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동부경남방언 "X-하-"와 어미 {-아}와의 활용형 설정에 대한 연구
신기상 ( Ki Sang Shin ) 한민족문화학회 2007 한민족문화연구 Vol.21 No.-
□-~하-``의 ``기저형~소급형``이 ``□-``이기 때문에 ``X하-``는 어미 {-아}와의 활용형에 /-아/를 취하지 아니하고 /-여/를 취한다. 이런 ``X하-``의 자질(資質)을 감안하면 ``X□-``에 소급(遡及)되는 ``같다, 많다``를 ``같아, 많아``처럼 /-아/를 취하게 하는 표준어 보다 방언에서 ``같애, 많애``로 실현되는 쪽이 더 ``X하-``의 본질에 가깝다. 동부경남방언은 철저히 ``같애, 많애``로 실현되는 방언이다. 본고는 동부경남방언 사전을 가정하여 이 방언의 ``X하-``의 여러 이형태의 기본형(基本形)들을 어떻게 설정할 것인가 하는 문제와 ``여변칙`` ``ㅎ변칙``과 관련하여 ``X하-``와 어미 {-아}와의 활용형(活用形)을 어떻게 설정할 것인가가 중심 과제다. 이 방언의 ``X하-``는 본딧말의 이형태도 많고(조만하다~조맨하다~조깬하다~쪼만하다~쪼맨하다~쪼깬하다…) 준말의 이형태도 많으며(조많다~조맪다~조깮다~쪼많다~쪼맪다~쪼깮다…), 활용형(活用形)은 본딧말의 활용형도 있고(쪼깬하고, 쪼깬하여~쪼깬해…) 준말의 활용형도 있는데(쪼깮고, 쪼깮애…), 그 가운데는 이 방언 특유의 형태가 적지 않다. 이 방언의 여러 형태의 ``X하-``를 대상으로 다양한 이형태의 기본형 설정과 활용형을 도출하는 과정에 어미 {-아}는 철저하게 /-아/ 아닌 /-애/임을 확인하고, 부수적으로 ``-애``는 ``X하-``의 어근 X의 모음이 양성인가 음성인가에 따라 다시 ``-애``와 ``-에``로 분간되는 점 등을 논의한다. This paper describes ``Xha-(X하-)(do X)`` and its ending {-a(-아)} of the Eastern Kyeongnam dialect under the assumption that there exists an Eastern Kyungnam dialect dictionary. Due to a morphological or a phonological reason, ``Xha-(X하-)`` is combined not with /-a(-아)/ but with /-yeo(-여)/. In the Korean standard language, ``많다(be many or much)`` and ``같다(be the same)`` are kinds of ``Xha-(X하-). Their conjugated forms with {-a(-아)} become ``많아`` and ``같아`` taking /-a(-아)/ as their ending according to the vowel harmony. Contrastively, in the Eastern Kyeongnam dialect, they take not /-a(-아)/ but /-ae(-애)/, so their conjugated forms are ``많애`` and ``같애`` respectively. This dialect, in which /-ae(-애)/ is used as the ending for ``많`` and ``같``, explains the feature of ``Xha-(X하-)`` clearly. A dialect has various kinds of allomorph, and they are all used actively. It is contrastive with a standard language in which only fixed forms are forced to be used, and all other variants are categorized as unacceptable forms. A dialect dictionary should record all of the various allomorphs and provide information about unique conjugated forms. ``Xha-(X하-)`` is a frequently used form with various allomorphs. Therefore, there is much information to provide about its conjugated forms. In order to reflect the natures of ``Xha-(X하-)`` in a dialect dictionary, it should reveal the rules for setting the fundamental form of ``Xha-(X하-)`` and provide the special and unique information of its conjugated forms. This paper concentrates on setting the fundamental forms of unique ``Xha-(X하-)`` in the Eastern Kyeongnam dialect and clarifying special conjugated forms which are joined with {-a(-아)}.
신기상 서울産業大學校 1994 논문집 Vol.39 No.1
The primary objective of this paper is to examine the dialect of Eastern Kyoungnam district and describe vowel deletion in its inflection. Vowel deletion may occur in the process of stem-ending and derivative suffix-ending association. This study will be, therefore, set limits to the previous two cases in vowel deletion. It has been shown that there are some kinds of vowel deletion, the two of which are perfect deletion and imperfect one. The former points out that a vowel can be deleted without any trace; the latter means that other vowels can be lengthened in compensation for the vowel deletion. Form the other point of view, vowel deletion may be classified into the vollowing three sorts: the deletion of the same sound in vhich a vowel can be deleted since a vowel in stem or suffix is the same as one in verb ending, and weak vowel deletion where a can be deleted out to its weak feature, and finally, gliding vowel deletion by gliding feature. It has been clear that only vowels located in stem and suffix can be deleted; on the other hand these delteion phenomena cannot occur in the ending of the process of stem-ending association or suffix-ending association.
신기상 서울産業大學校 1998 논문집 Vol.47 No.1
It is very rare that new grammertical morphemes are generated. The main subject of this thesis is the generation of a new ending '-ε(-애)' and a new stem 'kess-(겠-)' that they does not recognize. The'-ε' is one of the allomorphs of the ending'?(-어)', The '-ε'is a veriety of the '-??(-여)', that affixes to 'ha-(하)', '-ε' has been generated through the process '하-여>해>ㅎ-애'. The grammertical morpheme of the past tense '-εss-(앴-)' has also been generated through the same process. The pre-ending '-kess-' means the future and the conjecture. The function and meaning of this pre-ending has been changed, and a new auxiliary adjective has been generated, It is just this stem 'kess-'. The generation process of 'kess-' is -게하엿->-게엿->-겟->-겠->겠-'.
辛基相 서울産業大學校 1995 논문집 Vol.42 No.1
This thesis is for the study on the strokes in Hangul, the Korean alphabet. Here the number of strokes on 51 graphemes of Hangul, that of 11,172 syllables, that of syllables in sentences, that of contemporary writing, and that of ancient writings. To compare the number of strokes in Hangul with that of strokes in Chinese characters, the number of strokes in Chinese characters is examined. The number of strokes in 50,000 Chinese characters, the number of strokes in Chinese characters for educating Chinese classic in Korea, and the number of strokes in Chinese characters simplified are also examined. The comparison between Korean characters and Chinese characters which are the basic data in orthography, and the comparison between the number of strokes of phonetic symbols and semantic symbols are well expressed numerically.