격음의 이중 표기와 음성적 특징

신성철(Shin Seongcheol) 국어문학회 2008 국어문학 Vol.45 No.-

In this study, I understand that the double writings of the aspirated consonants have the same root, but they went through the process of selecting the writing types consecutively. This study focused on phonological phenomena, the recognition of correspondence, and the phonetic features under my assumption that each phonetic form has three writing forms. I founded that the ''ㅅ’ of ''ㅅ+ㅊ’ in the type(2) was realized [t<SUP>┓</SUP>] not only in the modern Korean but also in the middle age Korean. Moreover, I founded that ''ㅈ, ㅊ, auxiliary ㅅ(or sai si-ot)’ were realized [t<SUP>┓</SUP>] from 15 century, and I also analyzed that ''ㅅ+ㅊ’ is composed of two phonetic values [t<SUP>┓</SUP>] and [c?]. In contrast, the ''ㅊ=ㅅ+ㅎ’ type appears at ''Oryunjeonbieonhae(1721)’. I understand that the examples such as ''빗히, 빗히로다, 낫낫히’ are combined with the subjective particle ''이’, predicative particle ''이다’, adverb derived suffix ''-이’ respectively and situated in the palatalization environment at the same time. In my view, above three examples were influenced by the over-correction of the palatalization. On the other hand, I found that the examples ''빗?, 빗헤, 것흐로, 것?, 갓?셔, 걷흐로만’ were influenced by the re-structuralization in relation to the non-phonological reasons. Therefore, with the above reasons, I assume that ''ㅅ+ㅎ’, the type(3) of ''ㅊ’, is not corresponding to ''ㅊ’, but ''ㅌ’. In short, it would be possible to correct the combined writings by three types and suggest their phonetic reality as follows; 이미지 참조

원순모음화 관련 연철ㆍ분철 표기의 음운론적 인식 고찰

신성철(Seongcheol Shin) 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.22

This paper examines how the syllabication spelling of Modern Korean operates as the non-phonological constraints, and figured out how the distinctive feature divided into morpheme boundaries is the factor limiting the phonological phenomenon in its internalized process. The rounding refers to the phenomenon where [labial] of labial transforms the connected unrounded vowel to rounded vowel. In syllabication spelling such [labial] does not go over the morpheme boundary and function as a assimilatior, but in liaison spelling, [labial] has already gone over the morpheme boundary, so the rounding is applied. When discussing the expansion process of phonological phenomenon in Modern Korean, the liaison spelling applying phonological phenomenon is not precise enough, but the syllabication spelling should be included in the study subject for precise examination of the internalized process and the expansion process at the morpheme boundary.

언간 자료와 사전의 표제어

신성철(Seongcheol Shin) 한국중원언어학회 2010 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.18

The purpose of this paper is to set up the standard of what was selected as headwords out of diverse different expressions of one word and to make a plan for selecting headwords of 'vernacular script word example dictionary'. To do so, this study examines the existing archaic dictionaries on the basis of 'selection of headword', 'format of headword items' and 'arrangement method of headword items'. In this paper, I also review the standard of 'selection of headwords', 'format of headword items' and 'arrangement method of headword items' in vernacular script word example dictionary. When one word has diverse forms and only one form or some forms are selected as a headword, we need to know the linguistic information of the remaining forms in advance. 'Vernacular script word example dictionary' selects different words followed by historic changes, regional dialects, social class, each expression and each specific family, as a headword. Because it has characteristics followed by distribution of the times from the 16th century to the 19th century; geographical distribution of Seoul/Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang; distribution of nobleman's class and gender in royal family; expressive distribution with differences in recognition about expressions; and distribution by each family with differences by each family. In the format of headword items, the study used form analysis applied to the 「Grand Dictionary of Korean Language 4 - old sayings and Idu」. In the arrangement method of headword items, the study regarded the syllabic order prescribed by 'Korean Orthography' as standard, and arranged by the Byeongseo letters of initial consonant and final consonant.

조선 전기 한글 편지에 나타난 ‘ㄹ’ 두음법칙과 ‘ㄹ’ 비음화의 통시적 고찰

신성철(Shin, Seongcheol) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.81 No.-

이 논문은 17세기 이전의 조선시대 한글 편지를 중심으로 ‘ㄹ/ㄴ’ 두음법칙과 ‘ㄹ’ 비음화의 적용 과정에 나타나는 개인별 수용 양상을 분석하면서 국어사 판본 자료에 비하여 자연언어에 근접하는 자료적 가치가 있음을 밝히고, ‘ㄴ’ 두음법칙이 최소 16세기부터 실현되었음을 살펴보고자 한다. 조선시대 판본 자료에서 ‘ㄹ’ 두음법칙과 ‘ㄹ’ 비음화가 90% 이상 반영된 것은 17세기부터이다. 그러나 조선 전기의 한글 편지에서는 ‘ㄹ’ 두음법칙과 ‘ㄹ’ 비음화가 16세기 이전에 100%나 100%에 거의 근접한 비율을 보인다. 음운 층위에서 한글 편지가 판본 자료보다 당시의 생생한 국어의 음운 현상에 한층 더 근접한 모습이 반영된 것이며, 대부분의 판본 자료보다는 한글 편지가 자연언어에 더 가까운 자료적 성격을 지닌 것에 기인한다. 한편, 조선 전기 한글 편지에 나타난 ‘양식’은 ‘糧食’에 대응되며, ‘ㄹ’ 두음법칙과 ‘ㄴ’ 두음법칙이 연속적으로 적용된 용례이다. 또한 ‘ㄴ’ 두음법칙의 과도교정 용례가 최소 16세기부터 나타나는 실태를 고려하면, ‘양식’은 ‘ㄹ’ 두음법칙과 ‘ㄴ’ 두음법칙이 연속적으로 적용된 것이며, 그 결과로 ‘ㄹ→ㅇ’이 반영된 것이다. 그러므로 ‘ㄴ’ 두음법칙은 최소 16세기 이전에 발생된 음운 현상이다. This study examines individual acceptance patterns in the application process of "R/N-Initial Law" and "R-nasalization" based on the Hangeul letters, until the 17th century; tries to identify the natural linguistic characteristics close to the Hangeul letters; and reveals that the "N-Initial Law" emerged at least from the 16th century. More than 90 percent of the Joseon Dynasty"s "R-Initial Law" and "R-nasalization" were reflected in the 17th century literature. However, during the early Joseon Dynasty, i.e., before the 16th century, the ratio of "R-Initial Law" and "R-nasalization" in the Hangeul letters was around 100 percent. This reflects the fact that the Hangeul letters are closer to the phonemic phenomenon of Korean language than that of Korean literature. This is because it has more of a materialistic nature that is closer to a natural language than written literature. Also, "양식" that appeared in the Hangeul letters during the early Joseon Dynasty corresponds to "糧食." Considering the existence of the use cases in which the "N-Initial Law" was applied in the 16th century at least, the "R-Initial Law" and "N-Initial Law" were applied consecutively and "ㄹ→ㅇ" was reflected. The "N-Initial Law" also appeared in the 16th century.

현대국어 ‘들-’[食]의 대우 기능과 선택 조건

신성철(Seongcheol Shin) 한국중원언어학회 2014 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.30

The purpose of this article is that the honorific functions and its conditions of choice about ‘deul-’[EAT] in modern Korean is the identifying features. ‘deul-’ is ‘meok-’ type lexical honorific verbs with [EAT] and meaning [+HIGH]. So, ‘deul-’ is not a formal body rating relative to the exalted as ‘meok-’, ‘jasi-’ and ‘japsu-’ are antagonistic. Only non-formal rating of meaning [+HIGH] is meaning property. And When using ‘deul-’, you have two choices are sequentially. The first condition is whether or not the subject"s clarity Act and the second condition is whether or not the clarity of meaning [+HIGH]. In addition, principals exalted prefinal is combined with ‘deusi-’. Act principals and clarity of meaning [+HIGH], regardless of whether it is used in all conditions. But act means the subject and [increase +] than we do when ambiguity, we preferred. When act subject and meaning [+HIGH] is ambiguous, it prefer ‘deul-’ rather than ‘deusi-’.

16~17세기 경상지역어를 반영한 한글 필사문헌의 구개음화 연구

윤진영 ( Yun Jin-yeong ),신성철 ( Shin Seongcheol ) 영주어문학회 2021 영주어문 Vol.47 No.-

이 연구에서는 16-17세기 경상지역어를 반영할 것으로 추정되는 재지(在地)양반가의 사적 기록물인 「순천김씨묘출토 언간」, 「진주하씨묘출토 언간」, 「음식디미방」, 「이동표가 언간」을 대상으로 경상지역에서 진행된 구개음화의 점진적 확산을 확인하고 그 특징에 대해 살펴보았다. 이들 한글 필사문헌에서는 비슷한 시기, 같은 경상지역에서 간행된 관판본, 사찰본보다 구개음화가 빠르게, 다수 나타남으로써 간본에서 확인하기 어려웠던 16세기 후기의 구개음화를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 재지(在地)양반가의 남녀 발신자에 따른 세대별 분석에서는 남녀 성별과 남성의 사회적 지위에 따른 구개음화의 확산 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 대체로 재지양반가의 여성 언어에서 남성 언어보다 높은 비율로 구개음화가 나타나며 점진적인 확산 과정이 분명히 확인된다. 여성 언어에 나타나는 이러한 특징은 조선시대 사회적 진출, 중앙을 비롯한 타 지역과의 교류 등에서 제한적이었던 여성들이 가문과 거주 지역을 중심으로 사회적 활동을 함으로써 중앙어를 접할 기회가 적고 구개음화가 발생한 지역어의 전통을 보존, 계승했을 가능성이 높기 때문으로 판단된다. 이에 비해 남성 언어에서 나타나는 특징은 조선시대 남성들이 중앙 관직으로 진출을 통한 거주뿐만 아니라 과거시험 준비 과정에서 교류, 학문적 교류, 중앙 정계와의 교신 등 직·간접적인 잦은 교류를 통해 중앙어에 대한 사회적 권위(social prestige)를 더 많이 수용한 때문으로 생각된다. 구개음화가 발생하지 않은 중앙어를 규범어로 인식하고 자신들의 언어에서 구개음화를 적용하지 않았을 가능성이 크다. 재지(在地)양반가 중에서도 중앙 관직으로의 진출이 활발하고 중앙 정계와도 교류가 많은 가문일수록 중앙어의 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 보이며, 이것은 경상지역 뿐만 아니라 전라지역을 포함한 다른 재지양반들의 언어에서도 공통된 현상이었을 것으로 추측된다. 16-17세기 경상지역어를 반영한 한글 필사문헌에서 나타나는 이러한 특징은 구개음화의 점진적 확산과 관련하여 성별, 사회적 지위에 따른 중앙과의 교류와 같은 사회적 변인이 중요한 영향을 미쳤음을 보여준다. Differences in reflections of palatalization according to male and female senders(authors) with its gradual spread could be found in 「Suncheon Kim's Tomb Eongan」, 「Jinju Ha's Tomb Eongan」, 「Eumsikdimibang」, and 「Idongpyoga Eongan」 that are assumed to reflect Gyeongsang dialects in the 16th and 17th centuries. Generally, the steady spread of palatalization over time was shown in women's language as the rate was higher than that of men's language. And the spread of palatalization was not clearly shown in men's language. This is thought to be related to the sphere of local and social activities that men of local noble families exchange with one another. There is a strong possibility that the families that actively held central government positions and exchanged with central political circles very much were influenced by the central language. They had the possibility of recognizing the central dialect that palatalization did not spread as the standard language with social prestige. Therefore, it is thought that they did not apply palatalization to their language. In contrast, there is a high possibility that women's language has tradition of local dialects as it was active in families and areas due to limited social activities in the public sphere during the Joseon Dynasty. The spread of palatalization shown in women's language is thought to be closer to the actual language than that in men's language.