반도체 레이저 측면 여기 Nd:YAG 매질에서의 열영향

양동옥,김병태 한국광학회 2003 한국광학회지 Vol.14 No.1

반도체 레이저 측면 여기시 Nd:YAG 레이저 매질에서 발생하는 열영향에 대해 분석하였다. 열영향을 고감도로 측정하기 위해 편광자와 Nd:YAG 매질 사이에 λ/4판을 삽입하여 여기 파워에 따라 발생하는 depolarization양을 측정하였다. CCD로 는 열영향에 의한 매질 내에서의 탐침광 분포 변화를 측정하고 해석하여 반도체 레이저 측면 여기시 발생하는 열영향을 최소화하기 위한 공진기 설계의 효과적인 방법을 제시하였다. This paper describes the thermal effect at Nd:YAG using a laser-diode side-pumping. To detect the depolarization loss and the retardation caused by the thermal effect, a λ/4 plate is inserted between the polarizer and the Nd:YAG laser material. Using a CCD has allowed detection of the variation of the beam pattern that could analyze the change of the refractive index of the Nd:YAG laser material by the thermal effect. Through the change of the probe beam power, we know that 21% of the pumping power was converted into heat in the material. The depolarization loss was 24.7% under a temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ of the laser material and a pumping power of 15 W. The inhomogeneous distribution showed that the retardation angle was 7$^{\circ}$ in the center of the material and 19$^{\circ}$ on the edge of it. It is confirmed that the thermal effect is analyzed at the each point of the laser material and it suggests an effective method to reduce the thermal effect on the LD side-pumped laser material.

성적 자극에 대한 노출이 공격행동경향성에 미치는영향

양동옥,윤가현 한국사회조사연구소 2007 사회연구 Vol.8 No.2

이 연구는 성적 자극과 공격 행동 경향성간의 관련성을 확인하는 실험이었다. 이를 위해 포르노 동영상이 성적 자극으로 이용되었으며, 공격 행동 경향성은 다트 던지기 과제를 통해 측정되었다. 남녀 대학생 112명을 무선적으로 실험 집단(포르노 자극)이나 비교 집단(중립 자극)에 할당시킨 후 자극 노출에 따른 공격 행동 경향성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 남녀 모두 중립 자극보다도 포르노 자극에 노출될 경우 공격 행동 경향성이 더 증가하였다. 또한 공격 행동 경향성에서 성차를 보였는데, 포르노 자극에 노출될 경우 공격 행동의 목표물로 남성은 여성보다 여자의 얼굴 사진을 더 많이 선택한 반면, 여성은 남성보다 남자의 얼굴 사진을 더 많이 선택하였다. The purpose of this study was to confirm that exposure to sexual stimuli might act as an influence on laboratory aggressive behavioral tendency. A pornography video excerpt was utilized as sexual stimulus, and aggressive behavioral tendency was assessed through the dart throwing task. Participants were 112 college students(56 men & 56 women), and randomly assigned into either experimental group(sexual stimulus) and comparative group(neutral stimulus). Both genders showed higher aggressive behavioral tendency after exposing to the pornography stimulus than to the neutral stimulus. For the male participants, they selected more faces of female targets than those of male targets in the sexual stimulus condition while there were no differences between male and female faces chosen as targets for the neutral condition. For the female participants, they selected more faces of male targets than those of female targets in the sexual stimulus condition while there were no differences between male and female faces chosen as targets in the neutral condition.

성행동 상황에서 여성의 거절 이유 평가의 성차

양동옥 한국여성심리학회 2015 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.20 No.2

There is a common belief that women's refusal in sexual behavior situations is not a true one. In this respect, this study aims to identify why women refuse to accept men's proposal to sexual interaction in sexual behavior situations and whether there is a difference in evaluated reason why women refuse such a proposal between men and women. Sexual behavior scenarios were presented to 152 male and female college students and asked to describe the reason why women refused as freely as they wanted. Based on this, questionable items on why women refused were organized and then sexual behavior situational scenarios were presented to 536 male and female college students and asked to evaluate the importance of the reason of women's refusal. As a result of factor analysis, the reason why women refused men's proposal could be classified into six sub-factors: ‘sense of chastity,’ ‘gender role norm,’ ‘manipulation,’ ‘relational changes,’ ‘lack of communion,’ and ‘practical issues.’ Female participants evaluated that the woman in a scenario refused man's sexual proposal for ‘sense of chastity,’ ‘relational changes,’ and ‘practical issue’ reasons more than male participants. On the other hand, male participants evaluated that the woman in the scenario refused man's sexual proposal for ‘gender role norm’ and ‘manipulation’ reasons more than female participants. Such a result was discussed with difference in sexual communication between men and women.

참가자의 성별, 피해 여성의 옷차림 종류와 음주량 수준에 따른 성폭력 책임 귀인의 차이

양동옥,국혜윤,백현경,윤가현 한국여성심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.17 No.3

This study was to examine how perpetrators and victims in sexual violence were blamed according to participants’ gender, victim’s clothing style, and levles of alcohol consumption. In Study 1, the extent of provocativeness for the clothing styles, the intoxication level by drinking alcohol, and the applicability of nonstranger rape scenarios were validated through asking the participants (41 men & 47 women) to evaluate them. In Study 2, the other participants (479 men & 465 women) were randomly assigned into one of four clothing styles and one of four drinking levels to investigate the attributions of blame and responsibility about sexual violence. Participants’ age and rape myth, hostile sexism were controlled as covariates in analyzing data. The general findings were that men blamed the perpetrator more than women, while women blamed the victim more than men. In addition, both men and women tended to blame the victim more severely when the victim drank more and put on more provocative clothes. The findings suggest that men and women would stick to the sexual double standard.

성행동 상황에서 여성의 거절 평가에 주변 단서가 미치는 영향 : 이성교제를 중심으로

양동옥 한국청소년학회 2016 청소년학연구 Vol.23 No.8

This study aims to understand the tendency of evaluating woman's refusal in sexual behavior situations. This study presented a scenario that when a man with whom a woman is in a dating relationship suggests having sex, the woman refuses, to 449 male and female college students evaluate the truthfulness of woman's refusal, man's possibility to persuade a woman to have sex, and the possibility for the twos to have sex finally. Here, this study examined how evaluations were different depending on participant's gender, sexual intimacy level within dating relationship, and five reasons why a woman refused to have sex. It was found that male participants rated the truthfulness of woman's refusal lower than female participants. When a woman refused to have sex due to lack of belief in a man, male participants rated the truthfulness of woman's refusal higher when the twos did not have sex yet. On the other hand, when a woman refused to have sex for fear that she would be seen as a easy woman, male participants rated the truthfulness of woman's refusal lower when they already had sex. Next, man's possibility to persuade a woman to have sex despite women's refusal appeared rather high regardless of participant's gender, sexual intimacy level, and five reasons why a woman refused to have sex. Finally, possibility for the twos to have sex finally was rated higher by men rather than by women and in particular, such a tendency was clear when a woman refused to have sex for fear that she would be seen as a easy woman. These results were discussed in terms of difference in sexual communication between man and woman and risk of date rape. 본 연구에서는 성행동 상황에서 여성의 거절을 어떻게 평가하는지 살펴보았다. 남성의 성관계 제안에 여성이 거절하는 시나리오를 대학생 449명에게 제시하여 거절의 진실성, 성관계 설득 가능성, 그리고 성관계할 가능성을 평가하도록 하였다. 이때 이성교제 내 성관계 여부와 거절 이유를 단서로 제시하고 참가자의 성별에 따라서 그 평가가 달라지는지 검토하였다. 그 결과, 남성이 여성 참가자보다 거절의 진실성을 낮게 평가하였으며 참가자는 시나리오 속 남녀가 성관계하지 않은 사이보다 성관계한 사이일 때 거절의 진실성을 낮게 평가하였다. 또 참가자는 성관계하지 않은 사이에서 상대에 대한 믿음 부족의 이유로 거절할 때 그 진실성을 높게 평가하였지만, 성관계한 사이에서 쉬운 상대로 보일까 두려워 거절할 경우 진실성이 낮다고 평가하였다. 다음으로, 남성의 성관계 설득 가능성은 주변 단서와 관계없이 남녀 참가자 모두 다소 높게 평가하였다. 마지막으로, 두 사람이 결국 성관계할 가능성은 남성이 여성 참가자보다 높게 평가하였는데, 쉬운 상대로 보일까 두렵다는 거절 이유에서 그 경향이 뚜렷했다. 반면에 참가자는 성관계하지 않은 사이에서 상대에 대한 믿음 부족으로 거절할 때 성관계할 가능성을 낮게 평가하였다. 이러한 결과는 성적 의사소통의 성차와 데이트 성폭력 위험성 측면에서 논의하였다.

성관계 제안을 거절당한 사람의 행동 양상과 설득에 의한 성관계 동의 수준 평가의 성차: 연인 관계를 중심으로

양동옥 한국여성심리학회 2019 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.24 No.2

his study examined sexual communication in romantic relationship focusing on the patterns of behavior of those whose sexual advances have been rejected. Study 1 investigated the behavior patterns of those who were rejected when making sexual advances by using a romantic relationship scenario. Study 2 explored how participants predicted the behavior patterns of those who were rejected depending on the gender of the rejectee. We also analyzed how participants evaluated the level of consent to sexual relations depending on the viewpoint of those who made the sexual advance or those who compliance, when the sexual relations by persuasion. The behavior patterns of those who were rejected were classified into five factors including ‘showing discomfort and manipulation’, ‘concern about changes in relationship’, ‘approach and persuasion’, ‘respect and acceptance’, and ‘consideration of feeling.’ In condition where the man was rejected, male participants were most likely to do ‘respect and acceptance’ behavior, whereas female participants were most likely to do ‘approach and persuasion’ behavior. In condition where the woman was rejected, both male and female participants were likely to do ‘respect and acceptance’ behavior. In condition where man had a sexual relation with women through persuasion, female participants rated the perceived women's level of consent who complied with the sexual relations lower than male participants. They also rated the men's perceived women's level of consent higher than male participants. In condition where woman had a sexual relation with men through persuasion, the male participants rated the perceived man's level of consent who complied with the sexual relations higher than female counterparts. Such results were discussed in sexual scripts and cognitive dissonance, and suggested of the risk of date rape.

폐경 전 여성의 성기능장애의 유병률과 관련 요인: 지역사회 연구

양동옥,박광성,황인상 대한남성과학회 2012 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.30 No.1

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in Korean women. Materials and Methods: A total of 629 married women in the Chonnam and Gwangju area were randomly included in this study. They were asked to complete a questionnaire on FSD, which consisted of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), as well as psychological, physiological, and demographic factors. Results: The mean age of the women was 36.97 years and the mean FSFI score was 25.56 out of a total score of 36. Based on the total FSFI score, 42.9% of the women had scores less than the cut-off point of 25, the assessed definition of FSD. The prevalence of FSD by age group was: 31.3% for 20∼29 year olds, 41.6% for 30∼39 year olds, and 51.8% for 40∼49 year olds. A stepwise regression analysis found that women with higher levels of sexual distress, lower frequency of sexual intercourse, lower levels of life satisfaction, a less important appraisal of sex, a higher likelihood of depression, more conservative attitude toward sex, irregular menstrual cycle, higher age, chronic disease, and a smoking habit were more likely to suffer from FSD. Conclusions: The prevalence of FSD in Korean women was common and comparable to those reported worldwide. Sexual distress, frequency of sexual intercourse, and life satisfaction were important associated factors of FSD.

VE/LCC 분석을 통한 공동주택 리모델링 유형 선정에 관한 연구

양동옥,여상구,이건,김문수,고성석 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

In this study, it has been indicated reasonable investment decision makings for an apartment house remodeling and the process to analyze VE/LCC(Value Engineering/Life Cycle cost) analysis for selecting patterns. Through the process indicated, it makes the squandering of resources and environmental disruption minimize in public. In the ultimate, this research is accomplished to indicate objective analysis patterns for the value which is a main valuation pattern for the most reasonable investment decision makings. The VE/LCC process is applied to remodeling selecting patterns in real as well.

대학생들의 ‘썸 문화’에서 나타나는 전략적 선택과 양가적 행위성

양동옥(Yang, Dong-ouk),김경례(Kim, Gyoung-Rae) 계명대학교 여성학연구소 2017 젠더와 문화 Vol.10 No.1

‘썸 문화’는 연애를 포기당한 세대의 어쩔 수 없는 선택이거나 이기적이며 책임감 없는 관계 맺음을 나타내는 현상으로 여겨져 왔다. 하지만 청년들의 썸은 사랑과 연애 문화를 주체적으로 만들어가는 전략적 협상과 실험의 과정이기도 했다. 이 글은 대학생들의 썸의 행위성에 초점을 맞춰 썸의 진행 과정, 관계 맺기의 특성과 의미를 탐색했다. 썸의 과정에는 썸을 빨리 끝내고 연인관계로 나아가거나 아니면 관계를 단절하려는 욕망이 강하게 나타났다. 썸의 관계 맺기는 깊은 성적 친밀감을 나누기 전에 상대를 걸러 내려는 것과 썸 행위를 긍정적인 능력으로 평가함으로써 전통적 젠더 규범에 균열을 내는 특성을 보였다. 더구나 썸은 관계의 지속성을 전제하지 않기에 관계 맺기와 단절이 용이하지만, 관계의 불확실성 때문에 서로 책임을 다하지 않았다. 썸은 사랑과 연애에 대한 전통적 젠더 규범 내에서 상대적으로 불리한 여성들에게 전략적인 ‘안전장치’로 기능하기도 하며, 연애와 결혼을 유예당하고 있는 청년 세대에게 연애와 유사한 설렘과 친밀감을 공유하는 장이 되기도 했다. The ‘some culture’ has been regarded either as an unavoidable choice by the generation who were forced to give up their love life under uncertain and unstable social-economic conditions, or as a negative social phenomenon that is suggestive of selfish and irresponsible relationship formation. This study aims to investigate the ‘some culture’ among youngsters through a strategic negotiation and experimentation process, demonstrating that the generation members create their love and romance culture independently, although ‘some’ is sometimes influenced by a complex social geography and standardized norms regarding love and romance. ‘Some’ describes a process in which a man and a woman start to be fond of each other and explore and examine the possibilities. Both romance and anxiety coexist in this process. Under these conflicting emotions, the participants tend to desire either to end the ‘some’ relationship quickly and develop a romantic relationship, or to break the connection off. ‘Some’ sometimes serves as strategic ‘safety device’ for females who find themselves in a relatively unfavorable position within the traditional gender norms regarding love and romance, while at other times it offers a means of sharing romance and intimacy resembling love among members of the younger generation who are forced to postpone their romance and marriage.

성적 자극에 대한 노출이 공격 행동 경향성에 미치는 영향

양동옥(Yang Dong-ouk),윤가현(Youn Gahyun) 한국사회조사연구소 2007 사회연구 Vol.- No.14

이 연구는 성적 자극과 공격 행동 경향성간의 관련성을 확인하는 실험이었다. 이를 위해 포르노 동영상이 성적 자극으로 이용되었으며, 공격 행동 경향성은 다트 던지기 과제를 통해 측정되었다. 남녀 대학생 112명을 무선적으로 실험 집단(포르노 자극)이나 비교 집단(중립 자극)에 할당시킨 후 자극 노출에 따른 공격 행동 경향성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 남녀 모두 중립 자극보다도 포르노 자극에 노출될 경우 공격 행동 경향성이 더 증가하였다. 또한 공격 행동 경향성에서 성차를 보였는데, 포르노 자극에 노출될 경우 공격 행동의 목표물로 남성은 여성보다 여자의 얼굴 사진을 더 많이 선택한 반면, 여성은 남성보다 남자의 얼굴 사진을 더 많이 선택하였다. The purpose of this study was to confirm that exposure to sexual stimuli might act as an influence on laboratory aggressive behavioral tendency. A pornography video excerpt was utilized as sexual stimulus, and aggressive behavioral tendency was assessed through the dart throwing task. Participants were 112 college students(56 men & 56 women), and randomly assigned into either experimental group(sexual stimulus) and comparative group(neutral stimulus). Both genders showed higher aggressive behavioral tendency after exposing to the pornography stimulus than to the neutral stimulus. For the male participants, they selected more faces of female targets than those of male targets in the sexual stimulus condition while there were no differences between male and female faces chosen as targets for the neutral condition. For the female participants, they selected more faces of male targets than those of female targets in the sexual stimulus condition while there were no differences between male and female faces chosen as targets in the neutral condition.