판막첨 연장술을 이용한 대동맥판막 성형술의 중기성적 평가

안혁,김현조,Ahn, Hyuk,Kim, Hyun-jo 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1997 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.30 No.7

대동맥판막 질환에 대한 판막 성형술이 판막 치환술의 대치 방법으로 대두되고 있는 가운데, 서을 대학교 병원 흉부외과에서는 1995년 3월부터 1996년 8월까지 14명의 환자에서 자가 심낭 편을 이용한 판막첨 연장 술로 대동맥 판막성형술을 시행하였다. 평균 연령은 34.8$\pm$15.3세이었으며, 남자가 11명, 여자가 3명이었다. 수술전 시행한 심초음파 검사 및 심도자 검사에서 협착증을 동반하지 않은 대동맥판막 폐쇄부전증 환자로 폐쇄부전 정도는 평균 3.4$\pm$0.65였으며, 이중 4명의 환자에서 중등도 이상의 승모판 폐쇄부전증을 동반하고 있었다. 수술은 0.625% glutaraldehyde 용액에 15분간 고정시킨 자가 심낭 편을 이용하였으며, 12명의 환자에 서는 세 개의 판막첨을 모두 연장시켜 주었으나, 2명의 환자에서는 상대적으로 짧은 판막의 판막첨만을 연장 시켜 주었으며, 승모판 폐쇄부전증을 동반한 4명에서 승모판 성형술을 동시에 시행하여 주었다. 14명 모두에 서 수술중 경식도 심초음파 검사를 시행하여 폐쇄부전이나 협착이 없는 것을 확인하였다. 수술 후 평균 7.4 $\pm$2.1일에 심초음파 검사를 시행하였으며, 경도의 대동맥판막 폐쇄부전이 3명에서 나타 돛만\ulcorner 승모판 성형 술을 시행한 환자 중 1명에서 경한 정도의 승모판 폐쇄부전이 나타났다. 좌심실의 수축기말과 확장기말 구획 은 수술 후 통계적으로 유의한 정도(p<0.05)의 감소를 보였다. 수술 직후의 사망 환자는 없었다. 수술 후 평균 7.9$\pm$5.9개월간 추적 조사 기간 중 만기 합병증은 2명에서 나타났다. 심내막염 및 대동맥 판막의 증식물이 수술 후 7개월 째 발견되어 대동맥 판막 치환술을 시행 받은 환자가 1명 있었으며, Behcet증후군 환자에서 수술 후 3개월 째 갑작스런 대동맥판막 폐쇄부전증이 나타나 Ross수술을 받은 환자가 1명 있었다. 대동맥 판막의 판막첨 연장술의 조기 성적은 만족할 만한 결과를 보였으며, 특히 젊은 연령의 폐쇄부 전증 환자에서 판막치 환술의 대치술로 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 자가 심방편의 비후,석회화,또는 파열 등의 내구성에 대한 오랜 기간의 추적 검사가 필요하리라 본다. Aortic valvuloplasty has recently gained attention as an attractive alternative procedure for aortic valvular disease. Between March 1995 to August 1996, 14 patients with pure aortic regurgitation(AR) underwent aortic alvuloplasty using leaflet extension with glutaraldehydepreserved autologous pericardium. There were 11 males and 3 females, and the mean age was 34.8 $\pm$ 15.3 years. Preoperative echocardiography and cardiac catheterization revealed that the degree of AR was mean 3.4$\pm$0.65, and more than moderate degree of mitral regurgitation(MR) were detected in 4 patients. In 12 patients, 3 leaflets were extended and in another 2 patients only one deformed leaflet was extended. Concomitant mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) was performed in 4 patients. The competency of the aortic valve after completion of repair was evaluated by the transesophageal echocardiography in operating theater, and there was no aortic and mitral stenosis or regurgitation. In an early postoperative echocardiography, trivial AR was detected in 3 patients and mild MR in 1 patient. The end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions of the left ventricle were decreased significantly(p<0.05) as compared with those of preoperative values. T ere was no mortality and no significant postoperative complication encountered. Late complication developed in 2 patients during the follow-up period(mean 7.9$\pm$ 5.9 months). One patient underwent AVR on postoperative 7th month due to endocarditis, and the another patient with Behcet's disease underwent Ross operation at postoperative 4th month. In conclusion, AVP of leaflet extension technique offers an excellent early clinical result and represents a good alterna!ivy surgical treatment for the pure AR especially in young age group, although long-term follow-up is necessary to determine the durability of glutaraldehyde-preserved autologous pericardium as a valve leaflet.

Ebstein 기형에 대한 개심술 -12례 보고-

안혁,박이태,노준량,서경필,이영균,Ahn, Hyuk,Park, Yee-Tae,Rho, Joon-Ryang,Suh, Kyung-Phill,Lee, Yung-Kyoon 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1983 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.16 No.2

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation oand the ideal surgical correction seems controversial at present, and some problems are left unsolved in the surgical correction of this anomaly. Between June 1978 and June 1982, 12 patients with Ebsteins' anomaly underwent corrective open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital. Except for one patient, who had no ASD, all had a huge right atrium, secundum type ASD, and definite atrialized right ventricle. Typically, displaced tricuspid valve leaflets were found in all cases, but the degree of displacement and deformity were variable. In the point of NYHA functional classification, five were in class II, six were in class III, and one was in class IV. Ten patients were operated on by tricuspid valve replacement and pication. Two patients were operated on only by plication and annuloplasty techniques, and in all cases, ASD was closed. Postoperatively, four patients suffered from complete A-V block, and two of them died immediately. The remaining two patients took pacemaker generator implantation with good results. The other eight patients were in good condition. Tricuspid valve replacement using tissue valve and plication of the atrialized rght ventricle seems to be a good method of surgical correction for Ebstein's anomaly.

生長調節劑撒布에 依한 果樹의 收穫前 落果防止 및 成熟促進試驗의 近況

安爀 東國大學校 學徒護國團 農林大學大隊 1962 東國農林 Vol.5 No.-

러시아어, 한국어, 영어에서 ‘목’의 의미기술 비교

안혁 한국슬라브어학회 2007 슬라브어연구 Vol.12 No.-

The semantics of “neck/throat” in Russian, Korean, and English Words and expressions referring to a body or its part(s) have more than one meaning. The expressions about body part(s) are polysemous in many languages. The meanings of the expressions of body part(s) are not random, but systematic based on the metaphor or metonymy. Metaphor and metonymy are conceptual tools that help people understand the world and communicate with others. Metaphor and metonymy are not just for semantic investigation of a linguistic unit, but also available for other linguistic research such as research about aphasia. Among terms about body parts, expressions referring to neck show two perspectives about the body part “neck” – configurational and functional perspective. Configurational perspective is related to the expressions regarding neck from outside. Location of neck in the body, external shape of neck are metaphorically extended to other entities such as bottle, bay, etc. Functional perspective shows the meaning of neck as a body part associated with making sound or swallowing food. The extended meanings from this functional perspective view neck as a path or passage of sound or food. However, all the languages do not form these meaning in the same way. Russian шея and горло show this distinction relatively more systematically than the corresponding words in English and Korean. Language specific characteristics are reflected not only in the primary or portotypical meanings of words, but in the extended or peripheral meanings.

한국어 정(情)과 한(恨)의 러시아어 상응관계 연구

안혁 한국슬라브어학회 2012 슬라브어연구 Vol.17 No.2

CHUNG and HAN, both terms of emotion are known as characteristic of Korean people. The present research aims to give a definition which can be understood by the people who do not share the emotion’s context. Definition of a concept can be induced from diverse contexts where the emotions play roles. It is necessary to consider not only the lexical meaning of the terms, but also the constructional or situational elements. Possessor, cause, and other factors of an emotion have to be investigated in order to define the emotion. Understanding JEONG and HAN requires special conceptual processes and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) provides a number of useful ideas such as JEONG IS A LIQUID IN A CONTAINER, HAN IS A THING, etc. Both emotions share some metaphor formulae, and have different ones at the same time. A list of the metaphor formulae is attempted in the paper. Another goal of this paper is to clarify the emotional concepts in Korean. Maybe it cannot be finalized in this work, but it becomes an important work toward the ultimate goal – to show the system of Korean emotions. The last discussion is about the correspondence of Korean JEONG and HAN and emotional terms in other languages, especially Russian. There already exist a number of interesting previous articles related to this topic. For example, Wierzbicka (1998) has analyzed “sadness” and “anger” in Russian. Russian has two words for the concept of “sadness” – PEČAL’ (печаль) and GRUST’ (грусть) and Wierzbicka argues that PEČAL’ implies a specific/ concrete cause while GRUST’ does not. She provides various linguistic evidences, for example, a certain collocational construction is not allowed such as “svetlaja pečal’ vs. *svetlaja grust’”and PEČAL’ need a specific/ concrete experiencer more frequently than GRUST’. Both sadness is defined her 51 Semantic Primitives. This kind of work shows a lot of insights useful to understand a different culture. The current research also plans to do a similar work for Korean emotional concepts. As a conclusion, the empirical analysis of JEONG and HAN is a first step toward explanation of Korean emotion terms from the view of Cognitive Linguistics. The present work will become a data source for culture study about Korea.

한국어와 러시아어에서 그리움의 개념적 은유

안혁 한국슬라브어학회 2011 슬라브어연구 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of the current paper is to show the conceptual metaphor of YEARNING in Korean and Russian. Two separate cultures have developed different ways of conceptualizing emotions. YEARNING is conceptualized diversely using different conceptual metaphors. Abstract emotions are often considered as concrete object – an ontological metaphor. Emotions have complicated system involving the possessors and external events caused by the emotions. The complex event system is described using event structure which is more concrete and tangible. However the concrete event structure,i.e. source domain of the structural metaphor, has different functions in different languages and cultures. The detailed description of conceptual metaphor would reveal universalities and specificities of languages and cultures and this paper provides a bundle of information about YEARNING in Korean and Russian. 본 연구에서 한국어와 러시아어의 “그리움”이라는 감정을 개념화하는 방식에 대해 구체적으로 연구하고, 그것이 발현되는 양상을 각 언어의 말뭉치 속에서 경험적 증거를 통해서 보이고자 하였다. 한국어에서 그리움은 9가지의 근원영역과 관련되어 개념화된다. 기본적으로 그리움이라는 추상적 개념을 구체적인 대상으로 개념화하여 인지하는 존재론적 은유와 상대적으로 더 복잡한 구조적 은유를 사용하여 표현하게 된다. 물론 텍스트의 유형에 따라 더 시적인 은유도 발견될 수 있지만, 본 연구에서는 개념적으로 구조화된 은유라는 것으로 제한하여 우리의 일상 속에 살아 숨쉬는 개념화의 메카니즘을 고찰하였다. 한국어의 그리움이 한국의 문화 속에서 상당히 긍정적이거나 가치 중립적인 근원영역을 사용하여 구조화된 반면, 러시아어의 тоска는 부정적인 가치의 근원영역인 짐승, 포획자 등을 사용하여 구조화되었다. 감정이 정도에 따라 다르게 나타나는 스케일라(scalar) 현상이기 때문에 긍정적인 감정도 그 정도에 따라 감정 소유자의 적으로 개념화될 수 있다. 그러나 그 사용빈도에서 감정 소유자와의 부정적관계를 지시하는 근원영역의 상대적으로 더 빈번한 사용은 러시아인들과 한국인들의 그리움이라는 감정에 대한 상이한 태도를 가진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 다른 문화의 상대적 개념화의 현상학적 연구는 거대한 데이터셋을 기반으로 해야만 긍정적으로 모두에게 설득력있는 주장을 펼칠 수 있다. 동시에 하나의 개념에 대한 단편적인 연구가 아닌 다양한 개념의 통합적 관점에서 연구만이 학문적으로 가치있는 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 점에서 매우 복잡한 연구대상이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구의 많은 데이터와 인지언어학적 방법론은 이러한 연구의 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

Polytetrafluoroethylene 을 이용한 체-폐동맥 단락술

안혁,Ahn, Hyuk 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1985 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.18 No.2

Nineteen patients with various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease underwent systemic-pulmonary artery shunts with a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] graft between September, 1983, and April, 1985. Age ranged from 3 months to 18 years, and seven of them were less than 12 months old. There were seventeen Great Ormond Street type of modified Blalock-Taussig shunts, and two central polytetrafluoroethylene shunt [ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery]. There was one postoperative death [1/19=5.3%] in a 10 Kg child born with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect associated with patent ductus arteriosus. He had another anomaly of imperforated anus. Relief from cyanosis was achieved in other eighteen patients with variable degree. Eighteen survivors have been followed up from 1 month to 19 months. Clinical status, auscultation, oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood, and hemoglobin have been used to establish shunt patency in all survivors. By above criteria, all survivors have good patent shunt.

폐격리증에 대한 임상적 고찰

안혁,Ahn, Hyuk 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1985 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.18 No.2

Pulmonary sequestration occurs when some disturbance produces a cystic mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue which lacks normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree. Between 1971 and 1985, pulmonary sequestration was diagnosed in 11 patients, ranging age from 3 to 29 years. All sequestration were intralobar type. Definitive diagnosis can only be obtained by aortography and/or surgical exploration in 10 cases. The other one was confirmed by pathologic examination postoperatively. The presenting complaints were mostly recurrent local pulmonary infection, but in 2 cases mediastinal mass with respiratory symptoms was presented, and cardiac murmur was only finding in one case. Preoperative diagnostic procedure revealed 3 associated anomalies which were funnel chest, right aortic arch, and pulmonic stenosis with vascular ring. Operative treatment for sequestration was lobectomy in 10 cases, and a segmentectomy in one. There was no operative mortality, but 3 complications [empyema, B-P fistula, post-op bleeding] which were controlled by subsequent operations or conservative measure. Aortography is strongly advocated not only for its diagnostic value, but for its preoperative localization of the aberrant vessels that are the major concern to the surgeon.

Семиотическая категория концепции «направленности» в пространстве русского языка

안혁 한국슬라브어학회 2013 슬라브어연구 Vol.18 No.1

Direction is a crucial part of movement and diverse grammatical/conceptual categories express directionality in languages. Cognitive Linguistics aims to provide rational description about linguistic phenomena and to formulate a theory based on the description. Research on language should include not only linguistic phenomena, but also so-called physical reality in which we live. Concept of movement is realized differently in languages and Russian verbs of motion (VoM) become a good example showing cultural specificity of Russian. Unprefixed Russian VoM are categorized by the manner of the motion and the path is expressed in the construction of VoM. Construction contains elements affecting the meaning of the whole construction such as definiteness of participant and types of transitivity, etc. It is necessary to consider all the contextual elements of a construction as well as the lexical meaning of VoM, and this paper illustrates the first step of investigating relationship of a semantic category. Semiotics is a useful instrument to analyze the given phenomenon of linguistic category. The sematic extension of a linguistic category can be explained by the idea of SEMIOSIS in language. Я пытался показывать соотносительность значения глагола и его образнойсхемы. Но существует несколько проблем связаны с концептами: например, конкретность,абстрактность, источник, цель, фон, и даже движение. Они могут быть слишком субъективны. Но уже я отмечал, что в когнитивной лингвистике базой семантического исследованияявляется опыт человека. Но мне надо найти границы и концепты, которые другие люди тожемогут испытывать в своих жизнях. Прототипное значение глаголаувеличивается до значения изменения места, и потом оттуда производит значение изменениясостояния. Оно может обозначать в практическом предложении ‘генерацию’, ‘ликвидацию’предмета или презентное состояние предмета.

외상성 흉부대동맥류치험 1례 보

안혁,장병철,임승평,Ahn, Hyuk,Chang, Byung-Chul,Lim, Seung-Pyung 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1984 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.17 No.1

A 25 years old male patient with traumatic aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta was treated successfully. He was admitted due to blunt trauma to the chest wall as falling down into water. He has been treated with closed thoracotomy and close observation. After a month simple chest film showed abnormal mass shadow around the aortic knob. Aortogram revealed aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta. Aneurysm was resected and replaced with woven Dacron graft with aid of Gotts shunt. His postoperative course was uneventful.