천미포 왜변과 후기왜구의 상관관계 고찰

신윤철 제주대학교 탐라문화연구원 2024 탐라문화 Vol.- No.75

1552년(조선 明宗 7, 명 嘉靖 31) 5월 제주도 천미포(川尾浦)에 왜구가 상륙하여 전투가 벌어졌고, 생존한 왜구 30여 명이 한라산에 숨었다가 탈출한 사건이 발생한다. 이 사건을 가리켜 천미포 왜변이라 부른다. 16C부터 중국 동남 연해지역과 일본 간의 사무역이 활발해지고, 1552년부터 는 대규모의 왜구가 중국 동남 연해 침입을 시작하기 때문에, 천미포 왜변은 일반 적으로 16C 해양 상황과 관련이 있다고 추정해 왔다. 하지만 기존의 천미포 왜변에 대한 연구는 한국 문헌 분석을 위주로 진행되었기 때문에, 그 실체를 정확히 파악하는 데 한계가 있었다. 이와 같은 문제의식을 바탕으로, 이 논문에서는 정약증의 ≷강남경략≸과 중국의 각종 ≷지방지≸들을 검토 했고, 같은 해 7월(혹은 5월)에 중국의 보산(현 上海市浦東新區高橋鎭 일대), 그리 고 7월에 태창주(현 江蘇省太倉市)와 숭명현(현 上海市崇明區)에 각기 왜구가 나타났으며, 이 중 숭명현에 나타난 왜구들은 선주 龔十八과 함께 조선에 표류해 들어갔다가 탈출했음을 확인했다. 표류지의 정확한 지명은 나와 있지 않으나, 한ㆍ중 간 사료에 나타난 기간 및 인적 구성원 등의 비교를 통해서 제주도 천미포에 표류한 왜구와 숭명현에서 항복한 왜구들이 동일한 집단임을 확인했다. 1552년은 왜구의 대규모 중국 동남 연해지역 침입이 시작된 해였는데, 왜구가버리고 간 선박에서 조선은 명나라 화기를 발견했고, 왜구가 처음 천미포에 상륙했을 당시 군사 전문가 집단의 면모를 갖추고 있었다. 보산에 나타난 왜구가 바람으로 인해 절강성으로 부터 진입한 왜구였음을 확인했고, 이를 통해 천미포 왜변을 일으킨 왜구도 절강성을 약탈하던 와중 표류했을 가능성이 크다고 판단된다. 이를 통해 단순한 표류 사건이 아니라 16C 중반 동아시아 해역에서 일어난 후기 왜구의 연장선에 있는 사건임을 명확히 규명할 수 있다. This paper comprehensively examines the correlation between the Cheonmipo Invasion and the Late-period Japanese pirates(倭寇, Chinese: Wokou, Japanese: Wakou). In May 1552 (the 7th year of King Myeongjong of Joseon, the 31st year of Emperor Jiajing of Ming), a battle erupted when Japanese Pirate Raiders landed at Cheonmipo in Jeju Island. About 30 surviving pirates hid in Hallasan Mountain and later escaped. This incident is referred to as the Cheonmipo Invasion. Since the trade between the southeastern coastal regions of China and Japan became active from the 16th century, and the Late-period Japanese Pirate Raiders began emerging from 1552, the Cheonmipo Invasion is generally presumed to be related to the maritime conditions of the 16th century. However, existing research on the Cheonmipo Invasion has been primarily focused on the analysis of Korean literature, which has limited the accurate understanding of its actuality. Based on such problem awareness, In this paper, examines Zheng Ruozeng’s(鄭若曾) ‘Jiang Nan Jing Lue(江南經略)’ and various Chinese ‘Local Gazettes(地方志)’. In the same year, in July (or May), Japanese pirates appeared in Baoshan (寶山, Gaoqiao Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai), and in July in Taicang Prefecture (太倉州, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province) and Chongming County (崇明縣, Chongming District, Shanghai). It was confirmed that the Japanese pirates who appeared in Chongming County, along with their leader Gong Shiba (龔十八), drifted into Joseon and then escaped. The exact name of the drifting vessel is not mentioned, but through a comparison of the period and personnel found in Korean and Chinese records, it was confirmed that the Japanese pirates who drifted to Cheonmipo in Jeju Island and the Japanese pirates who surrendered from Chongming County were the same group. In 1552, the large-scale invasion of the southeastern coastal areas of China by Japanese pirates began. When Joseon discovered firearms from the ships abandoned by the Japanese pirates, they found that the Japanese pirates had a military expert group when they first landed at Cheonmipo. It has been confirmed that the Japanese pirates that appeared in Baoshan entered Zhejiang Province due to the wind, and it is highly likely that the Japanese pirates who caused the Cheonmipo Incident also drifted while plundering Zhejiang Province. Through this, it can be clearly determined that it is not a simple drifting incident, but an event that is part of the Late Japanese pirate activities in the East Asian waters in the mid-16th century.

農工團地의 工業構造와 立地特性에 관한 硏究 : 忠淸南道를 中心으로

申尹撤 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1994 産業開發硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The development project of rural-industrial complex aims to verify income source and to activate regional economic in the rural area b introducing industry. Ultimately, its aim was to accomplish the balanced regional development between urban and rural. The objectives of the study were 1) to measure the industrial structure and the locational characteristics of the rural-industrial complex in Chung-chong Namdo, 2) to draw implications for the development directions of rural-industrial complex. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Chung-chong Namdo area was the most active area on the development of rural-industrial complex in korea. The 603 enterprises of 49 complexes were ranged over 20 cities and Guns in Chung-chong Namdo in the present. 2) The type of industry of the occupant enterprises, the machinery and metal industry was highest with 24.9%, but the food industry was lowest with 6.5%. 3) The size of rural-industrial complex's enterprises, the number of employee were below 50 person(69.8%) and the size of estate was below a billion won(68.1%). 4) The characteristics of occupant enterprises in the complex, the newly established enterprises(52.9%) were more than the removal enterprises(47.1%). And the types of enterprises were divided into (1) a branch factory(46%), (2) a newly established factory(30.2%), (3) a removal factory(16.9%). And the major occupant factors in the rural-industrial complex were (1) the cheep land price(45.3%), (2) the support to tax and finance(21.7%).

農工團地의 開發實態와 發展方向

申尹澈 公州大學校 地域開發硏究所 1992 地域開發硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

The objectives of the study were 1) to review the present situation and problems and 2) to search further development directions in the development work of Rural-industrial district. This study was carried out through literature review. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) In order to develop and activate continually the Rural-industrial district, the manpower supply-demand relaction and the rural manpower utilization must be achived. In point of the rural manpower utilization, it is important not only growing the factory working ratio for the enterprises in rural-industrial district but also growing technical skilled manpower for the qualitive supplement of rural manpower. 2) Rural-industrial district development work must be carried out in terms of a link a chain of intergrated community development programs. So, rural area can be activated a settlement living area and a base of economic activity. And the shortage of manpower of rural-industrial enterprises can be solved basically. 3) In order to cope with the radical changes of industrial environment by the open-door policy and internationalization, rural-industrial district development stratigies must be changed. In the beginning, rural-industrial district development work was set out from farming income increasing. Now we must have aims to leaving out from petty farming and employment promoting of rural living. And rural-industrial district must be become a main location source of small and medium enterprises in rural-industrial district. So, we can achived macro goals by means of a balanced community development.

관상동맥 우회술 500례의 임상적 고찰

신윤철,김기봉,안혁,채헌,노준량,서경필,Shin, Yoon-Cheol,Kim, Ki-Bong,Ahn, Hyuk,Chae, Hurn,Rho, Joon-Ryang,Suh, Kyung-Phill 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1999 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.32 No.6

배경: 본 연구는 1981년 11월부터 1997년 6월까지 관상동맥 우회술을 받은 500례의 협심증 환자를 대상으로 술전 진단, 수술방법, 수술사망률, 수술합병증, 술후 증상의 재발과 치료에 대해 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 500례 중 남자는 330례, 여자는 170례였고 평균 연령은 57.4$\pm$8.9세였다. 술전 환자의 평가를 위해 심전도, 심에코, MIBI scan, 내경동맥과 대퇴동맥에 대한 Duplex Sono, CK, LDH를 포함한 일반적인 혈액 검사, 관상동맥 조영술 등을 시행하였으며, 술후 부정맥과 심근경색증 등의 합병증에 대한 판정 지표로 삼았다. 결과: 술전 진단으로 불안정성 협심증이 282례 (56.4%), 안정성 협심증이 141례 (28.2%), 심근경색후 협심증이 58례 (11.6%), 급성 심근경색증이 8례 (1.6%), 이형 협심증이 7례 (1.4%), 경피적 관상동맥확장술 실패가 4례 (0.8%)였다. 술전 관상동맥 조영술 상 삼혈관 질환이 263례 (52.6%), 이혈관 질환이 93례 (18.6%), 단일혈관 질환이 71례 (14.2%)였으며, 좌주관상동맥 질환이 68례 (13.6%), 그외 5례(1.0%) 있었다. 환자들은 술전 여러 가지 관상동맥 질환의 위험인자들에 노출되어 있었으며 고혈압, 흡연, 비만, 당뇨 등의 빈도가 점차 증가하고 있었다. 수술은 대복재정맥 1143문합, 내흉동맥 442문합, 요골동맥 17문합, 위대망막 동맥 1문합으로 환자당 평균 3.2$\pm$1.2문합을 시행하였으며, 인공판막 치환술 또는 성형술이 동시에 시행된 경우가 31례 (6.2%), 관상동맥 내막절제술 또는 성형술이 27례 (5.4%), 좌주관상동맥 성형술이 13례 (2.6%), 내경동맥 내막절제술이 5례 (1.0%), Maze 술식이 3례 (0.6%), 기타 술식이 11례 (2.2%) 등에서 시행되었다. 수술시간은 대동맥차단 시간이 평균 99$\pm$67분이었다. 수술사망률은 6.8% (34/500)이었고, 여성, 심근경색증 \ulcorner과거력, 급성 심근경색증과 응급수술 등이 유의한 위험인자로 나타났다. 합병증으로서 부정맥 109례 (21.8%), 신경학적 합병증 27례 (5.4%), 출혈 25례 (5.0%), 수술전후 심근경색증 25례 (5.0%), 종격동염을 포함한 창상감염 20례 (4.0%), 저심박출증 18례 (3.6%), 급성 신부전증 12례 (2.4%), 폐렴 등의 기타 합병증이 10례(2.0%)있었다. 술후 추적기간은 평균 25$\pm$23개월이었으며, 증상의 재발로 인한 재수술은 5명의 환자에서 시행되었다. 결론: 수술경험의 축적, 심근보호법의 다양한 적용, 심기능 보조장치의 적극적인 사용으로 고위험군 환자의 증가에도 불구하고 수술사망률을 감소시킬 수 있으리라 기대된다. Background: We analyzed five hundred patients who underwent either isolated or concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) between November 1981 and June 1997. Material and Method: There were 330 males and 170 females with a mean age of 57.4$\pm$8.9 years. To evaluate the preoperative status, we performed electrocardiograghy, echocardiography, MIBI scan, Duplex sonogram, common blood test including CK and LDH and coronary angiography. Result: Preoperative clinical diagnoses were unstable angina in 282 (56.4%), stable angina in 141 (28.2%), postinfarction angina in 58 (11.6%), acute myocardial infarction in 8 (1.6%), variant angina in 7 (1.4%) and failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 4 (0.8%) patients. Preoperative angiographic diagnoses were three-vessel disease in 263 (52.6%), two-vessel disease in 93 (18.6%), one-vessel disease in 71 (14.2%), left main disease in 68 (13.6%), and others in 5 (1.0%) patients. Patients had various risk factors for coronary disease, and the frequency of the risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and smoking showed increasing tendency year by year. We used saphenous vein grafts in 1143, internal thoracic artery grafts in 442, radial artery graft in 17, and gastroepiploic artery graft in 1 anastomosis. The mean number of grafts was 3.2$\pm$1.2 per patient. Concomitant operations were prosthetic valve replacement or valvuloplasty in 31, coronary endarterectomy and angioplasty in 27, left main coronary angioplasty in 13, carotid endarterectomy in 5, and neurologic problems, bleeding, and perioperative myocardial infarction. The mean follow-up period was 25$\pm$23 months and there were 5 cases of reoperation. Conclusion: We hope that the surgical results would improve with the accumulation of experience, application of new myocardial protection technique, and timely intervention of mechanical assisted devices.

만성 폐색전증의 색전제거술 -치험 1례 보고-

신윤철,지현근 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1996 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.29 No.5

69세 남자 환자가 운동성 호흡곤란으로 입원하였다. 폐관류 스캔에서 좌측폐의 완전 환류결손을 보 였고, 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 혈관조영술에서는 좌측폐동맥의 급작스러운 혈류차단의 소견이 나타났다. 환자 는 외상이나 하지의 이상 증상 그리고 색전증등의 과거력은 없었다. 원인 불명의 만성 폐색전증이라는 진단 하11 흥골 정중절개후 체외순환하에서 주폐동맥을 차단하고, 폐동맥을 절개한 후 색전재거술을 시 행하였다. 술후 폐관류 스캔과 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 혈관조영술에서 거의 정상적인 좌측 폐동맥의 환류가 관찰되 었다. 환자는 별다른 합병증 없이 술후 9일째 퇴원하였다. A sixty nine-year-old mate patient was admitted with a chief complaint of exertional dyspnea. Lung perfusion scan revealed total perfusion defect of the of left lung and CT anglography showed the ab- rupt cutoff left pulmonary artery. He denied of trauma history, previous lower leg symptom and sign, or any embolic history. With the impression of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism of unknown etiology, operation was done under the cardiopulmonary bypass through a median sternotomy. After main pulmonary artery clamping and pulmonary arteriotomy, thromboembolectomy was done. Postoperative lung perfusion scan and CT angiography showed near normal left pulmonary blood flow. The patient was discharged on the postoperative 9th day without any postoperative complication.

지역 경쟁력 강화 전략에 관한 연구(I) : 충남 서북부지역의 경쟁환경 분석 Analysis on the regional competitiveness of the Chungnam Province Area

신윤철 공주대학교산업개발연구소 2000 産業開發硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analysis the circumstance to build up the regional competitiveness as the case of the north-west Chungnam Province Area. The findings of the study were 1.The productive circumstance of the north-west Chungnam Province Area has been changed rapidly since 1990s. And this area is coming up to newly a large industrial park. 2. Despite the changing of productive circumstance, the living environment of the north-west Chungnam Province Area is very inferior from the viewpoint of consumption, welfare and living quality. 3. The administrative service of the local government in this area was not efficiency and not overcame the boundary of officialism . 4. Therfore, to raise the competitiveness of the north-west Chungnam Province Area, there must be reorganization of the local government setups and increase the operational efficiency, and also must be improvement of local living environment inorder to localize the external capital and manpower. Those are the real core of regional competitiveness.

敎育大學 制度의 改善에 關한 硏究

申允澈 진주교육대학교 1973 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

1. Purposes I think the best way to improve the quality of education is to improve that of teachers. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to suggest the programs nor only to improve the quality and socio-economic status of the elementary school teachers taking charge of the basic education of Korea, but also to reform the present system of teacher's college into a reasonable system fit for a current tendency. 2. Contents a) To compare a teacher-training system of elementary school of some advanced countries like America, Japan, etc, with that of Korea. b) To establish an indication of desirable education for training elementary school teachers. c) To analyze the problems and actual state of adjustment of the students of teacher's college. d) To find Gut the problems in the present system of teacher's college. e) Te research and analyze the opinions of students, teachers, educational administrators, and professors on improving the present system of teacher's college. f) To research and analyze the state of departmental system and the results front that at elementary school. g) Te research and analyze the educators' opinions on the teacher-training system of elementary school to enable them to teach a subject of specialization. 3. Methods a) Analyze of reference books b) Research on the actual condition based on questionnaire? 4. Results a) In the level of education, teacher's college training the elementary school teachers of Korea is inferior to the senior colleges of America, Japan, etc. training elementary school teachers. b) A desirable elementary school teacher is a man of abundant culture, but also must have professional knowledge and technique as an able teacher, and an excellent leadership as a reformer of commuity. c) The students' problems of teacher's college in the actual stave of adjustment are as fellows : (1) Students who considered aptitude and faith of teacher's occupation in the admission motive al·e about 17%, bolt about 50-60% of students entered a teacher's college only because of economic matters against their will. (2) About 17% of students didn't get adjusted themselves well to their school life. The main reasons why they are not adjusted well are not well matched (about 30%) in view of their individuality and adaptability. About 15% of students think they are poor at the subject matters of teacher's college. (3) About 40% of students think music is the most difficult to study and next to it is physical exercise (about 19%). 18.8% of them fetal fine arts difficult to learn. (4) About one-third of students attending teacher's college have feeling of inferiority in their attendance and about another one-third of students complain of having no chance to consult with professors with personality. (5) About one-third of students are appeared to have considerable mental complex in gaining credit nod about 72% of students feel much burdened with the tasks given. d) Problems in the present system are as follows : (1) We considering as to specialization of teacher's occupation, two-year training course is too abort to breed the quality of elementary school teachers. (2) It seems hard to improve quality and socio-economic status at the level of junior college system. (3) Under junior college system it is impossible to have students breed enough the teaching ability of the whole subjects and a subject of specialization. e) Opinions on improving the present system are as follows : (1) As to the term of school year of teacher's college, students (about 50%) and educators (about 43%) long for four-year system in their opinions. (2) Most of students (56%) wish to establish a sole departmental system for music, physical exercise, and fine arts, etc, in their opinions, but educators (75.9%) wish to have students complete net only the common course of subjects, but also one of subjects of specialization in their opinions. (3) As to departmental system at elementary school, most students (about 85%) and educators (64%) approve of it. f) Our country as well as foreign countries adopts much departmental system at elementary school. They say students gain a rapid effect of study by adopting that system. 5. Conclussion I think it is proper that the term of school year of teacher's college must be extended for four years and that to establish a subject of specialization at teacher's college, we must reform the present system of teacher's college quickly.

셀룰라 신경회로망 기반의 연상메모리를 이용한 영상패턴의 분류 및 인식에 대한 연구

신윤철,조용군,박용훈,강훈 중앙대학교정보통신연구소 2001 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.3 No.1

셀룰라 신경회로망은 실시간의 비선형 데이터를 처리하는 신경회로망의 기능과 이웃하는 셀과 직접 통신하는 세포자동차의 구조를 갖고 있다. 각각의 셀들이 영상의 화소와 대응하여 동시에 병렬적인 처리가 가능하기 때문에 영상 처리 문제에 셀룰라 신경회로망이 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰라 신경회로망에 기반한 연상 메모리의 구조를 디자인하고 학습된 전체 패턴에서 최적의 하중 패턴을 선택하여 출력 영상을 얻는 방법을 제안한다. 이 때 사용되는 템플릿 패턴을 학습하기 위해 Hebbian 학습법을, 영상을 분류하기 위해 LMS 알고리듬을 사용하였다. Cellular Neural Networks process nonlinear data in real-time like neural networks, and consist of cells which communicate with each other directly through their neighbor cells as the Cellular Automata does. Image processing with CNN is appropriate to 2-D images, because each cell which corresponds to each pixel in the image is simultaneously processed in parallel. This paper suggests the method for designing the structure of associative memory based on CNN and getting output image by choosing the most appropriate weight pattern among the whole learned weight pattern memories. Hebbian rule is used for learning template weights and LMS algorithm is used for classification.

TV媒體가 兒童의 攻擊性 發達에 미치는 影響

申允澈,裵珍洙 진주교육대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

Few tropics have attracted as much theoretical and empirical attention over the past score as the development and regulation of aggressive behavior permeated by the TV viloence viewing. In this pacer we intended to overview the ambivalent effects of TV-media, the relationship between TV violence viewing and aggressive behavior development of the children through the literatures according to the types of research, and after that suggest some implipications to decrease and prevention of aggression. In light of the review we draw the following conclusions. 1) Research has demonstrated that TV plays a role in the positive effect and negative effect as well according to the TV programs, 2) Although multiple theories have been explored to explain the development of aggression derived from the TV violence viewing, only one theory can't be done it completely. 3) Though the results gained from the laboratory experiments about the effects of TV violence viewing and the viewer's aggression are inconsistent, they have helped to identify the range of circumstamces under which it is possible to find an effect on viewer aggression. 4) While field experiments haute found either no effect or awn effect of less aggression in the group that viewed violence compared to a group that viewed neutral films, the remaining majority of these studies has provided qualified evidence that viewing of violence leads to an increase in viewer aggression. 5) Most of the correlational study have not reached the conclusion that there is a consistent or, small positive correlation between viewing TV violence and aggression. But there is little evidence that in natural settings viewing TV violence cause people to be more aggressive. 6) There are many intervening variables in determining the TV violence viewing and aggressive behavior, that is, age, sex-typing, identification and fantasy wish the TV characters, viewer's predisposition, parents influence, etc.

셀룰라 신경회로망을 이용한 로봇축구 전략 및 제어

신윤철,강훈 제어로봇시스템학회 2000 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.10