the bony fragment. Group 2 included 2 patients and CT findings as well as plain X-ray features were identical to a limbus vertebra. This was considered to represent passive displacement of bony fragment by the intravertebral herniation of the disk. Group 4 included 5 patients and was disclosed as a simple osteophyte. From our study it was concluded: (1) that the hard disc seen in lumbar CT scan was probably the results of the detachment of a bone fragment from the vertebral end plate which has an underlying weak area due to the herniated disc as well as a calcification or osteophyte formation and (2) specific terms (avulsed fragment limbus vertebra calcification or spur for-mation) is more preferable to use than hard disc which is inaccurate.
양일권 ( Il-kwon Yang ),최승환 ( Seung-hwan Choi ),김영준 ( Young-jun Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2012 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.19 No.1
스마트 그리스 환경이 구축되어 고객과 전력회사 간 양방향 서비스가 가능하게 되면 전력회사는 고객에게 IHD 나 ESP 를 통해 여러 전력 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 된다. 더불어 다양한 third party 서비스 업체들도 고객의 정보를 이용한 부가 가치 사업을 개발하여 서비스하게 될 텐데 이 경우 AMI 망을 통한 안전한 정보 공유를 위해 전력망에 대한 보안 정책이 필요하게 된다. 본 논 문에서는 국내 실정에 맞는 AMI 기술 개발 및 안전한 운영을 위해 AMI 보안에 관하여 기본적인 요구사항을 분석하고 보안 기능을 설계한다.
스마트 그리드 시스템을 위한 보안 고려사항 및 방식 제안
양일권(Il-Kwan Yang) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
스마트 그리드는 기존의 전력망에 IT기술을 접목하여 실시간 양방향 정보 교환 및 에너지 효율을 최적화하는 차세대 전력망으로, 그 중 AMI(Advanced Metering Infrastructure) 시스템은 소비자 내 스마트 미터를 중심으로 하는 HAN(Home Area Network), 소비자와 유틸리티 사이의 통신을 위한 SUN(Smart Utility Network) 그리고 소비자 데이터의 수집과 처리, 가공을 통한 통계 및 분석 정보를 제공하는 MDMS(Meter Data Management System)로 구성되며, 이들이 서로 유기적으로 상호작용하여 소비자와 유틸리티 사이에 양방향 정보교환을 가능하게 해준다. AMI 시스템에서는 AMR에서 수행하던 원격 검침을 확대하여 적용하게 되며 이 경우 TOU(Time of Use), RTP(Real Time Pricing)과 같은 다양한 요금정책 적용이 가능해질 뿐만 아니라 DR(Demand Response)와 같은 수요관리 및 에너지소비 효율정책을 수행하게 된다. 하지만 이 경우 계량기에서 wnddkdtjqjRK지 자동화, 무인화된 원격검침 시스템을 사용하게 될 경우 사이버 공격과 해킹에 대해 취약성을 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 AMI시스템의 보안 위협을 예방하기 위해 국내외 보안현황을 살펴보고, 데이터 기밀성, 데이터 무결성, 가용성, 프라이버시 보호, 상호 인증 등의 보안 요구사항을 분석하여 AMI시스템에 적용 방안을 검토하고자 한다.