일본 중세의 女子 교육

申美那(Shin, Mi-Na) 역사교육연구회 2014 歷史敎育 Vol.129 No.-

This paper examines the court noble women education in Medieval Japan through the Jyokunsyo. The Jyokunsyo, which wrote right consideration and an appearance, culture required for a woman, appeared from the middle ages. Menotono Humi is the first Jyokunsyo in Medieval Japan and the writer tell a daughter from consideration, outfit, practices of the culture including a 31-syllable Japanese poem, calligraphy, a painting, music, reading to the conduct in the Imperial Court, Buddhism faith. It is a part of the heart such as classification, consideration, the patience that a writer emphasizes in a book most, and she demands an average standard in study and art from a daughter. The aim of the court noble men education was the succession of family business (or family tradition) and the house. Men learned textbooks written in classical Chinese such as the scriptures of Confucianism or Japanese classic and it was father or a specialized scholar to have been in charge of the education of men. As for the woman education of the Middle Ages, it was a main method that a woman taught a woman. The text of the woman education was partial in the books of kana letters and the woman was not going to learn classical Chinese positively. It is thought that the acquisition of the knowledge is important in the male education and upbringing of gentle human nature is important in the woman education. The ideal image for women did not seem to change since the Heian period. However, by the rise of the samurai and the establishment of the house, the change of the marriage system, the environment around the woman was not same as the past. Menotono Humi demands strong patience from a woman and assumes Buddhism a support. It may be said that Jyokunsyo of the Middle Ages reflects the severe reality that a woman of the Middle Ages faced.

중세 일본의 자기 정체성과 타자성

신미나 ( Mi Na Shin ) 수선사학회 2011 史林 Vol.0 No.39

This paper examines how medieval Japan defined self-identity in recognizing others, such as Chosen and China. Others in ancient times played the role of ifentifying itself in Japan. Imitating China`s Sinocentrism, Japan identified itself as small empire, and Silla and Baekje as subject countries. In Heian period the thought of three countries(sankokukan) was popular under the influence of the Buddhism. Japan considered three countries as important in propagating Buddhism to India, China and Japan. Japan tried prescribe itself in light of a universal view of the world in the ancient times, but Japan emphasized particularity and the superiority over others in medieval ages. The recognition that Japan is the land of the gods increased in fear of the Mongolia invasion. The imagined otherness was succeeded and repositioned in literature like a novel and temple`s origin story(zisyaengi). The thought of removing others and building an internal homogeneity was applied to the principle of unification in the modern Japan.

중세 公家 사회의 家 의 분립 : -가데노코지가(勘解由小路家)를 통한 고찰-

신미나(Shin Mi-na) 일본사학회 2010 일본역사연구 Vol.32 No.-

This paper examines how the division of family in medieval courtier society was made through Kadenokoji family which was a branch of Hino family and divided from Yorisuke in 13th century. Hino family was the house of Confucian and classified as Meika which was a civilian class who could be also appointed chunagon. Yorisuke made a career as he served Konoe family, which was counted as one of the five regent houses(sekke). Kadenokoji family was established when Tsunemitsu, Yorisuke s son, succeeded to his father s career and family business; therefore, Kanenaka, Tsunemitsu s son, took pride in his family tradition handed down from generation to generation. The paper also demonstrates that family(ie) was self-complete, but clan was effective at rites for ancestors. Lastly, the paper analyzes the limit of courtier society: it was not allowed for branch family to exceed family status the head family had established in 12th century.

일반논문 : 가마쿠라 후기 천황가의 분열과 공가 사회 -히노가(日野家)와 양황통(兩皇統)의 관계를 중심으로-

신미나 ( Mi Na Shin ) 수선사학회 2013 史林 Vol.0 No.45

The paper examines the influence that the division of the imperial family of the Kamakura latter period gave in the court noble society through the Hinos. The Imperial Family of the Kamakura latter period was divided in Jimyoin line and Dikakuji line. The Hinos were a trusted vassals of Jimyoin line and accomplished exceptional success. They were in charge of a central role in a political reform of Jimyoin line and served a nurse of Jimyoin line from generation to generation. The relations between the Hinos and Jimyoin line appeared through a 31-syllable Japanese poem. The world of the 31-syllable Japanese poem was divided into two groups led by two imperial lines. The person of Hino was a main poet of Jimyoin line. On the other hand, Hino Suketomo and toshimoto became a central figures of the movement to defeat Kamakura Shogunate promoted by Godaigo Emperor. It is thought that the scholars of Confucianism of the Hinos dreamed of a change in Godaigo Court in which Neo-Confucianism were popular. It may be said that the division of the imperial family of the Kamakura latter period showed new possibility with confusion in the noble society.

논문 : 후지와라 북가 유학의 확립-광업(廣業)와 자업(資業)

신미나 ( Mi Na Shin ) 역사교육학회 2011 역사교육논집 Vol.46 No.-

The brothers of Hironari and Sukenari are the ancestors of the Confucian family of Hujiwara Hokke which began in the Heian era. This paper clarifies the characteristics of Hujiwara Hokke Confucianism through analyzing Confucian thought of Hironari and Sukenari. They studied Monjodo in Daigakuryo and were appointed at all important offices which elite Confucianists should have experienced. In particular, Sidok of Tenno and composer of Daijoewaka were handed down to their descents. However, they leaved very few works in study and literature. Their characteristics as bureaucrats was stronger than that as scholars. It is because they were affected much by the father who had been a distinguished literate bureaucrat and had respected practical study. The life-pattern of Hironari and Sukenari demonstrates what society demanded from Confucianists in the shift from the legal codes system based on Chinese Confucian ideal to the dynasty-system based on Japanese political reality.

일본중세(日本中世) 귀족사회(貴族社會)의 가격(家格)과 문인관료(文人官僚) : 가격질서(家格秩序)의 형성이 문인관료층(文人官僚層)에게 끼친 영향을 중심으로

신미나 ( Mi Na Shin ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2013 大東文化硏究 Vol.81 No.-

고대에서 중세로 넘어오면서 일본의 귀족 사회는 이에(家)의 집합체로 재편된다. 이에 사회는 가격에 따라 구성원 전체를 계층화하고 서열을 부여하였다. 이 논문은 가격 질서의 형성이 문인관료 사회를 어떻게 변화시켰는지 논하고 있다. 고대의 문인관료는 대학료 설립 이후 양산되기 시작했고, 특히 기전도를 전문으로 하는 스가와라(官原) · 후지와라(藤原) 3家가 문인 관료의 상층부를 차지하고 있었다. 그런데 平安 시대 중기 이후 정치이념으로서의 유학의 위상이 저하하면서 이미 문인관료는 조정의 요직에서 밀려나서 상층관료인 公卿에 진출하기는 점점 더 어려워지고 있었다. 11세기와 12세기를 거치면서 귀족 사회에는 이에가 형성되고, 섭관가를 정점으로 청화가·대신가·우림가·명가·반가의 가격이 정해졌다. 각각의 이에는 가격에 준하여 승진코스와 극위·극관이 정해졌는데, 상위 4개의 가격은 무관계열의 승진코스이고 하위 2개는 문인관료의 승진코스를 포함하는 가격이다. 명가는 弁官을 거쳐 공경에 진출하는 사무 관료의 이에고, 반가는 특수한 학문과 기능을 가학으로 하는 이에다. 후지와라 3家의 하나인 히노(日野)가는 명가의 가격을 확립하였으나, 그 외 문인관료의 이에는 대부분 반가에 들어갔다, 弁官은 유자가 빠르고 확실하게 공경으로 진출할 수 있는 태정관 요직으로 전통적으로 유자를 증용해왔었지만, 12세기 이후 실무형 관료를 우선시하게 되었다, 히노가가 명가의 가격을 확립할 수 있었던 것은, 유교적 교양과 실무능력을 겸비한 유자변으로서 자신의 위치를 확립하였기 때문이다. 가격 질서는 중세 이후 세습화되고 고정화되어 갔기 때문에, 히노가 이외의 유자는 사실상 유학을 가학으로 하는 전문 기술자 집단으로 귀족사회의 최하층에 자리 잡게 되었다. 공가 사회에 있어서 가격 질서의 형성은 결과적으로 문인관료의 사회적·정치적 위상을 축소시켰다고 할 수 있을 것이다. From the in the late ancient times to the early medieval period, the Japanese noble society was reorganized to the aggregate of ie. Courtier society was hierarchized by family status and given order change writer society? After Daigakuryo was established, the ancient literati bureaucrat was produced. Sugawara, Oe, three houses of Fujiwara, which were specialized in the study of Chinese history, literature and composition in particular, occupied the upper class of the literati bureaucrat. However, status of the Confucianism as the political idea decreased after the middle of the Heian era, and the literati bureaucrat was purged from the important post of the Imperial Court. In the 12th century conventional differences were established among the noble society, separating the kuge into groups according to their office at court. These determined the highest office to which they could be appointed. The groupings were Sekkanke, Seigake dijinke, urinke, Meika, Hanke. The family status of four high ranks was a promotion courses of the military officer, and two lower family status was promotion courses of the civil officer. Meika was a family of an office work bureaucrat advancing The highest offices at the court after serving a benkan, and Hanke was a house with special study and the skills. The Hinos established the family status of Meika , but other literati bureaucrats became Hanke. Confucianist was appointed traditionally in a benkan that was the important post of the emperor`s reign official, but experience of the business was given priority to over a benkan after the twelfth century. The reason why the Hinos established the family status of Meika was because the Hinos was able to ecaluate own as Confucianist with the ability for business. Because the family status was immobilized the Middle Ages later, the Confucianist of Hanke was placed to a bottom layer of the noble society as the specialist group of Confucianism. It may be said that, as a result, the formation of the family status order reduced the social political status of the literati bureaucrat.

일개 대학 간호학생들의 공감능력과 문화적 역량과의 관계

조미경 ( Mi Kyoung Cho ),신이나 ( I Na Shin ),이예진 ( Yea Jin Lee ),이지효 ( Ji Hyo Lee ),장은혜 ( Eun Hye Jang ),정혜린 ( Hye Rin Jeong ),차경민 ( Kyung Min Cha ) 서울대학교 간호과학연구소 2015 간호학의 지평 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between empathic ability and cultural competency in university nursing students. Methods: This correlational study involved 139 second- and third-year nursing students. They completed a 3-part questionnaire comprising items assessing general characteristics (9), empathic ability (30), and cultural competency (27). Results: The mean scores for empathy and cultural competency were 106.0 and 78.7, respectively. Empathy did not differ significantly by general characteristics. However, cultural competency significantly differed by foreign language skill. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the nursing students’ empathic ability and cultural competency. Conclusion: Nursing students’ empathic ability and cultural competency need to be enhanced to ensure the provision of high-quality nursing services to foreign patients.

솔잎(Pinus densiflora leaf) 추출물의 항비만효과

최민영(Min Yeong Choi),신별(Byel Shin),유주형(Ju Hyeong Yu),여주호(Joo Ho Yeo),이재원(Jae Won Lee),금나경(Na Gyeong Geum),안미연(Mi-Yun An),정진부(Jin Boo Jeong) 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In this study, we measured the inhibitory activity of Pinus densiflora leaf (PDL) against excessive lipid accumulation in mouse preadipocyte, 3T3-L1 cells to investigate whether PDL exerts anti-obesity activity. Lipid accumulation and the protein level were measured using Oil red O staining assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. We observed that PDL inhibited excessive lipid accumulation and decreased the expression of CEBPα, PPARγ and perilipin-1 related to lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, considering these results, PDL can be used as a potential agent for anti-obesity.

국내 AEO제도의 정책변화 및 개선방안

윤희영(Hee Young Yoon),신미나(Mi Na Shin) 한국국제상학회 2017 國際商學 Vol.32 No.3

본 연구에서는 AEO제도 도입후 현재까지의 AEO 인증 현황 및 변화를 살펴보고, 관련 선행연구를 기반으로 문제점 등을 파악하여 우리나라 기업들의 AEO 공인 인증 확대를 위한 정책변화와 개선방향을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석내용은 최근 우리나라 기업의 AEO 활용동향과 AEO와 관련된 52편의 학술지논문을 연구주제, 연구방법, 자료분석방법으로 분류하고 연구주제별 내용을 분석하였다. 또한 선행연구를 기반으로 제기된 문제점을 중심으로 관리주체인 관세청과 한국AEO진흥협회를 대상으로 인터뷰하여 정책변화를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 정리하면 첫째, 전 세계적으로 AEO제도는 확산되고 있으며 우리나라도 공인획득수가 903개에 이르는 등 그 수와 규모가 점차 확대되고 있다. 둘째, AEO와 관한 연구는 증가하고 있고, 연구주제적 측면에서는 ‘국가별 AEO제도’의 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 분석방법은 문헌고찰에 치우쳐 있는 것으로 나타났다. 면담조사결과로는 기존의 선행연구에서 문제점으로 제기되었던 공인신청의 측면은 가이드라인 4.0의 제공과 관세청 전자통관시스템(UNIPASS)로 개선되었으며, 공인심사측면은 기업의 교육과 개별적 컨설팅을 통하여 수정보완되고 있다. 사후관리 심사의 측면은 기업상담전문관제도의 보완 등 다양한 지원방식으로 활성화노력을 이루고 있다. 본 연구는 국내학술지 논문을 중심으로 AEO연구에 대한 주제, 연구방법 및 자료분석방법을 기반으로 하여 선행연구를 분석하고 그 기반으로 관리주체인 관세청과 한국AEO진흥협회를 대상으로 인터뷰를 진행하여 정책변화와 개선방안에 대한 시사점을 도출한 첫 연구이다. Purpose : In this study we examine the evolution and current status of AEO (authorized economic operator) authorization since the AEO program was introduced, and review the existing literature to identify AEO-related issues that need to be addressed. By doing so, we aim to propose policy changes and possible improvements to promote the AEO authorization of domestic businesses. Research design, data, methodology : Analysis is conducted through reviewing 52 journal publications on the application of AEOs by domestic companies, and other AEO-related papers, by categorizing their subjects, research methods, and data analysis methods. Additionally, based on the issues raised in the previous literature, we analyze possible policy changes by conducting interviews with the relevant authorities - the Korea Customs Service (KCS) and the Korea AEO Association. Results : The analysis results are as follows. First, AEO programs are expanding throughout the world. Korea is no exception, with more than 903 businesses having been authorized as AEOs. Second, an increasing number of studies are being conducted on AEOs - particularly regarding the subject of ‘AEO programs by country’ - with literature reviews accounting for the majority of the research. Interview results indicate that the issue of applications - which had been a matter of concern in previous research - was addressed by the introduction of Guideline 4.0 and the 4th-generation customs administration system (UNI-PASS) by the KCS. Additionally, these changes are being supplemented with the provision of training and consulting programs for individual businesses. A diverse range of support measures are being pursued to promote post-authorization monitoring, including the reinforcement of the designated consultant program. Conclusions : This study is the first to conduct AEO-related literature reviews mostly domestic studies, categorizing them by subject, research method, and data analysis method, in addition to interviews with the relevant authorities (KCS and the Korea AEO Association), to derive implications regarding policy changes and possible improvements.

우리나라 환적중심항 효율성과 코피티션에 관한 연구

방희석(Bang, Hee-seok),이주원(Lee, Ju-won),신미나(Shin, Mi-na) 한국물류학회 2012 물류학회지 Vol.22 No.3

세계 경제의 중심축으로 중국이 부상하면서 경쟁항만으로 급부상하고 있는 북중국 항만의 지속적인 개발과 중국발 환적화물이 증가함에 따라 우리나라 항만들의 환적물량이 감소될 것이라는 우려가 커지고 있다. 동북아 지역에서의 환적물량은 증가되고 있으나 환적비중은 둔화되고 있는 추세에서 동북아 대권역의 환적물량 확보를 위해 우리나라도 항만경쟁력을 강화하고, 환적중심항으로서의 지위를 계속해서 유지하기 위해 환적중심항 육성 정책이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, DEA분석을 통해 코피티션 전략의 일환으로 가정한 가상통합 환적항만과 기존 항만의 효율성 값을 비교ㆍ검토하는 것이다. 둘째, 코피티션 이론과 사례를 중심으로 부산항과 광양항의 코피티션 효율성을 평가 제시함으로써 부산ㆍ광양항의 동시 중심항 전략인 투포트 정책에 대한 개선방안과 거점항만 확충대안을 제시하는데 있다. The central axis of world economy is changing to china and China is developing their ports for hub port. So Korea ports have to strengthen their own competitiveness with handling transshipment cargos against china ports and Korea ports are required to promote policy of transshipment hub port. The purpose of this paper is to using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) method to evalute a virtual integration transshipment port and the rest ports based on Co-opetition strategy. And the study presented the performance improvement and expansion of hub port through considering between Busan and Gwangyang port.