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<머니볼>의 스타일 분석을 통한 영화의 디제시스적 속성 읽기
손영모 ( Young Mo Son ) 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.1
본고는 영화 및 영상매체만이 가지고 있는 중요한 특징을 되새겨 보기 위해 영화 <머니볼>을 분석의 대상으로 삼았다. 그러기 위해서 이 영화가 보여준 스타일적 특질들을 먼저 제시하고 그 다음 단계로 영화의 외적 세계를 구현하기 위해 내러티브적 설정을 끌어온 작가의 방법론을 살펴보았다. 고전적 할리우드 영화가 스타일을 구축하는 원칙이 이데올로기를 반영하는 식의 의도가 아닌, 최대한 효율적으로 이야기를 전달하기 위한 것에서 구축되었다는 데이비드 보드웰의 주장을 받아들인다면 <머니볼>에서 선보인 스타일은 그러한 계보를 따르면서도 몇 가지 양상들은 눈에 띄게 효율성과는 관계가 없는 선택의 결과로 보인다. 그 양상들은 HD인 디지털로 기록매체 전환이 완전하게 이행된 지금 시대에서 각종 스펙터클에 익숙해진 관객들에게는 자칫하면 제한되어 보이거나 보수적으로 비추어질 수 있는데, 이런 위험성을 감수한 이 영화의 스타일적 특이성은 영화 내부의 내러티브와 관념적인 연결고리로 엮여 있는데서 비롯되고 있다고 논고는 주장하고 있다. 이렇게 <머니볼>의 내러티브와 스타일의 불가분의 관계를 규명하려는 시도는 이를 영화 일반으로 넓게 확장해 보았을 때 다른 시각매체들과 가장 차별화되는 영화 고유의 본질인 디제시스적 고유성을 상기시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대하기 때문이다. This paper analyzes the film Moneyball aiming to contemplate a certain characteristic of cinema that is unique in its form. In order to achieve this, first I examined the stylistic traits the film presents, then principles regarding the visualization of the cinematic reality established by its director. David Bordwell claims that the principles of establishing cinematic style in classic Hollywood cinema are guided by narrative efficiency rather than ideological reasoning, and Moneyball certainly exhibits stylistic aspects that support this argument. However there are noticeable aspects that reveal cinematic choices that contradict this statement. To an audience whose eyes are tuned to the spectacles provided by today`s HD environment, these choices may seem rather conservative or limited, but this paper argues that they are conscious choices taking this risk in order to establish its internal conceptual relationship between narrative and style. I hope this attempt to scrutinize the inextricable relationship between narrative and cinematic style in Moneyball would become a valuable resource for contemplating cinema as the distinct diegetic form of art that separates itself from other visual medium.
지형 , 토양 및 기상인자가 해송의 수고생장에 (樹高生長) 미치는 영향
손영모(Yeong Mo Son),정영관(Young Gwan Chung) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.3
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the topographical factors (16 items), physico-chemical properties of soil (13 items) and meteorological factors(9 items) on the height growth of Pinus thunbergii stands along the coastal area in Korea. According to the coefficients by partial correlation analysis in total area, it was found that tree height growth was considerably affected by local topography, soil hardness, soil B-horizental depth, effective soil depth, soil moisture, parent rock, soil texture, and etc.. And the soil factors were available P₂O_5, total nitrogen, base saturation, exchangeable Ca^(++), and etc.. In partial correlation analysis, annual relative humidity, annual precipitation, index of aridity, and etc. were found to be the most important factors influencing on tree height growth of Pinus thunbergii stands. In conlusion, the topographical, soil and meteorological factors have multiplex influence on the tree height growth in the Pinus thunbergii stands. They promise to provide the basis of improving not only the selection of suitable sites and the management of soil fertilizer but also the estimation of growth and yield. Hence these results would be used successfully for the design in the scientific forest working plan.
임목 (林木) ( 해송 ) (海松) 적지선정에 (適地選定) 관한 연구
정영관(Young Gwan Chung),박남창(Nam Chang Park),손영모(Yeong Mo Son) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the forest environmental factors(5 items) and physico-chemical properties of soil (13 items) on the growth of Pinus thunbergii stands. The 218 plots were sampled over the coastal district of the whole country. In statistical analysis, the explanatory variables were soil and environmental factors(18 items), and the response variable was the site index of Pinus thunbergii stands. Data computation was processed in order of preparation of original data, computation of inner correlation matrix table by correlation analysis, calculation of partial correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination, estimation of regression equation by stepwise regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis by factor score of factor analysis. The main results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1 The site index in Pinus thunbergii stands way highly correlated with effective soil depth (r=0.8668), slope percentage, organic matter, and total nitrogen. 2 . According to the coefficients by partial correlation analysis, effective soil depth (r=0.6270), slope percentage (r=-0.5423) and base saturation (r=0.3278) among environmental factors had a great effect on tree growth . 3. With stepwise regression analysis, the factors effecting on the Pinus thunbergii stands growth were effective soil depth, slope percentage, organic matter, base saturation, soil pH, content of silt, exchangeable Ca, and etc. 4. Estimation equation for the site index of Pinus thunbergii stands was given by Y=13.2691+0.0242 X₂-i. 2244 X₄+0.6142 X_5-0.3472 X_(11)+0.0355 X_(13)+0.1552 X_(15)-0.1002 X_(17). The coefficient of determination for the estimation model was 0.77, which was significant at the 1 percent level. 5. In result of factor analysis by the environmental factors, principal components were 6 factors, and communality contribution percentage was 71.1 percent. 6. By stepwise regression analysis between factor score and site index of Pinus thunbergii stands, the factor group effecting on site index was 5 principal components. The coefficients of determination was 85 percent, which was significant at the 1 percent level. In conclusion, on the occasion of analizing which factors to effect on the tree height growth in Pinus thunbergii stands the stepwise regression analysis proved to be greatly significant. Also the management of Pinus thunbergii stands should be working by the above selected growth factors.
소아 무균성 뇌막염의 역학적 연구를 위한 건강보험자료원의 유용성 평가
박수경,기모란,손영모,김호,정해관,Park, Sue-Kyung,Ki, Mo-Ran,Son, Young-Mo,Kim, Ho,Cheong, Hae-Kwan 대한예방의학회 2003 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.36 No.4
Objectives : Aseptic meningitis is a major cause of Korean childhood morbidity late spring and early summer. However, the nationwide incidences of the disease have not been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of National Health Insurance data (NHID) for the study of an epidemiological trend in the surveillance of aseptic meningitis in children. Methods : All the claims, under A87, A87.8, and A87.9 by ICD-10, among children below 15 years of age, to the National Health Insurance Corporation, between January and December 1998, were extracted. A survey of the medical record of 3,874 cases from 136 general hospitals was peformed. The availability of the NHID was evaluated by the three following methods: 1) The diagnostic accuracy (the positive Predictive value : proportion of the confirmed aseptic meningitis among the subjects registered as above disease-codes in NHID) was evaluated through a chart review, and according to age, gender, month and region of disease-occurrence. 2) The distribution of confirmed cases was compared with the distribution of total subjects from the NHID, for subjects in General hospitals, or the subjects surveyed. 3) The proportion of confirmed CSF test was confirmed, and the relating factor, which was the difference in CSF-test rate, analyzed. Results : Among 3,874 cases, CSF examinations were peformed on 1,845 (47.6%), and the CSF-test rates were different according to the medical utility (admission vs. OPD visit) and the severity of the symptoms and signs. The diagnostic accuracy for aseptic meningitis, and during the epidemic (May-Aug) and sporadic (Sept-Apr) periods, were 85.0 (1,568/1,845), 86.0 (1,239/l,440) and 81.2% (329/405), respectively. The distributions by age, sex, month or period (epidemic/sporadic) and region, in the confirmed cases, were similar to those in the NHID, in both the subjects at General hospitals and in those surveyed, to within ${\pm}7%$. Conclusions : In this paper, the NHID for the subjects registered with an aseptic meningitis disease-code might be available for an epidemiological study on the incidence-estimation of childhood aseptic meningitis, as the NHID could include both the probable and definite cases. On the basis of this result, further studies of time-series and secular trend analyses, using the NHID, will be peformed.
산림전용에 따른 폐잔목의 임산바이오에너지 잠재적 공급량 분석
권순덕(Soon-Duk Kwon),손영모(Yeong-Mo Son),박영규(Young-Kyu Park) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2006 산림바이오에너지 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 산림전용에 따라 발생되는 폐잔목의 임산바이오에너지 이용 가능량을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 최근 5년간(2001-2005) 연평균 약 7,806㏊의 산림이 타용도로 전용되고 있으며, 이로 인해 연평균 266,551㎥의 입목이 벌채되었다. 산림전용에 따른 폐잔목의 임산바이오에너지 이용가능량(바이오매스)을 분석한 결과, 지난 5년간 침엽수림의 경우 연평균 약 57,945ton, 활엽수림은 44,379ton으로 나타나, 우리나라에서 전체적으로 연간 102,325ton을 이용할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 산림전용시 발생하는 단위면적당 이용 가능한 임산바이오에너지량은 매년 증가추세를 보였으며, 지난 5년간 연평균 발생량은 약 13.0ton/㏊으로 나타났다. This study aimed to assess biomass energy resources available from waste wood due to forest land conversion. Forest land area of 7,806㏊ on annul average during 2001-2005 was converted to other land use and the growing stock of 266,551㎥ was felled annually due to the conversion. Biomass energy potential of waste wood due to forest land conversion was estimated to 102,325 tons of biomass on annual average during 2001-2005 of which 57,945 tons were from coniferous forest and 44,379 tons were from broadleaved forest. Biomass energy potential per unit area per year increased for the same period and was estimated to 13.0 tons of biomass on annual average.